Earth System Model

Earth System Models (ESMs) are complex computer simulations used to understand and predict Earth's climate system, aiming to improve our understanding of climate change and its impacts. Current research focuses on developing more efficient ESMs using machine learning techniques, such as neural networks (including convolutional and diffusion models), and graph neural networks, to reduce computational costs and improve accuracy, particularly for downscaling and bias correction. These advancements enable faster simulations, better uncertainty quantification, and more detailed analyses of extreme weather events, ultimately enhancing our ability to assess and mitigate climate risks.