Long-Tailed Classification

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Overview

Long-tailed classification addresses the tendency of models trained on imbalanced data to favor common classes and miss rare but important ones. Methods include class reweighting and logit adjustment, balanced or progressive sampling, classifier retraining, contrastive and prototype-based representation learning, and synthetic data augmentation. Research spans image recognition, medical multi-label diagnosis, text, and semi-supervised learning, with evaluation increasingly examining tail-class recall, calibration, subgroup fairness, and performance under domain shift. A central tension is improving rare-class recognition without sacrificing overall accuracy or overfitting scarce examples; no single approach works best across all data and settings.

Latest papers

CardsList

55 papers6 papers in the last four weeks, level with the four weeks before. 0.0% of all new papers.

  1. Full Collapse Is Suboptimal: Controlled Partial Neural Collapse for Long-Tailed Recognition

    Oct 27, 2026Hyeontaek Hwang, Cheonghwan Hur, Daeyoung KimLong-Tailed ClassificationNeural Collapse

    KAIST · RTST Inc.

  2. Shortcut-Resistant CAM Distillation for Long-Tailed Recognition

    Oct 21, 2026Wenhai Wan, Teng Zhang, Shao-Yuan Li +3Long-Tailed ClassificationShortcut Learning

    National Engineering Research Center for Big Data Technology and System · School of Computer Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China · MIIT Key Laboratory of Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence +4

  3. CILA: Confusion-based Instance-wise Logit Adjustment for Long-Tailed Recognition

    Oct 20, 2026Jiyoung Lim, Jee-Hyong LeeClass-Imbalanced LearningLong-Tailed Classification

    Sungkyunkwan University

  4. Using Set Learning to Improve Set-Valued Classifiers on Long-tailed Data

    Oct 20, 2026Kevin Kasa, Scott C. Lowe, Graham W. TaylorSet-Valued PredictionClass-Imbalanced Learning

    University of Guelph · Vector Institute

  5. Cross-Prompt Inference Mitigates Rare-Class Suppression in Imbalanced VLM Finetuning

    Oct 15, 2026Emanuel Ben Baruch, Sivan Biham, Alon Shoshan +2VLM InferenceVLM Adaptation

    Amazon

  6. Where Does the Semantic Gain Come From? A Reproduction and Extension of Semantic Knowledge-driven Contrastive Learning for Long-Tailed Recognition

    Oct 2, 2026Sushrut GhimireContrastive LearningLong-Tailed Classification

    Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Germany

  7. OFBD: Object-Focused Background Debiasing for Long-Tailed Learning

    Sep 29, 2026Shenghan Chen, Yiming Liu, Zhipeng Deng +6Long-Tailed ClassificationLong-Tail Learning

    Westlake University, Hangzhou, China · Shandong University, Jinan, China · Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan +1

  8. Med-AR: Autoregressive Vision-Language Pretraining for Long-Tailed Chest X-Ray Classification and Uncertainty-Aware Evaluation

    Sep 24, 2026Janhavi Prabhu, Sahil, Akshay V +3Long-Tailed ClassificationChest X-Ray Classification

    Qure.ai, Bangalore, India

  9. Rethinking Class Imbalance for Single-Cell Foundation Models: A Systematic Benchmark Across Architectures and Long-Tail Loss Functions

    Sep 20, 2026Zeyu Dong, Jiahui ZhongClass-Imbalanced LearningLong-Tailed Classification

  10. Mini-batch Sampling Strategies for Long-Tailed Image Classification: An Empirical Study on CIFAR-100-LT

    Sep 14, 2026Siyu YuanLong-Tailed ClassificationAdaptive Sampling

    School of Mathematics, University of Bristol

  11. MPT: Missing Prototype Tracking via Barycentric Reconstruction in Vehicular Federated Learning

    Sep 11, 2026Hanju Jang, Gyeongmin Han, Sungmin Lee +3Long-Tailed ClassificationFederated Learning

    Yonsei University · Toyota Motor Corporation

  12. VICAL: Vicinal Consistency Alignment for Long-Tailed Visual Recognition

    Sep 4, 2026Jiangang Zhu, Zheng Wang, Bin Zhu +2Long-Tailed ClassificationEnsemble Learning

    Institute of Trustworthy Embodied AI, Fudan University, Shanghai, China · Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multimodal Embodied AI, Shanghai, China · Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China +2

  13. CoLa-ICD: A Knowledge-Enhanced Framework for Long-Tail Automated Medical Coding

    Aug 31, 2026Yihang Cheng, Veronica Liesaputra, Andrew TrotmanLong-Tailed ClassificationMulti-Label Classification

    University of Otago · Dunedin, New Zealand

  14. ROBE: Reversed-Order-Biased-Experts for Extracting Extreme Long-tail Events from Historical Texts

    Aug 25, 2026Stella Verkijk, Piek VossenLong-Tailed ClassificationEvent Extraction

    Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam · Huygens Instituut

  15. Geometric Regularization for Long-Tailed Semi-Supervised Learning via Gaussian Feature Bridges

    Aug 21, 2026Hongyang He, Xinyuan Song, Yan Zhong +4Semi-Supervised LearningLong-Tailed Classification

    University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom · Wuhan University, Wuhan, China · Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA +2

  16. DeCo-MIL: Debiased Counterfactual Reasoning for Long-Tailed Whole Slide Image Analysis

    Aug 12, 2026Xiaoxiao Li, Xitong Ling, Jiawen Li +6Whole-Slide Image AnalysisLong-Tailed Classification

    Tsinghua University · The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen

  17. CLEAR: Class-wise Expert Aggregation with Structured Sampling for Long-Tailed Classification

    Aug 11, 2026Gawon LimLong-Tailed ClassificationEnsemble Learning

    School of Information Sciences University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

  18. Confusion-Geometry Rebalancing for Long-Tailed Adversarial Training

    Aug 10, 2026Mengnan Zhao, Geyong Min, Lihe Zhang +2Adversarial TrainingLong-Tailed Classification

    School of Computer Science, Anhui University, China · Department of Computer Science, University of Exeter, UK · School of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, China +1

  19. Group-wise Supervision with Focal-Dice Loss for Long-Tailed Indoor Semantic Occupancy Prediction

    Jul 31, 2026Qi Zheng, Zihuang Su, Xiao PanLong-Tailed Classification3D Occupancy Prediction

    Guangdong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, College of Electronics and Information Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China

  20. Long-Tailed 3D Point Cloud Dataset Distillation

    Jul 29, 2026Jiahao You, Xu Han, Jinfeng Xu +1Long-Tailed ClassificationDataset Distillation

    Huazhong University of Science and Technology · Hunan University

  21. Beyond Static Costs: Learning-Dynamics Aware Loss Functions for Long-Tailed Classification

    Jul 28, 2026Varad Shinde, Nikhil Kumar Shrey, Magesh Rajasekaran +5Class-Imbalanced LearningLong-Tailed Classification

  22. EchoBridge: Long-Tail-Aware ECG-Echocardiography Text Alignment for Echocardiography-Derived Cardiac Findings

    Jul 27, 2026Xiaocheng Fang, Jieyi Cai, Guangkun Nie +9Long-Tailed ClassificationCross-Modal Alignment

    School of Intelligence Science and Technology, Peking University Beijing, China · State Key Laboratory of General Artificial Intelligence, Peking University · University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing, China +2

  23. Long-Tailed Medical Image Classification

    Jul 26, 2026Nathanael Ren, Saagar AryaClass-Imbalanced LearningLong-Tailed Classification

    Pratt School of Engineering Duke University Durham, NC 27708, USA

  24. Spectral-Aware Analytic Class-Incremental Learning for Long-Tailed Distributions

    Jul 24, 2026Quyen Tran, Hai Nguyen, Quan Dao +4Class-Incremental LearningSpectral Regularization

    1Rutgers University · 2Tuft University · 3HUST +1

  25. Generalised Balanced Softmax: A Finite-Data Perspective on Logit Adjustment for Long-Tailed Recognition

    Jul 24, 2026Yi-Hang Zhu, Rajeev Raman, Shiqi Su +4Class-Imbalanced LearningLong-Tailed Classification

    School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK · Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Leicester, Leicester, LE1 7RH, UK · Scientific Computing, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Didcot, OX11 0QX, UK +2

  26. Benchmarking NACTI Species Recognition in Long-Tailed Regimes

    Jul 20, 2026Zehua Liu, Tilo BurghardtLong-Tailed ClassificationOOD Generalization

    School of Computer Science, University of Bristol, MVB Woodland Rd, BS8 1UB, Bristol, UK

  27. Does generative AI supersede supervised XMLC? A Benchmark Study on Automated Subject Indexing with German Scientific Literature

    Jul 16, 2026Maximilian Kähler, Katja Konermann, Lisa Kluge +1Long-Tailed ClassificationMulti-Label Classification

    Deutsche Nationalbibliothek Leipzig/ Frankfurt am Main, Germany

  28. A Strong Balanced-Softmax Classifier-Retraining Baseline for Long-Tailed Recognition

    Jul 10, 2026Juan Terven, Diana Margarita Córdova Esparza, Julio Alejandro Romero Gonzalez +4Class-Imbalanced LearningLong-Tailed Classification

    CICATA Querétaro Instituto Politecnico Nacional Mexico · Facultad de Informática Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro Mexico

  29. Who Gets Missed in the Tail? Thresholded Subgroup Underdiagnosis in Long-Tailed Chest X-ray Classification

    Jul 4, 2026Ha-Hieu Pham, Hai-Dang Nguyen, Dang P. M. Cao +5Long-Tailed ClassificationChest X-Ray Classification

    University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam · Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam · VinUni-Illinois Smart Health Center, VinUniversity, Hanoi, Vietnam +3

  30. Self-Improving Diffusion Classifiers with Minority Preference Optimization

    Jul 4, 2026Hyunsoo Kim, Jungmyung Wi, Soobin Um +2Diffusion Model AlignmentLong-Tailed Classification

    1Korea University · 2Kook Min University · 3Kyung Hee University