Neural Decoding

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Overview

Neural decoding infers what a person perceives, intends, or does from signals such as EEG, MEG, fMRI, ECoG, and neural spikes, supporting neuroscience and brain-computer interfaces. Common approaches include CNNs, Transformers and state-space models, alongside contrastive alignment, generative reconstruction, self-supervised pretraining, and adaptation across subjects or recording sessions; tasks range from speech and image decoding to movement and auditory attention. Researchers evaluate these methods on settings such as the Natural Scenes Dataset, motor-imagery and auditory-attention benchmarks, and speech-decoding datasets, while quantum error-correction decoders use neural networks to infer errors from syndrome measurements. A central challenge is making results reliable beyond the training subject, session, or dataset while controlling for shortcuts, limited data, and real-time latency.

Latest papers

CardsList

184 papers26 papers in the last four weeks, up 24% on the four weeks before. 0.2% of all new papers.

  1. Neuronal Identity as an Organizational Basis for Analyzing Neural Population Dynamics

    Oct 27, 2026Seungjae Han, Joshua Yedam You, Soi Kim +5Neural DecodingShared Representation Learning

    School of Electrical Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea · Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea · Graduate School of Data Science, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea +3

  2. NeuroCodec: EEG-Guided Latent-Domain Generative Model for High-Fidelity Target Speaker Extraction

    Oct 21, 2026Julian Silva, Jaliya Kodithuwakku, Navindu Sirimanna +3Target Speaker ExtractionSpeech Processing

    Department of Electronic and Telecommunication Engineering, University of Moratuwa, Katubedda 10400, Sri Lanka

  3. Certified Adaptive List Decoding for Error-Correcting Codes

    Oct 20, 2026Jaeho Hwang, Byung-Sun Won, Uiwon HwangError-Correcting CodesNeural Decoding

    Human-Centered Artificial Intelligence Research Institute, Ewha Womans University · Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Ewha Womans University · Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University

  4. Logit Averaging During Training Sets a New State of the Art for Non-Invasive Speech BCI

    Oct 19, 2026Miran Özdogan, Gereon Elvers, Michael Bronstein +1Brain-Computer InterfacesNeural Decoding

    University of Oxford

  5. Multilingual Brain Decoding Reveals Shared Cortical Semantic Geometry

    Oct 17, 2026Yi Guo, Yong Hu, Michael Kwok-Po Ng +1Cross-Lingual Representation AlignmentNeural Representation Geometry

    Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China. · University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. · The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. +1

  6. Do Speech BCIs Need Larger Models? Rethinking Neural Decoding beyond Scaling

    Oct 16, 2026Zehui Feng, Weichuan Wang, Xiaohan Chen +2Neural DecodingBrain-to-Speech Decoding

    Shanghai Jiao Tong University · Nanyang Technological University · Zhejiang University

  7. Decoding Naturalistic Speech from fMRI with Temporal Modeling and Multimodal Alignment

    Oct 15, 2026Corentin Caris, Louis Jalouzot, Nona Rajabi +9Neural Decoding

    Karavela · UNICOG, CNRS, INSERM, CEA, Paris-Saclay University · LSCP, EHESS, ENS, CNRS, PSL University +1

  8. Lifting: Quantum State Discrimination Framework for Mid-Circuit Measurements

    Oct 13, 2026Chi Zhang, Neel Vora, Yilun Xu +3Neural Decoding

    Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA · Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA

  9. Merit: Making every modality earn its contribution in multimodal attention decoding

    Oct 13, 2026Ali Alavi, Donald S. WilliamsonNeural DecodingEEG Decoding

    Department of Computer Science and Engineering The Ohio State University Columbus, OH 43210, USA

  10. Neuromorphic Decoding and Dynamical Image Reconstruction from Populations of Spiking Retinal Ganglion Cells

    Oct 12, 2026Ning Zhang, Arto NurmikkoNeural DecodingImage Reconstruction

    School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912 USA

  11. Neurons++: A Unified Visual-Stream Framework for Image and Video Reconstruction from fMRI with Neural-to-Visual Interpretability

    Oct 9, 2026Haonan Wang, Yuchen Wang, Jingyu Lu +4fMRI-Based Visual DecodingNeural Decoding

    The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology · Shenzhen Loop Area Institute, Shenzhen, China

  12. Replaying the Movie in Your Mind Decoding Dynamic Visual Perception and Recall from EEG

    Oct 9, 2026Zikai Fang, Tian-Yi Zhou, Xuan-Hao Liu +5EEG-Based Visual DecodingNeural Decoding

    School of Computer Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China

  13. Teaching neural decoders with language

    Oct 9, 2026Xuan Wen, Yonghao Song, Yuhong Zhang +3Neural DecodingEEG Decoding

    Tsinghua University · University of California, San Diego

  14. Neural Decoding as Cognitive Inference

    Oct 8, 2026Yi Guo, Changhong Jing, Yong Hu +4Neural DecodingCognitive Modeling

    Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China. · University of Chinese Academy Sciences, Beijing, China. · Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong. +1

  15. SpikeSSL: A Universal Spike Inference Framework with Dynamics-Informed State-Space Layers

    Oct 8, 2026Chenghao Yue, Siming Xing, Shuran Liu +2Neural DecodingState Space Models

    School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China · School of Future Information Innovation, Fudan University, Shanghai, China

  16. A multi-scenario EEG dataset for auditory attention decoding in naturalistic multi-talker environments

    Oct 7, 2026Shu Peng, Rui Liu, Yufei Zhang +7EEG DecodingSpeech Processing

    Department of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China · Department of Computing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China

  17. Confidence-Ordering Reversal under Contextual Priors in Neural Decoding

    Oct 6, 2026Xinyu Zhang, Sichao LiuNeural Decoding

    KTH · Karolinska Institutet

  18. Neuromotor Hierarchy Network: Physiological Inductive Biases for Robust Generalization in sEMG Decoding

    Oct 6, 2026He Wang, Hongyuan Qi, Zhaoxian Zhang +4Neural DecodingState Representation Learning

    National University of Singapore

  19. EMG-FM-Bench: A Comprehensive Benchmark for Foundation Model Transfer and Adaptation on Electromyography

    Oct 5, 2026Tianhao Wu, Jiawei Yu, Xiangdong Hu +8Few-Shot Domain AdaptationNeural Decoding

    University of Georgia · University of Oklahoma · University of Massachusetts Amherst

  20. Cephalonauts One: A deep fMRI dataset for decoding naturalistic speech in the human brain

    Oct 2, 2026Antoine Collas, Louis Jalouzot, Géraud Ilinca +11Neural Decoding

    Karavela · UNICOG, CNRS, INSERM, CEA, Paris-Saclay University · LSCP, EHESS, ENS, CNRS, PSL University +3

  21. Neural Data Needs Semantic Tokenization: Behavioral Events as Boundaries of Session-Transferable Tokens

    Oct 2, 2026Sangyoon Bae, Jiook ChaNeural DecodingTransfer Learning

    Interdisciplinary Program in Artificial Intelligence Seoul National University Seoul, 08826, South Korea · Department of Psychology Seoul National University Seoul, 08826, South Korea

  22. NeuroLens: Learning Latent Embeddings of Neural Semantics from Chronic Recordings

    Oct 2, 2026Hanrui Lyu, Baiyuan Chen, Tianshu Tan +8Self-Supervised Time Series Representation LearningNeural Encoding

    Northwestern University · University of Cambridge · Johns Hopkins University +3

  23. Removing Timing Shortcuts Improves Non-Invasive Brain-to-Text

    Sep 30, 2026Dulhan Jayalath, Oiwi Parker JonesNeural DecodingBrain-to-Speech Decoding

    Neural Processing Lab (PNPL) Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford

  24. NEUROTOKEN: Joint Source and Directional AAD with Envelope Decoding via Conditional Flow Matching

    Sep 30, 2026Ali Alavi, Donald S. WilliamsonNeural DecodingEEG Decoding

    Department of Computer Science and Engineering Ohio State University Columbus, OH, 43210

  25. Association profile conditioning in a set-temporal transformer for cross-session intracortical motor decoding

    Sep 30, 2026Xinyuan Zhang, Handong Mo, Pengfei Wen +5Set TransformerTransformer

    The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China · Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China

  26. From Neurons to Conversation: Speech Brain-Computer Interfaces

    Sep 29, 2026Moein Khajehnejad, Forough Habibollahi, Tommaso Boccato +4Brain-Computer InterfacesNeural Decoding

    Tether Evo · Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash University · The University of Rome Tor Vergata

  27. Brain-Conditioned Action Policies for Neural Motor Decoding

    Sep 28, 2026Luyao Jin, Running Zhao, Huan Zhao +2Brain-Computer InterfacesNeural Decoding

    Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong · Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Hong Kong · School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong

  28. Neuron-Level Architecture Growth: A Controlled Evaluation for EEG Time-Series Decoding

    Sep 27, 2026Adam Mounir, Stella Douka, Arnault H. Caillet +2Neural DecodingEEG Decoding

    Inria TAU – LISN, Université Paris-Saclay, France · Yneuro, Paris, France · Imperial College London, UK +1

  29. Jev Matches 7B Language Models for Speech-Neuroprosthesis Rescoring

    Sep 27, 2026Gabriele CinàBrain-Computer InterfacesNeural Decoding

  30. Integrating Language Models into Listened and Imagined Speech Decoding from MEG

    Sep 25, 2026Maryam Maghsoudi, Sai Samrat Kankanala, Shihab A. Shamma +1Neural DecodingBrain-to-Speech Decoding

    Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA · LEAP Lab, Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India.