Overview

Black-box optimization studies how to choose inputs that maximize or minimize an objective when its internal workings or gradients are unavailable, often because each evaluation is costly. Common approaches include Gaussian-process Bayesian optimization, evolutionary strategies such as CMA-ES and differential evolution, and bandit or partitioning methods that balance exploration with refinement. Surrogate models, multi-fidelity evaluations, and learned or generative proposals extend these methods to noisy, constrained, discrete, and high-dimensional tasks, including scientific design and system tuning. Benchmarks such as COCO/BBOB and CEC help compare methods, but performance often depends on the problem and evaluation budget, leaving robust transfer and fair comparisons across settings as central challenges.

Latest papers

CardsList

176 papers25 papers in the last four weeks, up 25% on the four weeks before. 0.1% of all new papers.

  1. Acquisition for Spherical-Linear Bayesian Optimization on the Cube

    Oct 23, 2026Nathan WycoffBayesian OptimizationSurrogate-Assisted Optimization

  2. Private Evaluation of High-Dimensional Functions

    Oct 17, 2026Mohammad Afzali, Hassan Ashtiani, Adam SmithDifferential PrivacyBlack-Box Optimization

  3. In-Context Batch Black-box Optimization via Flow Matching

    Oct 14, 2026Quoc-Anh Hoang Nguyen, Xinyu Zhang, Daolang Huang +2Black-Box Optimization

  4. Bayesian Optimization of CVaR with Unknown Hyperparameters

    Oct 13, 2026Valentin Margraf, Jonas Hanselle, Viktor Bengs +3Bayesian OptimizationConditional Value-at-Risk

  5. Generative Models as Adaptive Trust Regions for Discrete Bayesian Optimisation

    Oct 12, 2026Michael Dodds, Erik Bodin, Sebastian W. Ober +3Bayesian OptimizationBlack-Box Optimization

  6. Think in Strategies, Act with Tools: Traceable Agentic Optimization for Combinatorial Problems

    Oct 10, 2026Zhongnian Li, Shi Xu, Peng Ying +3Large Language Model-Guided OptimizationLLM Agent Workflow Optimization

  7. REMBGO for Evaluation-Limited Optimization: CEC2022 Benchmarking and EAF-STATCOM Generalization

    Oct 9, 2026Vikram Chekuri, Narapareddy Ramarao, Prashanth N AMetaheuristic OptimizationBlack-Box Optimization

  8. A Closer Look at Agentic BBO: Benchmarking LLM Agents for Black-Box Optimization

    Oct 8, 2026Ming Chen, Rong-Xi Tan, Ke Xue +8Black-Box OptimizationAI Agent Benchmarks

  9. Pre-training of Bayesian Optimization Algorithm through Bayesian Optimization

    Oct 7, 2026Satoshi Katayama, Shoyo Hunt, Shintaro Masuda +1Bayesian OptimizationBlack-Box Optimization

  10. Bayesian Optimization on Function Spaces via Sparse RKHS Manifolds

    Oct 5, 2026Davide Sartor, Meghan E. Huber, Donghyun Kim +1Bayesian OptimizationBlack-Box Optimization

  11. FLAT: Smoothing the Rugged Landscape for Learnable, Sample-Efficient Traffic Calibration

    Oct 3, 2026Haopeng Deng, Shuo He, Dayuan WangModel CalibrationBlack-Box Optimization

  12. Adaptive Partitioning Schemes for Optimistic Optimization

    Oct 2, 2026Raja Sunkara, Ardhendu TripathyBlack-Box OptimizationSurrogate-Assisted Optimization

  13. Cross-entropy optimization with prioritized constraints

    Oct 1, 2026Francisco Roldan Sanchez, Pau de las Heras Molins, David Fridovich-Keil +1Constrained Motion PlanningBlack-Box Optimization

  14. In CEM, a World Model Is Also a Proposal Mechanism

    Oct 1, 2026Oliver Obst, Frieder StolzenburgBlack-Box OptimizationModel-Based Planning

  15. Co-PiLOT: Constrained Physics-Informed Latent Optimization for Target-Driven Inverse Design

    Sep 29, 2026Mahish K. Guru, Mayank Nagar, Ayush vyas +3Physics-Informed Generative ModelingBayesian Optimization

  16. Adaptive Rotation for iSOMA: Geometry, Benchmarking, and Noise Robustness in Variational Quantum Objectives

    Sep 29, 2026Vojtěch Novák, Ivan ZelinkaStochastic OptimizationBlack-Box Optimization

  17. DisCoMBO: Steering Expert-in-the-Loop Black Box Optimization via Distributional Conformance

    Sep 29, 2026Jonas Seng, Bennet Wittelsbach, Kristian KerstingBlack-Box OptimizationBayesian Optimization

  18. CMDO: A Cognitive Memory-Driven Optimization Algorithm for Adaptive Population-Based Search

    Sep 28, 2026Mohammed Yusuf Mujawar, Shahram Rahimi, Noorbakhsh Amiri GolilarzEvolutionary OptimizationBlack-Box Optimization

  19. KT-EGO: A Knowledge Transfer Assisted Efficient Global Optimization Algorithm for Solving High-Dimensional Expensive Black-Box Problems

    Sep 28, 2026Qineng Wang, Liming Song, Yun Chen +3Black-Box OptimizationSurrogate-Assisted Optimization

  20. ILP-BO: Integer Linear Programming-Based Black-Box Optimization

    Sep 27, 2026Hyakka Nakada, Shu TanakaBlack-Box OptimizationBayesian Optimization

  21. Beyond Scripted Search: Sample-Efficient Reward Discovery via Agentic Black-box Optimization

    Sep 26, 2026Minghao Li, Rui Tan, Ruihang WangReward Design for RLRL Control

  22. Landscape Limits of Quantum-Inspired Evolutionary Optimization across 256 continuous functions

    Sep 25, 2026Rishi Govind, Ferdin Sagai Don Bosco, Kasturi Venkata Srikanth +4Fitness Landscape AnalysisEvolutionary Optimization

  23. MF-SCBO : Multi-fidelity Scalable Constrained Bayesian Optimization

    Sep 24, 2026Lucas Palazzolo, Mickaël Binois, Laëtitia GiraldiMulti-Fidelity OptimizationBayesian Optimization