cs.ROMay 11, 2026

VRA: Grounding Discrete-Time Joint Acceleration in Voltage-Constrained Actuation

Authors: Lingwei ZhangJiaming WangTianlin ZhangZhitao SongXuanqi ZengWeipeng XiaZhongyu LiYun-hui Liu

Organizations: Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering; Hong Kong Embodied AI Lab, The Chinese University of Hong Kong

Abstract

Discrete-time joint acceleration constraints are widely used to enforce position and velocity limits. However, under voltage-constrained electric actuators, kinematically admissible accelerations may be physically unrealizable, exposing a missing execution-level abstraction. We propose Voltage-Realizable Acceleration (VRA), a joint-level acceleration interface that grounds kinematic acceleration in voltage-constrained actuator physics by restricting commanded accelerations to voltage-realizable constraints. Hardware experiments on electric actuators and a wheel-legged quadruped show that VRA removes unrealizable accelerations, restores consistent near-constraint execution, and reduces constraint-induced oscillations.

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