DexAgent: An Agentic Human2Sim2Robot Framework for Dexterous Manipulation with Self-Evolving Tool Library

Human manipulation videos are a convenient and intuitive source for robot learning. However, directly transferring human dexterity to robots remains challenging due to perception errors and embodiment gap. To address this, we introduce Video2Sim2Real, a full-stack framework for autonomous skill acquisition from a single human manipulation video. Our framework first uses off-the-shelf foundation models to reconstruct a simulator-ready digital twin and extract robot and object motion priors. Rather than treating the extracted robot motion as a reliable reference throughout execution, our key idea is to recover and leverage the most fundamental sources of supervision from the demonstrated skill: We identify object-centric keyframes to optimize the corresponding robot configurations using object information from the simulator, and use these configurations as anchors that refine the robot motion such that it ultimately has the desired impact on the environment. To bridge the remaining sim-to-real gap, we introduce a sim-to-real strategy that decouples robustness to noisy and incomplete perception from variations in hand-object interaction dynamics. Specifically, we learn to recalibrate robot configurations from noisy real-world point clouds via IL, and leverage residual RL to perform local finger-level adaptations to ensure for robust and effective interactions. Finally, a collision-aware motion planning module enables spatial generalization to novel object configurations. Across several everyday manipulation tasks, Video2Sim2Real improves simulated task success, safety, and trajectory coherence over numerous baselines, and achieves better sim-to-real transfer than existing techniques. These results demonstrate a promising path toward autonomous dexterous skill acquisition from human videos.

Human videos are an abundant source of dexterous manipulation behaviors, but they lack tactile information that is crucial for contact-rich interaction. This raises a fundamental question: can robots learn deployable visual-tactile dexterous manipulation policies from human video demonstrations without robot-side data collection? We present DEX-X, a framework for learning visual-tactile dexterous manipulation from human videos through simulation. Our key insight is that simulation can serve as a tactile completion engine. Given monocular human demonstrations, DEX-X reconstructs hand-object interactions in simulation, where physically grounded contact dynamics provide tactile supervision unavailable in the original videos. Leveraging this recovered tactile information, we train visual-tactile dexterous manipulation policies and distill them into deployable policies operating on point-cloud observations and tactile sensing. We demonstrate zero-shot sim-to-real transfer on a dexterous hand-arm platform across diverse grasping and contact-rich tool-use tasks. The teacher policy achieves 65.9% average success across six task categories in simulation, while the distilled visual-tactile policy achieves 93% success on real-world cube picking and 53% on the challenging table-cleaning task. Zero-shot generalization to unseen object geometries is also observed on object-picking tasks. Our results suggest that simulated interaction is a key bridge between human videos and deployable dexterous manipulation policies, providing the missing physical supervision needed for scalable robot skill learning from Internet-scale human video data.

Sim-to-real transfer remains a critical bottleneck for deploying dexterous manipulation policies learned in simulation to real-world robots. Existing approaches rely on manually designed domain randomization or task-specific adaptation, limiting their generalizability across diverse manipulation scenarios. We present DexSim2Real, an integrated framework that leverages vision-language foundation models to bridge the sim-to-real gap for dexterous manipulation. Our system combines three components: (1) Foundation Model-Guided Domain Randomization (FM-DR), which uses a vision-language model as a visual realism critic to optimize simulation parameters via closed-loop CMA-ES, complementing text-based approaches like DrEureka with direct visual feedback; (2) a Tactile-Visual Cross-Attention Policy (TVCAP) that adapts cross-attention visuo-tactile fusion to zero-shot sim-to-real RL; and (3) a Progressive Skill Curriculum (PSC) that builds on LLM-based task decomposition with a difficulty scheduler tailored to contact-rich dexterous tasks. Extensive experiments on six challenging manipulation tasks with blinded evaluation demonstrate that DexSim2Real achieves a 78.2% average real-world success rate, outperforming DrEureka and DeXtreme while reducing the sim-to-real performance gap to only 8.3%.