Inference-Time Search

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10 papers in the last four weeks, up 11% on the four weeks before. 0.1% of all new papers.

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Energy-guided Recursive Model
Jul 11, 2026Yifei Zhao, Ying TangInference-Time Search Energy-Based Models
Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China · School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
Search, Fail, Recover: A Training Framework for Correction-Aware Reasoning
Jul 8, 2026Dmitry Beresnev, Vladimir Makharev, Roman Khalikov +2LLM Self-Correction Inference-Time Search
Innopolis University, Innopolis, Russia · AXXX, Moscow, Russia · Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
When Does In-Context Search Help? A Sampling-Complexity Theory of Reflection-Driven Reasoning
Jul 7, 2026Yotam Wolf, Noam Wies, Amnon ShashuaLLM Self-Correction Inference-Time Search
The Hebrew University
BFMT: Enhancing Search Capabilities of Tree Sampler via Bootstrap Flow-Map Tree
Jul 3, 2026Binglin Ji, Anindya Sarkar, Hengchang Lu +4Inference-Time Search Image Generation
Department of CSE, Washington University in St.Louis, USA · Department of Information Technology, Uppsala University, Sweden
Sampling Meets Interaction: Sequentially-Controlled Multi-Particle Flow-Maps for Efficient Inference-time Search
Jul 1, 2026Binglin Ji, Anindya Sarkar, Hengchang Lu +2Inference-Time Search Posterior Sampling
Department of CSE, Washington University in St.Louis, USA · Department of Information Technology, Uppsala University, Sweden
UC-Search: Risk-Aware Test-Time Search for Delayed Constrained Time-Series Control
Jun 24, 2026Xibai WangConstrained Motion Planning Inference-Time Search
NeuroQuant Labs Limited Hong Kong SAR, China
TTFT-Aware Graph Chain-of-Thought:Distance-Indexed Neural A* for Low-Hallucination Multi-Hop Medical Reasoning
Jun 22, 2026Bechir Dardouri, Kaïs Zhioua, Yassine MsaddakInference-Time Search LLM Hallucination Mitigation
Tanit Healthcare Technologies, Tunisia
Learning the ARTS of Search for Automated Discovery
Jun 20, 2026Gurusha Juneja, Arnav Kumar Jain, Deepak Nathani +2Inference-Time Search Automated Algorithm Discovery
University of California, Santa Barbara · Université de Montréal and Mila- Quebec AI Institute
A Verifiable Search Is Not a Learnable Chain-of-Thought
Jun 20, 2026Harsh PatelInference-Time Search Memorization in Language Models
Independent Researcher
Temporal Backtracking Search for Test-time Generative Video Reasoning
Jun 11, 2026Sejoon Jun, Zheng Ding, Huangyuan Su +2Inference-Time Search Test-Time Scaling
Northeastern University · Independent Researcher · Harvard & Kempner +1
Evoflux: Inference-Time Evolution of Executable Tool Workflows for Compact Agents
Jun 10, 2026Kushal Raj Bhandari, Ling Yue, Ching-Yun Ko +4Inference-Time Search LLM Agent Workflow Optimization
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180 USA · IBM Research, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598 USA
TreeSeeker: Tree-Structured Trial, Error, and Return in Deep Search
Jun 10, 2026Zhuofan Shi, Mingzhe Ma, Lu Wang +8Inference-Time Search Exploration-Exploitation Tradeoff
1Microsoft · 2East China Normal University
ChronoForest: Closed-Loop Multi-Tree Diffusion Planning for Efficient Bridge Search and Route Composition
Jun 4, 2026Jungmin Seo, Jaesik ParkInference-Time Search Diffusion-Based Planning
Seoul National University Seoul, South Korea
Step-by-Step Optimization-like Reasoning in LLMs over Expanding Search Spaces
Jun 3, 2026Nicolás Astorga, Nabeel Seedat, Mihaela van der SchaarInference-Time Search Large Language Model-Guided Optimization
University of Cambridge
Off-the-Shelf LLMs as Process Scorers: Training-Free Alternative to PRMs for Mathematical Reasoning
Jun 1, 2026Atoosa Chegini, Soheil FeiziNumerical Reasoning in Language Models Inference-Time Search
Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland
Efficient Test-time Inference for Generative Planning Models with OCL Search
May 30, 2026Robert Gieselmann, Mihai Samson, Federico Pecora +1Inference-Time Search Efficient Inference
1Amazon · 2Work done while at Amazon.
LinTree: Improving LLM Reasoning with Explicitly Structured Search Histories
May 29, 2026Liwei Kang, Yee Whye Teh, Wee Sun LeeInference-Time Search Tree of Thoughts
National University of Singapore · University of Oxford
Automating Formal Verification with Reinforcement Learning and Recursive Inference
May 29, 2026Max TanRL for Code Generation Inference-Time Search
Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science · Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Structure-Induced Information for Rerooting Levin Tree Search
May 28, 2026Jake Tuero, Michael Buro, Laurent Orseau +1Inference-Time Search Tree Search
Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada. · Alberta Machine Intelligence Institute (Amii), Edmonton, Canada. · Google DeepMind, London, United Kingdom.
Tree of Thoughts as a Classical Heuristic Search Problem: Formal Foundations and Design Patterns
May 27, 2026Guni SharonInference-Time Search Tree of Thoughts
Texas A&M University
When Does Memory Help Multi-Trajectory Inference for Tool-Use LLM Agents?
May 27, 2026Xinzhe Li, Yaguang TaoInference-Time Search LLM Agent Memory
RMIT University
Share More, Search Less: Collaborative Parallel Thinking for Efficient Test-Time Scaling
May 26, 2026Xinglin Wang, Hao Lin, Shaoxiong Feng +9Inference-Time Search Test-Time Scaling
School of Computer Science, Beijing Institute of Technology · Xiaohongshu Inc
Keep the Proof State Live: Snapshotting for Efficient Tactic Search in Lean 4
May 25, 2026Austin Shen, Yunong ShiInference-Time Search Automated Theorem Proving
University of Michigan · Amazon Web Services
Boosting Inference with Guided Reasoning: Stochastic Exploration for Recursive Models
May 24, 2026Andrew Corbett, Archit Sood, Anna Tzatzopoulou +2Inference-Time Search Structured Reasoning
digiLab, UK · University of Bristol, UK
ArborKV: Structure-Aware KV Cache Management for Scaling Tree-based LLM Reasoning
May 21, 2026Yeqiu Chen, Ziyan Liu, Zhenxin Huang +3Inference-Time Search Tree of Thoughts
University of Science and Technology of China
Beyond Fixed Budgets: Characterizing the Inelasticity and Limitations of Tree-of-Thought Reasoning Strategies
May 19, 2026Atkia Mahila, Avinash Maurya, M. Mustafa Rafique +1LLM Evaluation Inference-Time Search
Rochester Institute of Technology Rochester, USA · Argonne National Laboratory Lemont, USA
Protein Thoughts: Interpretable Reasoning with Tree of Thoughts and Embedding-Space Flow Matching for Protein-Protein Interaction Discovery
May 19, 2026Kingsley Yeon, Xuefeng Liu, Promit GhosalInference-Time Search Tree of Thoughts
Department of Statistics and CCAM University of Chicago Chicago, IL 60637 · School of Medicine Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305 · Department of Statistics University of Chicago Chicago, IL 60637
Adaptive Generate-Rank-Verify: Inference-Time Search with Costly Verification
May 17, 2026Shaddin Dughmi, Mahdi Haghifam, Yusuf Hakan KalayciAdaptive Inference Inference-Time Search
University of Southern California · Data Science Institute at the University of Chicago · Northwestern University +2
FML-bench: A Controlled Study of AI Research Agent Strategies from the Perspective of Search Dynamics
May 17, 2026Qiran Zou, Hou Hei Lam, Wenhao Zhao +11AI Agents for Scientific Discovery Inference-Time Search
National University of Singapore · Tsinghua University · University of Minnesota +2
R^2-Mem: Reflective Experience for Memory Search
May 13, 2026Xinyuan Wang, Wenyu Mao, Junkang Wu +2Inference-Time Search LLM Agent Memory
University of Science and Technology of China

Jul 11, 2026, cs.LGJ/K move · Enter open · S save

Energy-guided Recursive Model

Yifei Zhao, Ying Tang

Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China · School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China

Inference-Time Search Energy-Based Models Language Modeling Algorithmic Reasoning Inference-Time Guidance Recursive Language Models

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Recursive models show promise on reasoning and language tasks, yet their test-time scaling lacks a principled criterion for selecting trajectories or determining recurrent depth. We introduce \textbf{Energy-guided Recursive Model (ERM)}, which uses Hopfield-type memories of valid local and global structures to assign intrinsic energies to candidate trajectories. These energies guide candidate selection and suggest an effective range of recurrent depths, implying that deeper recurrence does not necessarily improve reasoning accuracy. They also enable sampling methods such as parallel tempering to improve exploration. For reasoning tasks, ERM achieves optimal solutions on Sudoku (

98.97\%

), Pencil Puzzle Bench (PPBench,

88.04\%

) and Maze (

99.30\%

), reaching the best accuracy in recursive modeling. On language modeling, ERM reduces RedPajama-V2 perplexity by

1.74\%

with marginal inference overhead. The results support energy guidance as a practical framework for improving test-time scaling in recursive models.

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