Conditional Diffusion Models

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Overview

Conditional diffusion models learn to generate samples from a distribution specified by inputs such as images, labels, text, measurements, or physical parameters. Common approaches inject conditions into U-Nets or diffusion transformers through cross-attention, adaptive normalization, ControlNet branches, or inpainting, while classifier-free guidance adjusts conditional influence during sampling. They are used for image and video editing, medical reconstruction, time-series forecasting, scientific simulation, and molecular or engineering design, with evaluation spanning fidelity, condition accuracy, uncertainty, and physical validity. A central challenge is balancing faithful control with diversity and realism while keeping sampling efficient and ensuring models generalize to unseen conditions or domains.

Latest papers

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279 papers32 papers in the last four weeks, up 23% on the four weeks before. 0.2% of all new papers.

  1. Bias-Constrained Diffusion Schedules for PDE Emulations: Reconstruction Error Minimization and Efficient Unrolled Training

    Apr 9, 2026Constantin Le Cleï, Nils Thuerey, Xiaoxiang ZhuDiffusion ModelsAutoregressive Diffusion

    Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.

  2. HistDiT: A Structure-Aware Latent Conditional Diffusion Model for High-Fidelity Virtual Staining in Histopathology

    Apr 9, 2026Aasim Bin Saleem, Amr Ahmed, Ardhendu Behera +5Virtual StainingComputational Pathology

    Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, L39 4QP, United Kingdom · University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Semenyih, Malaysia · University of Southampton Malaysia, 79100 Iskandar Puteri, Malaysia +1

  3. DiffVC: A Non-autoregressive Framework Based on Diffusion Model for Video Captioning

    Apr 9, 2026Junbo Wang, Liangyu Fu, Yuke Li +4Video CaptioningNon-Autoregressive Text Generation

    School of Software, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, China · School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710129, China · Beijing University Of Technology, Beijing 100124, China +1

  4. Improving Controllable Generation: Faster Training and Better Performance via x0x_0-Supervision

    Apr 7, 2026Amadou S. Sangare, Adrien Maglo, Mohamed Chaouch +1Controllable Image GenerationConditional Diffusion Models

    Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, List, F-91120, Palaiseau, France

  5. FastDiSS: Few-step Match Many-step Diffusion Language Model on Sequence-to-Sequence Generation--Full Version

    Apr 7, 2026Dat Nguyen-Cong, Tung Kieu, Hoang Thanh-TungDiffusion Language Model InferenceContinuous Diffusion Language Models

    FPT Software AI Center, FPT Corporation · Department of Computer Science, Aalborg University, Denmark · Quantum AI and Cyber Security Institute, FPT Corporation

  6. Graph Signal Diffusion Models for Wireless Resource Allocation

    Apr 6, 2026Yigit Berkay Uslu, Samar Hadou, Shirin Saeedi Bidokhti +1Wireless Resource AllocationDiffusion Policy

    Dept. of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

  7. ML-based approach to classification and generation of structured light propagation in turbulent media

    Apr 4, 2026Aokun Wang, Anjali Nair, Zhongjian Wang +1Synthetic Data AugmentationConditional Diffusion Models

    Division of Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 21 Nanyang Link, 637371 Singapore · Committee on Computational and Applied Mathematics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA · Departments of Statistics and Mathematics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637 USA

  8. High-resolution probabilistic estimation of three-dimensional regional ocean dynamics from sparse surface observations

    Apr 3, 2026Niloofar Asefi, Tianning Wu, Ruoying He +1Conditional Diffusion Models

    Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA · Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA · Department of Applied Mathematics, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA

  9. Emotion Diffusion Classifier with Adaptive Margin Discrepancy Training for Facial Expression Recognition

    Mar 31, 2026Rongkang Dong, Cuixin Yang, Cong Zhang +2Adversarial RobustnessFacial Expression Recognition

    Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong · School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University

  10. FOSCU: Feasibility of Synthetic MRI Generation via Duo-Diffusion Models for Enhancement of 3D U-Nets in Hepatic Segmentation

    Mar 31, 2026Youngung Han, Kyeonghun Kim, Seoyoung Ju +8Medical Image SegmentationSynthetic Data Augmentation

    Seoul National University · OUTTA · Sangmyung University +4

  11. MR-ImagenTime: Multi-Resolution Time Series Generation through Dual Image Representations

    Mar 30, 2026Xianyong Xu, Yuanjun Zuo, Zhihong Huang +4Time Series ModelingTime Series Forecasting

    Department, State Grid Hunan Electric Power Company Limited Research Institute & Hunan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Electric Power Multimodal Perception and Edge Intelligence, Changsha, Hunan, China. · College of Computer Science, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan, China.

  12. Diffusion-Based Generative Priors for Efficient Beam Alignment in Directional Networks

    Mar 30, 2026Esraa Fahmy Othman, Lina Bariah, Merouane DebbahMillimeter-Wave CommunicationsWireless Communications

    Research Institute for Digital Future, Khalifa University, 127788 Abu Dhabi, UAE

  13. Gated Condition Injection without Multimodal Attention: Towards Controllable Linear-Attention Transformers

    Mar 29, 2026Yuhe Liu, Zhenxiong Tan, Yujia Hu +2Conditional Diffusion ModelsControllable Image Generation

    National University of Singapore · Shanghai Jiao Tong University

  14. Conditional Diffusion for 3D CT Volume Reconstruction from 2D X-rays

    Mar 27, 2026Martin Rath, Morteza Ghahremani, Yitong Li +33D ReconstructionMedical Image Synthesis

    Technical University of Munich (TUM), Germany · Munich Center for Machine Learning (MCML), Germany · University of Western Australia (UWA), Australia

  15. Climate Prompting: Generating the Madden-Julian Oscillation using Video Diffusion and Low-Dimensional Conditioning

    Mar 23, 2026Sulian Thual, Feiyang Cai, Jingjing Wang +1Climate ModelingConditional Diffusion Models

    School of Computing, 100 McAdams Hall, Clemson, SC, USA.

  16. MCLR: Improving Conditional Modeling via Inter-Class Likelihood-Ratio Maximization and Unifying Classifier-Free Guidance with Alignment Objectives

    Mar 23, 2026Xiang Li, Yixuan Jia, Xiao Li +3Conditional Diffusion ModelsDiffusion Model Alignment

    University of Michigan · Michigan State University

  17. Closed-form conditional diffusion models for data assimilation

    Mar 22, 2026Brianna Binder, Agnimitra Dasgupta, Assad OberaiData AssimilationConditional Diffusion Models

    Department of Aerospace & Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern California, 3650 McClintock Ave, Los Angeles, 90089, California, USA. · Optimization & Uncertainty Quantification, Sandia National Laboratories, 1450 Innovation Pkwy SE, Albuquerque, 87123, New Mexico, USA.

  18. TAFG-MAN: Timestep-Adaptive Frequency-Gated Latent Diffusion for Efficient and High-Quality Low-Dose CT Image Denoising

    Mar 21, 2026Tangtangfang Fang, Yang Jiao, Xiangjian He +2LDCT DenoisingDiffusion Models for Image Restoration

    University of Nottingham Ningbo China, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China

  19. mmWave-Diffusion:A Novel Framework for Respiration Sensing Using Observation-Anchored Conditional Diffusion Model

    Mar 21, 2026Yong Wang, Qifan Shen, Bao Zhang +4mmWave Radar SensingConditional Diffusion Models

    Key Laboratory of Underwater Acoustic Signal Processing of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China · Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, 211111, China

  20. Diffusion-Based Makeup Transfer with Facial Region-Aware Makeup Features

    Mar 20, 2026Zheng Gao, Debin Meng, Yunqi Miao +4Diffusion-Based Image EditingImage Style Transfer

    Queen Mary University of London · Huawei London Research Center

  21. Translating MRI to PET through Conditional Diffusion Models with Enhanced Pathology Awareness

    Mar 19, 2026Yitong Li, Igor Yakushev, Dennis M. Hedderich +1Medical Image SynthesisImage-to-Image Translation

    Lab for Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging, Institute for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine and Health, TUM Klinikum, Technical University of Munich (TUM), Munich, 81675, Germany · Munich Center for Machine Learning (MCML), Munich, Germany · Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine and Health, TUM Klinikum, Munich, 81675, Germany +1

  22. Recolour What Matters: Region-Aware Colour Editing via Token-Level Diffusion

    Mar 19, 2026Yuqi Yang, Dongliang Chang, Yijia Ling +2Image EditingDiffusion-Based Image Editing

    Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China · Beijing Key Laboratory of Multimodal Data Intelligent Perception and Governance, Beijing 100876, China

  23. A Hybrid Conditional Diffusion-DeepONet Framework for High-Fidelity Stress Prediction in Hyperelastic Materials

    Mar 18, 2026Purna Vindhya Kota, Meer Mehran Rashid, Somdatta Goswami +1Neural Surrogate ModelingHyperelasticity

    Department of Civil and Systems Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles Street, Baltimore, 21218, MD, USA

  24. Full waveform inversion method based on diffusion model

    Mar 18, 2026Caiyun Liu, Siyang Pei, Qingfeng Yu +1Inverse ProblemsDiffusion-Based Inverse Problems

    School of Information and Mathematics, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province 434023, China · School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei Province 434023, China

  25. SCALE:Scalable Conditional Atlas-Level Endpoint transport for virtual cell perturbation prediction

    Mar 18, 2026Shuizhou Chen, Lang Yu, Xueqin Lin +12Representation LearningSingle-Cell Perturbation Modeling

    1Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory

  26. Fractal Autoregressive Depth Estimation with Continuous Token Diffusion

    Mar 16, 2026Jinchang Zhang, Xinrou Kang, Guoyu LuDepth EstimationMonocular Depth Estimation

    Intelligent Vision and Sensing (IVS) Lab at SUNY Binghamton University

  27. PolyCrysDiff: Controllable Generation of Three-Dimensional Computable Polycrystalline Material Structures

    Mar 12, 2026Chi Chen, Tianle Jiang, Xiaodong Wei +1Materials ScienceComputational Materials Science

    Global College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, Shanghai, China. · Global Institute of Future Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, No.800 Dong Chuan Road, Shanghai, 200240, Shanghai, China.

  28. Continuous Diffusion Transformers for Designing Synthetic Regulatory Elements

    Mar 11, 2026Jonathan Liu, Kia GhodsMolecular GenerationDiffusion Transformer

    Department of Computer Science Princeton University

  29. Reviving ConvNeXt for Efficient Convolutional Diffusion Models

    Mar 10, 2026Taesung Kwon, Lorenzo Bianchi, Lennart Wittke +5Diffusion ModelsDiffusion Model Acceleration

    KAIST · ETH Zürich · ISTI-CNR +2

  30. Diffusion-Based Authentication of Copy Detection Patterns: A Multimodal Framework with Printer Signature Conditioning

    Mar 9, 2026Bolutife Atoki, Iuliia Tkachenko, Bertrand Kerautret +1Digital Image ForensicsImage Forgery Detection

    Universit´e Lumi`ere Lyon 2, CNRS, INSA Lyon, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1, LIRIS UMR5205, 69007 Lyon, France