Physical intelligence requires more than predicting how the world may evolve: predictions must remain actionable as the world continues to change. We introduce InternW0, the first instantiation of the InternW physical world model series from Shanghai AI Laboratory, built around omnimodal interfaces, asynchronous multi-frequency processing, and local physical modeling under partial observations and external influences. InternW0 jointly learns future visual dynamics and continuous robot control through an asymmetric video--action architecture with flow matching. A high-capacity video expert provides longer-horizon predictive context, while a lightweight action expert operates at a faster timescale. Instead of regenerating the future for every action update, InternW0 reuses layerwise K/V and adapts it to newly observed states through observation-conditioned context routing. Domain-specific interfaces and soft prompts support heterogeneous embodiments, while contact-aware post-training incorporates force and tactile signals for contact-rich manipulation. We train InternW0 on approximately 7,200 hours of heterogeneous robot and egocentric data, including EgoLab, a 275-hour real-laboratory egocentric dataset. Evaluation spans simulation benchmarks and real-world scientific tasks, including a 15-stage metal--organic framework synthesis workflow and 5-stage contact- and force-aware dexterous manipulation for general-purpose quantitative pipetting. These results advance scalable, asynchronous, and science-native physical world models for universal and efficient real-world interactions.
Figures & tables
Figure 1
Figure 1: Framework of InternW world model series.
Figure 2: Architecture of InternW0. Modality-specific video and action experts are coupled through an observation-conditioned chunk K/V editor . The editor adapts cached video context to chunk-level observations, allowing it to be reused across action updates. A frozen Wan VAE and DINOv3 encoder provide visual representations, while precomputed language embeddings condition both experts. Domain-specific interfaces and soft prompts support heterogeneous embodiments; force and tactile channels are introduced optionally during contact-aware post-training.
Figure 3: EgoLab dataset. Left: example activities with original frames above and hand annotations below. Right: distribution of activity categories.
Method
Spatial
Object
Goal
Long
Average
π0 ( Black et al., 2024 )
98.0
96.8
94.4
88.4
94.4
InternVLA-M1 ( Chen et al., 2025b )
98.0
99.0
93.8
92.6
95.9
π0.5 ( Intelligence et al., 2025 )
98.8
98.2
98.0
92.4
96.9
GR00T-N1.7 ( NVIDIA et al., 2025 )
97.7
98.5
97.5
94.4
97.0
OpenVLA-OFT ( Kim et al., 2025 )
97.6
98.4
97.9
94.5
97.1
Fast-WAM ( Yuan et al., 2026 )
98.2
100.0
97.0
95.2
97.6
Table 2: LIBERO Full setting.
Method
Clean (%)
Randomized (%)
Avg. (%)
π0 ( Black et al., 2024 )
65.92
58.40
62.16
π0.5π0.5 ( Intelligence et al., 2025 )
82.74
76.76
79.75
ABot-M0 ( Yang et al., 2026b )
81.20
80.40
80.80
Motus ( Bi et al., 2026 )
88.66
87.02
87.84
Fast-WAM ( Yuan et al., 2026 )
91.88
91.78
91.83
LingBot-VA ( Li et al., 2026b )
92.90
91.50
92.20
Table 3: RoboTwin 2.0 Full setting.
Method
Clean (%)
Randomized (%)
Avg. (%)
Fast-WAM ( Yuan et al., 2026 )
77.8
1.9
39.9
X-VLA ( Zheng et al., 2026 )
68.0
20.9
44.5
X-WAM ( Guo et al., 2026 )
70.0
25.8
47.9
Spatial Forcing ( Li et al., 2026a )
77.2
26.7
52.0
π0.5 ( Intelligence et al., 2025 )
70.7
46.0
58.4
4D-WAM ( Yang et al., 2026a )
81.5
41.8
61.6
Table 4: RoboTwin 2.0 Clean2Random setting.
Figure 4: Pretraining data ablation on RoboTwin C2R. Outlines: Clean (left axis); solid fills: Randomized (right axis). Gains are relative to robot-only pretraining (pp).
Figure 5: Five real-world tasks. From left to right: Make Sandwich, Pick Industrial Parts, Sort Tubes, MoF Experiments, and Quantitative Pipetting. The first four are performed on a dual-arm platform, and the last one on a dexterous-hand platform.
Method
Success Rate (%) ↑
Progress Rate (%) ↑
Make Sandwich
Pick Industrial Parts
Sort Tubes
MoF Experiments
Quantitative Pipetting
π0.5
73.3
53.1
86.7
50.2
46.7
Fast-WAM
40.0
50.6
66.7
10.7
18.7
InternW0
73.3
82.7
88.9
68.4
65.3
Table 5: Real-world results on all five tasks. We report success rate (%) for Make Sandwich, Pick Industrial Parts, and Sort Tubes, and progress rate (%) for MoF Experiments and Quantitative Pipetting.
#
Subtask
π0.5
Fast-WAM
InternW0
1
Pick up funnel from rack
100.0
100.0
100.0
2
Insert funnel into flask
100.0
46.7
100.0
3
Pick up graduated cylinder
100.0
13.3
93.3
4
Pour liquid into flask via funnel
73.3
0.0
80.0
5
Place graduated cylinder back
73.3
0.0
80.0
6
Hold flask steady on platform
73.3
0.0
80.0
Table 6: Subtask success rates and overall task progress rates on MoF Experiments.
#
Subtask
π0.5
Fast-WAM
InternW0
1
Pickup & reorientation
93.3
46.7
86.7
2
Tip attachment
40.0
13.3
66.7
3
Liquid aspiration
33.3
13.3
66.7
4
Liquid dispensing
33.3
13.3
60.0
5
Tip ejection & return
33.3
6.7
46.7
Progress rate
46.7
18.7
65.3
Table 7: Subtask success rates and overall task progress rates on Quantitative Pipetting task.
Figure 6: Qualitative comparison on the pouring step of MoF Experiments (top) and the tip-attachment step of Quantitative Pipetting (bottom). InternW0 aligns the tool before executing the contact-rich action, whereas the baselines act with visible misalignment.
World Action Models (WAMs) jointly model visual dynamics and action generation for generalist robot manipulation. A central challenge is to integrate priors from large-scale pretrained models---including visual dynamics, scene semantics, geometry, and motion---into a unified framework for robot action generation. We introduce InternW0-Δ, a unified WAM pretrained on a heterogeneous corpus that outperforms prior methods across simulation benchmarks and real-robot platforms. InternW0-Δ combines pretrained visual dynamics, scene-level semantics, 4D geometric and motion priors, and action generation within a Mixture-of-Transformers (MoT) framework. A pretrained video expert and an action expert interact under semantic guidance from a frozen VLM, while a pretrained 4D foundation model injects geometric and motion priors through training-only distillation. We further introduce Causal Imprint, which learns future-relevant scene changes from training-only future supervision and provides predictive representations directly to the action expert without future-video rollout at inference. For large-scale joint training, we construct a heterogeneous corpus of robot demonstrations, UMI data, egocentric human demonstrations, and Ego2Robot data, curated and aligned under a common state-action representation. The resulting corpus contains over 20K hours of processed training data, to our knowledge the largest open-source corpus of its kind. We pretrain InternW0-Δ on this corpus and demonstrate strong performance across simulation benchmarks and real-robot platforms. We will open source the training code, model weights, infrastructure, data-processing pipeline, and processed data where licenses permit. Project page: https://internrobotics.github.io/InternW0-Delta/
A central challenge in visual intelligence is learning the physical structure of scenes from raw videos: how regions form objects and the laws that govern their interactions. Solving these tasks requires world models capable of inferring distributional states of the world from partial observations - capabilities that current architectures do not provide. We introduce a new class of probabilistic world models that support estimation of the probability of any visual variable, such as appearance and dynamics, conditioned on any other variables. Here, we identify that these models can be trained efficiently with autoregressive sequence modeling, yielding world models from which rich object understanding emerges. First, we demonstrate that our model captures the physical laws governing how objects move by generating multiple plausible future states of the world through sequential inference. Then, by analyzing motion correlations across these futures, we extract objects and articulated object subparts. Having discovered these objects, we show that our world model can manipulate them in 3D. Finally, we demonstrate how physical relationships between objects can be computed from the world model, enabling applications such as Visual Jenga.
We introduce Riemann-1.0, a fully causal autoregressive World Action Model for embodied intelligence. Riemann-1.0 jointly models multi-view visual observations, robot states, and embodiment-specific actions within a unified causal autoregressive sequence, representing robot actions and world evolution as causal state transitions. Unlike existing WAMs based on joint generation, video-first prediction, or decoupled modeling paradigms, Riemann-1.0 unifies online robot policy execution and action-conditioned world simulation within a single model, enabling it to function as both an executable robot policy and a multi-embodiment visual world simulator. To scale embodied experience across heterogeneous data sources, we further develop a progressive embodied pretraining framework that unifies learning from egocentric human videos, handheld-gripper demonstrations, and heterogeneous robot trajectories under a shared World Action Modeling objective. Built upon 200K+ hours of interaction data, Riemann-1.0 progressively transfers large-scale embodied experience into executable robot manipulation capabilities. Riemann-1.0 achieves state-of-the-art performance across both simulation benchmarks and real-world manipulation tasks. It achieves success rates of 94.3% on RoboTwin2.0, 99.0% on LIBERO, and 62.6% on the long-horizon compositional benchmark RoboCasa-365, outperforming the previous best method by 8.4% On long-horizon real-world manipulation tasks, Riemann-1.0 achieves a Success Rate (SR) of 85.0% and a Progress Success Rate (PSR) of 94.4%, exceeding the strongest open-source baseline by 15% in SR. These results demonstrate that unified World Action Modeling together with progressive embodied pretraining effectively transforms large-scale embodied experience into generalizable robot manipulation capabilities.
Haofeng Sun, Jiangbo Pei, Fei Kang +13
Riemann Dynamics · Research Intern at Riemann Dynamics