Inference-Time Search

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10 papers in the last four weeks, up 11% on the four weeks before. 0.1% of all new papers.

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  1. DiMOS: Doob-Guided Inference-Time Multi-Objective Search for Scientific Design

    Oct 5, 2026Ziqing Wang, Qijie Zhu, Weimin Wu +4Masked Diffusion ModelsInference-Time Search

    Northwestern University

  2. Blackboard Intelligence Can Surpass Autoregressive on Globally Constrained Problems

    Sep 30, 2026Woosang Jeon, Jaeyeon Kim, Sham Kakade +6Inference-Time SearchCombinatorial Optimization

    Seoul National University · Harvard University · University of Central Florida

  3. Provable Test-Time Scaling for Beam Search in LLM Reasoning

    Sep 29, 2026Qijia He, Yu Huang, Yuan Cheng +2Inference-Time SearchTest-Time Scaling

    The Ohio State University · University of Pennsylvania · National University of Singapore

  4. Canopy: Exploiting Piecewise Smooth Tree Priors for Multi-Fidelity Bandits

    Sep 24, 2026Michael Jerge, Suman JanaMulti-Fidelity OptimizationMulti-Armed Bandits

    Amazon · Columbia University

  5. Direct Optimization of Generators for Search in Automated Theorem Proving

    Sep 22, 2026Adam Ousherovitch, Ambuj TewariInference-Time SearchAutomated Theorem Proving

    Department of Statistics University of Michigan

  6. Hill Sampling for Test-Time Scaling: A Simple and Better Alternative to Repeated Sampling, Evolution, and Training

    Sep 22, 2026Jacob Beck, Philip V. Ogren, Ari KobrenInference-Time SearchEvolution Strategies

    Oracle

  7. Self Improvement via Fast Tree-search

    Sep 17, 2026Xinghong Fu, Aravinth Kulanthaivelu, Yutaro YamadaInference-Time SearchAI Coding Agents

    Massachusetts Institute of Technology · Sakana AI

  8. Stellar Colosseum: A Many-Agent Harness for Long-Horizon Research in Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science

    Sep 14, 2026Honghao Lin, David P. Woodruff, Yuan Deng +3Inference-Time SearchAutomated Theorem Proving

    1Google Research. · 2Carnegie Mellon University.

  9. GraphAHA: Graph-Based Adaptive Search with Heterogeneous Actions for Test-Time Code Generation

    Sep 14, 2026Xitao Li, Haijun Wang, Gege Yuan +4Inference-Time SearchTest-Time Scaling

    Xi’an Jiaotong University · Singapore Management University

  10. Sampling via Decision-Flow: Training-Free Extraction of Improved Latent Reasoning Paths in Large Language Models

    Sep 14, 2026Zhendong Mi, Shaoyi HuangInference-Time SearchLLM Inference

    Stevens Institute of Technology

  11. Rethinking Indirect Prompt Injection as a Test-Time Search Problem

    Sep 7, 2026Duong M. Nguyen, Joon Sik Kim, Blazej Manczak +1Inference-Time SearchAI Agent Security

    Dynamo AI · University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

  12. Explore Before Committing: Hypothesis-Guided Search for Deep Research Agents

    Sep 1, 2026Ruochen Zhou, Zhengyu Chen, Luan Zhang +3Inference-Time SearchDeep Research Agents

    City University of Hong Kong · Meituan · Independent +1

  13. From Base Rollouts to RL Reasoning: A Budgeted Search Perspective

    Sep 1, 2026Wenhe Sun, Cunxiang Wang, Zijun Yao +1Inference-Time SearchRL for Language Model Reasoning

    1Fudan University · 2Zhipu AI · 3Tsinghua University +1

  14. Escaping Reasoning Basin Collapse with History-Biased Search

    Sep 1, 2026Lu ChengInference-Time SearchReasoning Diversity

    Department of Computer Science University of Illinois Chicago Chicago, IL 60607

  15. When LLM Meets Tree Search: A Systematic View of Inference as Search in Large Language Models

    Aug 31, 2026Jiaqi Wei, Xiang Zhang, Yuejin Yang +10Inference-Time SearchInference-Time Scaling

    1Zhejiang University · 2Shanghai AI Laboratory · 4Fudan University +3

  16. Mitigating Over-Optimization in PRM-Guided Search in Mathematical Reasoning by Optimizing the Guide

    Aug 30, 2026Taejong Joo, Diego KlabjanInference-Time SearchProcess Reward Models

    Department of Industrial Engineering & Management Sciences Northwestern University

  17. AtlasNav: Mitigating Evidence Blindness with Persistent Corpus Navigation

    Aug 25, 2026Hongyu Guo, Zhiyu Zheng, Minghao Hu +5Inference-Time SearchAgentic Retrieval

  18. TsuGO: Probing Search Efficiency in LLM Reasoning via Go Life-and-Death Problems

    Aug 13, 2026Shunwen Bai, Ziping Ma, Chaoyang Zhang +4LLM EvaluationInference-Time Search

    Zhejiang University · Ant Group · Central South University

  19. Recovering Wasted Compute in Autoresearch Agents

    Aug 11, 2026Au Kwok Chun, Abhigyan Acherjee, Amrutha Rao +4Inference-Time SearchAgent Harness Optimization

    Department of Computer Science, Columbia University · 2AI, Analytics and Future of Work Initiative, Georgetown University · Department of Applied Mathematics, Columbia University +3

  20. Consilience for Verifier-Free Test-Time Scaling

    Aug 10, 2026Lecheng Kong, Like Hui, Haitao Mao +1Inference-Time SearchTest-Time Scaling

    AWS AI Labs

  21. Idea Search: Guiding Tree Search with Ideas to Explore Diverse Scientific Methods

    Aug 9, 2026Xuefei Julie Wang, Hao Cui, Michael P. Brenner +1Inference-Time SearchAutomated Algorithm Discovery

    California Institute of Technology · *Work done during an internship at Google Research. · Google Research +1

  22. Thought-Level Beam Search for Reasoning

    Aug 8, 2026Lijie Yang, Hongyin Luo, Jiawei Zhao +2Inference-Time SearchEfficient Language Model Reasoning

    Princeton University · MIT CSAIL · Meta AI

  23. Advantage-Guided Gate: Reshaping Open-Ended Reasoning for Vision-Based Spatial Intelligence

    Aug 8, 2026Ling Lin, Yang Bai, Congcong Zhu +6Visual Spatial ReasoningInference-Time Search

    School of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230000, China · Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, USTC, Suzhou 215123, China · Institute of Advanced Intelligence and Computing (IAIC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore +4

  24. G-ReAct: Graph-Guided Deep Search via Structure-State Co-Evolution

    Aug 2, 2026Shaoxiong Yang, Mengyuan Zhang, Shaojun Lin +4Multi-Hop QAInference-Time Search

    MiLM Plus, Xiaomi Inc. · Huazhong University of Science and Technology

  25. Bridging Inference-Time Scaling and Episodic Memory with Action-Centric Graphs

    Jul 29, 2026Xu Zheng, Chaohao Lin, Zhuomin Chen +4Agent MemoryInference-Time Search

    Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA · Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA · NEC Laboratories America, Princeton, NJ, USA +1

  26. Budget-Aware LLM Discovery via Cost-Calibrated Frontier Utility

    Jul 29, 2026Yansen Zhang, Yilu Liu, Tianyu Liu +6Inference-Time SearchAutomated Algorithm Discovery

    International Digital Economy Academy (IDEA) · City University of Hong Kong · Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence (MBZUAI)

  27. Understanding Human-like Solutions in Combinatorial Optimization via Learning and Search

    Jul 26, 2026Haijiang Yan, Jian-Qiao Zhu, Liqiang Huang +1Traveling Salesperson ProblemInference-Time Search

    Department of Psychology, The University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom. · Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. · Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China. +2

  28. Anatomy of a Sound Neural Reasoner: One-Shot Amortization, First-Pass Poisoning, and Search Inertness in Clue-Rich Completion

    Jul 22, 2026Aleksey KomissarovInference-Time SearchStructured Reasoning

    Neapolis University, Pafos, Cyprus

  29. Constrained Path Reasoning: Measuring When Committed Stages Earn Their Cost

    Jul 19, 2026Honglin LiLLM Inference EfficiencyInference-Time Search

    ShanghaiTech University

  30. STAMP: Provenance-Guided Credit Assignment for Deep Search Agents

    Jul 13, 2026Ke Xu, Han Xu, Xinran Chen +6Inference-Time SearchStep-Level Credit Assignment in RL

    Baidu Inc. · Peking University

  31. Energy-guided Recursive Model

    Jul 11, 2026Yifei Zhao, Ying TangInference-Time SearchEnergy-Based Models

    Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China · School of Physics, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China

  32. Search, Fail, Recover: A Training Framework for Correction-Aware Reasoning

    Jul 8, 2026Dmitry Beresnev, Vladimir Makharev, Roman Khalikov +2LLM Self-CorrectionInference-Time Search

    Innopolis University, Innopolis, Russia · AXXX, Moscow, Russia · Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia

  33. When Does In-Context Search Help? A Sampling-Complexity Theory of Reflection-Driven Reasoning

    Jul 7, 2026Yotam Wolf, Noam Wies, Amnon ShashuaLLM Self-CorrectionInference-Time Search

    The Hebrew University

  34. BFMT: Enhancing Search Capabilities of Tree Sampler via Bootstrap Flow-Map Tree

    Jul 3, 2026Binglin Ji, Anindya Sarkar, Hengchang Lu +4Inference-Time SearchImage Generation

    Department of CSE, Washington University in St.Louis, USA · Department of Information Technology, Uppsala University, Sweden

  35. Sampling Meets Interaction: Sequentially-Controlled Multi-Particle Flow-Maps for Efficient Inference-time Search

    Jul 1, 2026Binglin Ji, Anindya Sarkar, Hengchang Lu +2Inference-Time SearchPosterior Sampling

    Department of CSE, Washington University in St.Louis, USA · Department of Information Technology, Uppsala University, Sweden

  36. UC-Search: Risk-Aware Test-Time Search for Delayed Constrained Time-Series Control

    Jun 24, 2026Xibai WangConstrained Motion PlanningInference-Time Search

    NeuroQuant Labs Limited Hong Kong SAR, China

  37. TTFT-Aware Graph Chain-of-Thought:Distance-Indexed Neural A* for Low-Hallucination Multi-Hop Medical Reasoning

    Jun 22, 2026Bechir Dardouri, Kaïs Zhioua, Yassine MsaddakInference-Time SearchLLM Hallucination Mitigation

    Tanit Healthcare Technologies, Tunisia

  38. Learning the ARTS of Search for Automated Discovery

    Jun 20, 2026Gurusha Juneja, Arnav Kumar Jain, Deepak Nathani +2Inference-Time SearchAutomated Algorithm Discovery

    University of California, Santa Barbara · Université de Montréal and Mila- Quebec AI Institute

  39. A Verifiable Search Is Not a Learnable Chain-of-Thought

    Jun 20, 2026Harsh PatelInference-Time SearchMemorization in Language Models

    Independent Researcher

  40. Temporal Backtracking Search for Test-time Generative Video Reasoning

    Jun 11, 2026Sejoon Jun, Zheng Ding, Huangyuan Su +2Inference-Time SearchTest-Time Scaling

    Northeastern University · Independent Researcher · Harvard & Kempner +1

  41. Evoflux: Inference-Time Evolution of Executable Tool Workflows for Compact Agents

    Jun 10, 2026Kushal Raj Bhandari, Ling Yue, Ching-Yun Ko +4Inference-Time SearchLLM Agent Workflow Optimization

    Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180 USA · IBM Research, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598 USA

  42. TreeSeeker: Tree-Structured Trial, Error, and Return in Deep Search

    Jun 10, 2026Zhuofan Shi, Mingzhe Ma, Lu Wang +8Inference-Time SearchExploration-Exploitation Tradeoff

    1Microsoft · 2East China Normal University

  43. ChronoForest: Closed-Loop Multi-Tree Diffusion Planning for Efficient Bridge Search and Route Composition

    Jun 4, 2026Jungmin Seo, Jaesik ParkInference-Time SearchDiffusion-Based Planning

    Seoul National University Seoul, South Korea

  44. Step-by-Step Optimization-like Reasoning in LLMs over Expanding Search Spaces

    Jun 3, 2026Nicolás Astorga, Nabeel Seedat, Mihaela van der SchaarInference-Time SearchLarge Language Model-Guided Optimization

    University of Cambridge

  45. Off-the-Shelf LLMs as Process Scorers: Training-Free Alternative to PRMs for Mathematical Reasoning

    Jun 1, 2026Atoosa Chegini, Soheil FeiziNumerical Reasoning in Language ModelsInference-Time Search

    Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland

  46. Efficient Test-time Inference for Generative Planning Models with OCL Search

    May 30, 2026Robert Gieselmann, Mihai Samson, Federico Pecora +1Inference-Time SearchEfficient Inference

    1Amazon · 2Work done while at Amazon.

  47. LinTree: Improving LLM Reasoning with Explicitly Structured Search Histories

    May 29, 2026Liwei Kang, Yee Whye Teh, Wee Sun LeeInference-Time SearchTree of Thoughts

    National University of Singapore · University of Oxford

  48. Automating Formal Verification with Reinforcement Learning and Recursive Inference

    May 29, 2026Max TanRL for Code GenerationInference-Time Search

    Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science · Massachusetts Institute of Technology

  49. Structure-Induced Information for Rerooting Levin Tree Search

    May 28, 2026Jake Tuero, Michael Buro, Laurent Orseau +1Inference-Time SearchTree Search

    Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada. · Alberta Machine Intelligence Institute (Amii), Edmonton, Canada. · Google DeepMind, London, United Kingdom.

  50. Tree of Thoughts as a Classical Heuristic Search Problem: Formal Foundations and Design Patterns

    May 27, 2026Guni SharonInference-Time SearchTree of Thoughts

    Texas A&M University

  51. When Does Memory Help Multi-Trajectory Inference for Tool-Use LLM Agents?

    May 27, 2026Xinzhe Li, Yaguang TaoInference-Time SearchLLM Agent Memory

    RMIT University

  52. Share More, Search Less: Collaborative Parallel Thinking for Efficient Test-Time Scaling

    May 26, 2026Xinglin Wang, Hao Lin, Shaoxiong Feng +9Inference-Time SearchTest-Time Scaling

    School of Computer Science, Beijing Institute of Technology · Xiaohongshu Inc

  53. Keep the Proof State Live: Snapshotting for Efficient Tactic Search in Lean 4

    May 25, 2026Austin Shen, Yunong ShiInference-Time SearchAutomated Theorem Proving

    University of Michigan · Amazon Web Services

  54. Boosting Inference with Guided Reasoning: Stochastic Exploration for Recursive Models

    May 24, 2026Andrew Corbett, Archit Sood, Anna Tzatzopoulou +2Inference-Time SearchStructured Reasoning

    digiLab, UK · University of Bristol, UK

  55. ArborKV: Structure-Aware KV Cache Management for Scaling Tree-based LLM Reasoning

    May 21, 2026Yeqiu Chen, Ziyan Liu, Zhenxin Huang +3Inference-Time SearchTree of Thoughts

    University of Science and Technology of China

  56. Beyond Fixed Budgets: Characterizing the Inelasticity and Limitations of Tree-of-Thought Reasoning Strategies

    May 19, 2026Atkia Mahila, Avinash Maurya, M. Mustafa Rafique +1LLM EvaluationInference-Time Search

    Rochester Institute of Technology Rochester, USA · Argonne National Laboratory Lemont, USA

  57. Protein Thoughts: Interpretable Reasoning with Tree of Thoughts and Embedding-Space Flow Matching for Protein-Protein Interaction Discovery

    May 19, 2026Kingsley Yeon, Xuefeng Liu, Promit GhosalInference-Time SearchTree of Thoughts

    Department of Statistics and CCAM University of Chicago Chicago, IL 60637 · School of Medicine Stanford University Stanford, CA 94305 · Department of Statistics University of Chicago Chicago, IL 60637

  58. Adaptive Generate-Rank-Verify: Inference-Time Search with Costly Verification

    May 17, 2026Shaddin Dughmi, Mahdi Haghifam, Yusuf Hakan KalayciAdaptive InferenceInference-Time Search

    University of Southern California · Data Science Institute at the University of Chicago · Northwestern University +2

  59. FML-bench: A Controlled Study of AI Research Agent Strategies from the Perspective of Search Dynamics

    May 17, 2026Qiran Zou, Hou Hei Lam, Wenhao Zhao +11AI Agents for Scientific DiscoveryInference-Time Search

    National University of Singapore · Tsinghua University · University of Minnesota +2

  60. R^2-Mem: Reflective Experience for Memory Search

    May 13, 2026Xinyuan Wang, Wenyu Mao, Junkang Wu +2Inference-Time SearchLLM Agent Memory

    University of Science and Technology of China