Visual Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Silhouette-Guided Animal Art

People often see animal shapes in clouds, a phenomenon known as pareidolia. We propose an AI-based method that aims to predict which animals people are likely to perceive in clouds, even though state-of-the-art recognition methods typically fail to detect such animals. Additionally, we introduce a method to assist individuals in perceiving specific pareidolic animals, even if they did not recognize them initially. Our approach uses a diffusion model to transform cloud segments into an animal shape that visually resemble the original cloud. This diffusion technique is inspired by the observation that the diffusion process succeeds only when the target animal resembles the shape of the cloud, and that subtle visual hints often suffice to help individuals recognize specific pareidolic animals. A generated image, successfully derived from the diffusion model, is then used to predict the pareidolic animal. Additionally, a short morphing video transitioning from the generated image back to the original cloud segment is employed to further enhance the human's perception of the pareidolic animals.

Text-to-image generation has seen rapid advancements, especially with the development of generative models. However, challenges remain in achieving high-quality, contextually accurate image outputs that faithfully match the provided textual descriptions, especially in artistic generation. In this paper, we present a simple yet efficient retrieval augmented generation framework, namely MythraGen, for text-to-artistic image generation by integrating an art retrieval mechanism with LoRA-based model fine-tuning. Our method extracts features from a large-scale art dataset, optimizing the generation process by combining artist-specific styles and content. Particularly, retrieved images from an external art database that have the highest similarity to the query prompt are used to finetune Stable Diffusion using LoRA for desired art generation. Experimental results and user studies on the WikiArt dataset show that our proposed method can generate artworks that closely match the user's input, significantly outperforming existing solutions.

Composed image retrieval (CIR) uses a reference image and a text modification to search for a target image. However, such queries often describe several possible images rather than one exact target, making the user's intent ambiguous. Recent methods address this by using conformal prediction to estimate ambiguity and by asking users clarifying text questions. However, these methods have two limitations: their coverage guarantee only holds at the first interaction, and text questions are often insufficient for resolving fine-grained visual differences such as appearance, attributes, or viewpoint. We propose CLARA, a clarification framework that resolves ambiguity by showing users a small panel of visual alternatives. Instead of answering text questions, the user simply selects the prototype image closest to the intended target. This provides a direct visual signal and avoids relying on a model to predict the user's answer. To maintain valid conformal guarantees across multiple interaction rounds, CLARA reweights calibration using the likelihood ratio induced by the user's selection. The displayed prototypes are also constrained to represent the current candidate set and are snapped to real corpus images, ensuring that generated images cannot artificially improve coverage. Experiments on open-domain and fashion benchmarks show that CLARA matches single-turn state-of-the-art retrieval performance, maintains nominal coverage across interaction rounds, and finds the intended target in fewer rounds than strong text-question baselines. Its advantage is especially clear when ambiguity involves viewpoint or fine-grained attributes, where visual clarification is more effective than textual questioning.