Sep 12, 2026 · cs.CRJ/K move · Enter open · S save
Guy Frankovits, Lior Yasur, Fred M. Grabovski, Yisroel Mirsky
This paper presents DF-CAPTCHA, an active defense against real-time deepfake impersonation in voice and video calls. Instead of passively searching for artifacts, DF-CAPTCHA prompts the caller to perform simple challenge-response tasks that are easy for humans but difficult for current real-time deepfake systems to generate convincingly. The framework verifies the response using four criteria: realism, identity consistency, task completion, and response time. We evaluate the approach across both audio and video modalities using user studies and experiments with real-time deepfake models. Results show that people often struggle to distinguish real-time deepfakes from authentic media, while DF-CAPTCHA substantially improves detection performance over passive methods, reaching high accuracy in both modalities. These findings suggest that active challenge-based verification is a practical and robust defense against next-generation social engineering attacks based on real-time deepfakes.