Practical Zero-Trust for Mission-Critical Robotic Fleets via Hardware Attestation and Packet Timing Watermarking
Organizations: Department of Engineering Technology and Industrial Distribution, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA · Global Cyber Research Institute (GCRI) · iSTAR Laboratory
Abstract
Autonomous unmanned vehicles are vital to tactical missions, mission-critical public-safety operations like search and rescue and disaster response. However, their reliance on open wireless links and standard Robot Operating System (ROS 2) middleware exposes a broad cyber-physical attack surface. A compromise of these systems can disrupt real-time control loops, leading to mission failure or asset loss in high-stakes environments. This paper presents and empirically evaluates a layered, context-aware cybersecurity framework enforcing Zero-Trust principles for a multi-node robotic fleet over Wi-Fi. The framework integrates an active hardware root of trust (TPM 2.0), centralized in-band and out-of-band SIEM telemetry monitoring (ELK Stack and Kismet), and a non-cryptographic Inter-Packet Delay (IPD) timing watermark. Evaluated on a live ROS 2 mobile testbed under multi-layer exploits (OSI Layers 2-5), results demonstrate that while volume-based filters isolate brute denial-of-service floods, tracking the statistical sample kurtosis (K) of the embedded IPD watermark exposes stealthy Man-in-the-Middle command injections with complete detection accuracy without payload overheads.
Figures & tables
| Parameter | Configuration Value / Terminal Executable |
|---|---|
| Target OS | Ubuntu 22.04 LTS (Linux Kernel 5.15.0-91-generic) |
| Middleware | ROS 2 Humble Hawksbill (eProsima Fast DDS) |
| OSI Layer 2 | sudo mdk4 wlan1mon d -B [Robot_MAC] -g |
| OSI Layer 3 | sudo hping3 --icmp --flood [Robot_IP] |
| OSI Layer 4 | sudo hping3 -S -p 22 --flood [Robot_IP] |
| OSI Layer 5 | sudo arpspoof -i wlan0 -t [Robot_IP] [AP_IP] |
Zero-Trust Security
Zero-Trust Security continuously verifies identities, devices, and requests, granting least-privilege access instead of trusting network location.
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