Web Agents

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6 papers in the last four weeks, up 20% on the four weeks before. 0.1% of all new papers.

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  1. CLIFT: Conformal Self-Verification for Web Agent Training and Test-Time Scaling

    Oct 5, 2026Yifan Zhang, Yutong Dai, Viraj Prabhu +3Web Agents

    Salesforce AI Research

  2. Auditing Web Agent Evaluation on WebArena-Lite: Human Review of Outcomes and Trajectories

    Oct 1, 2026Chengguang Gan, Zimeng He, Yoshihiro Tsujii +3Web AgentsAgentic Evaluations

    Techtouch, Inc. · Institute of Science Tokyo

  3. WebPageBench: Event-Level Verification and Controlled UI-Variant Generation for Web Agents

    Sep 28, 2026Anton Emelyanov, Maria Tikhonova, Zaven Martirosian +2Web AgentsWeb

    DAIMLD · HSE University · NUST MISIS

  4. Before Acting, Change the State: Prospective State Intervention for Web Agents under Deceptive Interfaces

    Sep 28, 2026Ruozhao Yang, Mingfei Cheng, Xiaofei XieWeb AgentsAgentic Deployments

    School of Computing and Information Systems Singapore Management University Singapore 188065

  5. AX is the New AEO

    Sep 28, 2026Ido Finder, Assaf Elovic, Gad Shalev +1Agentic SearchWeb Agents

    ora research

  6. Guides That Cause Actions: An Offline Study of Guide-Action Mutual Reinforcement in Multimodal Web Agents

    Sep 23, 2026Chengguang Gan, Yunhao Liang, QingHao Zhang +1Web AgentsGuidance

    Independent Researcher

  7. EconSkills: Studying Skill Transfer and Retrieval for Web Agents on Live Economic Data

    Sep 17, 2026Yinzhu Quan, Zefang LiuEconomiesWeb Agents

    Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA, USA · Capital One San Jose, CA, USA

  8. Monitoring Web Agents Without Internal Signals: Observable Trajectories and Key-Step Supervision

    Sep 2, 2026Sitong Pan, Yipeng Shen, Yilin Lu +3Web AgentsEarly Failure Prediction

    University of Minnesota · 2Purdue University · 3The Pennsylvania State University

  9. SIR: Self-improving Red-teaming for Compute Use Agents

    Aug 31, 2026Chen Xiong, Zhiyuan He, Pin-Yu Chen +2Indirect Prompt InjectionRed-Teaming

    The Chinese University of Hong Kong · IBM Research · University of Zagreb, FER & Radboud University +1

  10. Training Needs Trustworthy Worlds: Verified Synthetic Web Environments for Agent Learning

    Aug 22, 2026Chenghao Zhang, Yuxi Cheng, Saisai Hu +3Synthetic EnvironmentsWeb Agents

    University of Pennsylvania · Pace University · Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University

  11. SynWeaver: Website-Prior Task and Trajectory Co-Synthesis for Web Agents

    Aug 12, 2026Ruitao Wang, Yuwen Hao, Menglin YangWeb AgentsSynthetic Task

    Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou)

  12. MELLON - Multimodal Enhanced LLM for Online Navigation

    Aug 10, 2026Ruiyu Li, Haoyang Cai, Zhitong Guo +1Web AgentsMultimodal Large Language Models

    Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, United States.

  13. WebRider: Persona-Conditioned Intent Controllers for Live-Web Assistance

    Aug 7, 2026Zhi Li, Tao Zhou, Yeqing Li +2Web AgentsWeb

    University of California, Los Angeles · Google

  14. Routing Is Least Learnable Where It Is Most Valuable: Bounds on Representation Routing for Web Agents

    Aug 6, 2026Jiaming Wei, Zekun Wu, Adriano Koshiyama +1Web AgentsStrategic Agents

    University College London / Holistic AI · Holistic AI / University College London · Holistic AI +1

  15. Falsifiable Commitment Planning for Self-Correcting Web Agents

    Jul 27, 2026Guangyi Liu, Huan Zhao, Quanming YaoWeb AgentsLong-Horizon Agents

    1Tsinghua University · 2Noumena AI

  16. Designing Agent-Ready Websites for AI Web Agents: A Framework for Machine Readability, Actionability, and Decision Reliability

    Jul 13, 2026Said Elnaffar, Farzad RashidiWeb AgentsWeb

    Independent Researcher London, ON, Canada · UFR Informatique Université Paris Cité F-75013 Paris, France

  17. MAG: A Web-Agent Benchmark and Harness for Multimodal Action and Guide Generation

    Jul 11, 2026Chengguang Gan, Hanjun Wei, Yunhao Liang +3Web AgentsMultimodal Agents

    Independent Researcher · University of Chinese Academy of Sciences · Monash University +2

  18. WebSwarm: Recursive Multi-Agent Orchestration for Deep-and-Wide Web Search

    Jul 9, 2026Xiaoshuai Song, Liancheng Zhang, Kangzhi Zhao +8Web AgentsAgentic Search

    Gaoling School of Artificial Intelligence, Renmin University of China · Kuaishou Technology

  19. Prismata: Confining Cross-Site Prompt Injection in Web Agents

    Jul 9, 2026Corban Villa, Alp Eren Ozdarendeli, Sijun Tan +1Web AgentsUntrusted Content

    UC Berkeley

  20. DeepSearch-World: Self-Distillation for Deep Search Agents in a Verifiable Environment

    Jul 8, 2026Xinyu Geng, Xuanhua He, Sixiang Chen +7Search AgentsSelf-Improving Agents

    HKUST · Tencent · HKUST(GZ)

  21. WebRetriever: A Large-Scale Comprehensive Benchmark for Efficient Web Agent Evaluation

    Jul 7, 2026Wei Dong, Tianyu Fu, Zhe Yu +9Web AgentsEvaluation Benchmarks

    Mininglamp Technology · School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences · MAIS, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences

  22. Untrusted Content Masking for Web Agents with Security Guarantees

    Jul 6, 2026Kristina Nikolić, Egor Zverev, Javier Rando +3Untrusted ContentWeb Agents

    ISTA · Anthropic

  23. Ko-WideSearch: A Korean Breadth-Search Benchmark for Exhaustive Set Enumeration by Web Agents

    Jun 25, 2026Minbyul JeongSearch AlgorithmsWeb Agents

    Upstage AI

  24. Whose Agent Are You? Multi-Layer Fingerprinting and Attribution of Autonomous Web Agents

    Jun 18, 2026Dayeon Kang, Hyejun Jeong, Jade Sheffey +2Web AgentsArtificial Intelligence Detection

    UMass Amherst

  25. Beyond Static Endpoints: Tool Programs as an Interface for Flexible Agentic Web Services

    Jun 18, 2026Mugeng Liu, Shuoqi Li, Yixuan Zhang +1Tool InvocationAgentic Workflows

    School of Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing, China · School of Software & Microelectronics, Peking University, Beijing, China · Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University, Beijing, China

  26. Towards an Agent-First Web: Redesigning the Web for AI Agents

    Jun 17, 2026Eranga Bandara, Ross Gore, Ravi Mukkamala +18Web AgentsWeb

    Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA · Florida International University, USA · Deloitte & Touche LLP, USA +5

  27. When Web Agents Finish but Still Fail: Reproducible Triggers and Trace Diagnostics for Parallel Web Exploration

    Jun 16, 2026Aagam Sogani, Botao Rui, Swetha Vaidyanathan +3Web AgentsTraces

    University of Wisconsin–Madison, Madison, WI, USA.

  28. MIRAGE: Stealthy Visual Prompt Injection for Vulnerability Detection in Web Agents

    Jun 16, 2026Xuelong Dai, Jianyu Ma, Boyang Ma +3Web AgentsPrompt Engineering

  29. Who Pays the Price? Stakeholder-Centric Prompt Injection Benchmarking for Real-world Web Agents

    Jun 11, 2026Zihao Wang, Yiming Li, Yutong Wu +8Prompt-Injection DetectorsIndirect Prompt Injection

    Nanyang Technological University, Singapore · ST Engineering, Singapore · IBM Research, USA +1

  30. MemVenom: Triggered Poisoning of Multimodal Memories in Web Agents

    Jun 9, 2026Yv Zhang, Hao Sun, Hao Fang +5PoisoningMultimodal Memory

    1Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen · 2Peng Cheng Laboratory · 3Tianjin University +2

  31. WebChallenger: A Reliable and Efficient Generalist Web Agent

    Jun 9, 2026Jayoo Hwang, Xiaowen Zhang, Vedant PadwalWeb AgentsExploration

    ML Collective · Independent

  32. RunAgent SuperBrowser: A Theory of Autonomous Web Navigation Grounded in Human Browsing Behaviour

    Jun 8, 2026Radeen Mostafa, Sawradip SahaWeb AgentsBrowser Agent

    RunAgent AI

  33. M3^3Exam: Benchmarking Multimodal Memory for Realistic User-Agent Interactions

    Jun 5, 2026Zhengjun Huang, Wenxuan Liu, Zhoujin Tian +6Multimodal MemoryModalities

    The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology · Peng Cheng Laboratory · Beijing University of Chemical Technology +4

  34. Signal-Driven Observation for Long-Horizon Web Agents

    Jun 4, 2026Shubham Gaur, Ian LaneWeb AgentsLong-Horizon Agents

    Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA.

  35. SentinelBench: A Benchmark for Long-Running Monitoring Agents

    Jun 3, 2026Matheus Kunzler Maldaner, Adam Fourney, Amanda Swearngin +5Web Agents

    University of Florida · Microsoft Research, AI Frontiers

  36. Online Skill Learning for Web Agents via State-Grounded Dynamic Retrieval

    Jun 3, 2026Jiaxi Li, Ke Deng, Yun Wang +5Web AgentsSkills

    University of Georgia · Tencent America · New York University +1

  37. OpenWebRL: Demystifying Online Multi-turn Reinforcement Learning for Visual Web Agents

    Jun 1, 2026Rui Yang, Qianhui Wu, Yuxi Chen +7Web AgentsWeb

    UIUC · Microsoft

  38. "I Strongly Suspect This Website Is a Scam": Benchmarking PII Leakage and Detection without Defense in Autonomous Web Agents

    May 30, 2026Soham Roy, Sarthakbrata Halder, Arya Bharaty +5Web AgentsData Leakage

    KIIT Bhubaneshwar · 2BITS Pilani · 3Lam Research

  39. Does The Way You Plan Matter? An Empirical Study of Planning Representations for LLM Web Agents

    May 28, 2026Alejandra Zambrano, Sara Vera Marjanovic, Imene Kerboua +2Large Language Model PlanningWeb Agents

    Concordia University · Mila - Quebec AI Institute · University of Copenhagen +2

  40. Revisiting Observation Reduction for Web Agents: Comprehensive Evaluation with a Lightweight Framework

    May 28, 2026Masafumi Enomoto, Ryoma Obara, Haochen Zhang +1Web AgentsLLM Inference Optimization

    NEC Corporation

  41. GTA: Generating Long-Horizon Tasks for Web Agents at Scale

    May 28, 2026Tenghao Huang, Kung-Hsiang Huang, Prafulla Kumar Choubey +4Web AgentsAgentic Benchmarks

    University of Southern California · Salesforce AI Research · University of California, Davis

  42. VeriTrip: A Verifiable Benchmark for Travel Planning Agents over Unstructured Web Corpora

    May 27, 2026Yuting Xu, Jiayi Tian, Jian Liang +4Agentic BenchmarksWeb Agents

    Institute of Information Engineering, CAS · School of Cyber Security, UCAS · Amap, Alibaba Group +2

  43. PANDO: Efficient Multimodal AI Agents via Online Skill Distillation

    May 24, 2026Yubo Li, Yidi Miao, Yuntian Shen +1Multimodal AgentsWeb Agents

  44. VISTA: An End-to-End Benchmark for Visual Spec-to-Web-App Coding Agents

    May 22, 2026JunJia Guo, Yuhang Yao, Jiawei +2Web AgentsWeb

    Joe · University of Arizona · Zoom +1

  45. Weasel: Out-of-Domain Generalization for Web Agents via Importance-Diversity Data Selection

    May 19, 2026Fatemeh Pesaran Zadeh, Seyeon Choi, Xing Han Lù +2Web Agents

    Seoul National University · McGill University · Mila – Quebec AI Institute +1

  46. Skim: Speculative Execution for Fast and Efficient Web Agents

    May 15, 2026Mike Wong, Kevin Hsieh, Suman Nath +1Web AgentsWeb

    Princeton University · Princeton, USA · Microsoft Research +1

  47. WARD: Adversarially Robust Defense of Web Agents Against Prompt Injections

    May 14, 2026Tri Cao, Yulin Chen, Hieu Cao +8Indirect Prompt InjectionWeb Agents

    National University of Singapore · University of Science · Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City

  48. Web Agents Should Adopt the Plan-Then-Execute Paradigm

    May 14, 2026Julien Piet, Annabella Chow, Yiwei Hou +5Web AgentsWeb

    UC Berkeley

  49. IPI-proxy: An Intercepting Proxy for Red-Teaming Web-Browsing AI Agents Against Indirect Prompt Injection

    May 12, 2026Chia-Pei, Chen, Kentaroh Toyoda +2Indirect Prompt InjectionWeb Agents

    Janet · Vulcan Research, AIFT

  50. Can a Single Message Paralyze the AI Infrastructure? The Rise of AbO-DDoS Attacks through Targeted Mobius Injection

    May 12, 2026Zi Liang, Ronghua Li, Yanyun Wang +2Attacker Large Language ModelDistributed Denial-Of-Service

    The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China · HKUST (GZ), Guangzhou, China

  51. Don't Click That: Teaching Web Agents to Resist Deceptive Interfaces

    May 10, 2026Yilin Zhang, Yingkai Hua, Chunyu Wei +2Web AgentsDeception

    Renmin University of China · Ant Digital Technologies, Ant Group

  52. Region4Web: Rethinking Observation Space Granularity for Web Agents

    May 8, 2026Donguk Kwon, Dongha LeeWeb AgentsRegion

    Yonsei University

  53. Weblica: Scalable and Reproducible Training Environments for Visual Web Agents

    May 7, 2026Oğuzhan Fatih Kar, Roman Bachmann, Yuanzheng Gong +2Web AgentsWeb

    Apple

  54. BaRA: Budget-constrained and Reliable Web Data Collection Agent

    May 2, 2026Soojeong Lee, Joseph Lee, Yongseong Cho +3Web AgentsDiscovery

    Department of Statistics and Data Science, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea · Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI), Daejeon, Republic of Korea · HUSTLERS Corp., Seoul, Republic of Korea

  55. AutoSurfer -- Teaching Web Agents through Comprehensive Surfing, Learning, and Modeling

    Apr 29, 2026Fazle Elahi Faisal, Qianhui Wu, Baolin Peng +1Web AgentsStudent-Generated Trajectories

    Microsoft Research

  56. Web2BigTable: A Bi-Level Multi-Agent LLM System for Internet-Scale Information Search and Extraction

    Apr 29, 2026Yuxuan Huang, Yihang Chen, Zhiyuan He +6Agentic SearchWeb Agents

    University of Liverpool · University College London · Huawei Noah’s Ark Lab

  57. SnapGuard: Lightweight Prompt Injection Detection for Screenshot-Based Web Agents

    Apr 28, 2026Mengyao Du, Han Fang, Haokai Ma +4Prompt-Injection DetectorsIndirect Prompt Injection

    1National University of Defense Technology · University of Science and Technology of China · 3National University of Singapore +1

  58. DRIVE: Modeling Skills at the Reasoning and Interaction Levels for Web Agents under Continual Learning

    Apr 28, 2026Xirui Liu, Sihang Zhou, Yanning Hou +6Web AgentsInteraction Data

    College of Intelligence Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, Hunan, China · College of Computer Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, 410073, Hunan, China

  59. Odysseys: Benchmarking Web Agents on Realistic Long Horizon Tasks

    Apr 27, 2026Lawrence Keunho Jang, Jing Yu Koh, Daniel Fried +1Web AgentsLong-Horizon Task Planning

    Carnegie Mellon University

  60. Benchmarking Web Agent Safety under E-commerce Deceptive Interfaces

    Apr 26, 2026Zijing Shi, Meng Fang, Ling ChenWeb AgentsDeception

    AAII, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia · University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK