Directional Pullback Regularization for Long-Horizon Rollout of Latent World Models in Autonomous Driving
Organizations: Toyota Motor North America R&D - InfoTech Labs
Abstract
Learned world models for autonomous driving operate in unconstrained latent spaces, yet the physical systems they represent are governed by strict non-holonomic constraints: ground vehicles cannot realize instantaneous pure lateral motion. We study long-horizon latent rollout modeling for autonomous driving and ask whether rollout quality can be improved by assigning a motion-aware geometry to latent transitions, rather than by redesigning the predictor architecture. Starting from an unconstrained latent rollout baseline, we introduce Directional Pullback Regularization (DPR), a training time method that defines a kinematics-aware anisotropic Riemannian metric in decoded state space and pulls it back through the decoder Jacobian to the latent manifold. The resulting latent-space metric assigns higher cost to latent directions that decode to lateral vehicle motion, while preserving the original encoder-dynamics-decoder backbone. This yields a clean three-way comparison among an Unconstrained Latent Rollout model (ULR), an Euclidean Pullback Regularization ablation (EPR), and the full directional method (DPR). We evaluate all models on open-loop ego-motion rollout over a common 10-second test horizon, using training rollout lengths of 1, 3, 5, and 10 steps. Across all four training regimes, DPR achieves lower 10-second final displacement error than both ULR and EPR. The strongest relative accuracy gain appears for models trained with 3-step rollout supervision, where DPR reduces the 10-second final displacement error by approximately 44 percent relative to ULR. The strongest overall control-relevant tradeoff is obtained for longer rollout-trained models, especially at 10 steps, where DPR simultaneously improves displacement error, lateral motion consistency, and forward motion preservation relative to both ULR and EPR.
Figures & tables
| Train rollout | Model | 10 s mean displacement error (m) | 10 s final displacement error (m) | 95th lateral error (m/s) | 95th curvature error (rad/s) | Median forward velocity (m/s) | Forward-valid fraction | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ULR | – | 31.366 | 80.646 | 18.370 | 0.683 | 16.345 | 0.953 |
| 1 | EPR | 0 | 23.165 | 50.927 | 13.689 | 0.687 | 16.983 | 0.692 |
| 1 | DPR | 100 | 19.254 | 47.172 | 9.395 | 0.773 | 0.946 | 0.531 |
| 3 | ULR | – | 33.913 | 84.163 | 32.377 | 1.868 | 1.712 | 0.530 |
| 3 | EPR | 0 | 24.067 | 65.300 | 29.309 | 1.716 | -0.623 | 0.483 |
| 3 | DPR | 50 | 17.057 | 47.160 | 13.748 | 0.902 | 3.115 | 0.599 |