Ordinal Regression
Overview
Ordinal regression studies prediction when labels have a meaningful order, such as disease stages, proficiency levels, or quality ratings, so confusing neighboring categories is usually less costly than making a distant error. Common approaches include cumulative-link and threshold-based models, ordinal-aware losses and soft-label distributions, and pairwise or contrastive methods that learn rank differences; newer work also incorporates hierarchy, multimodal features, and generative models. Applications span medical grading, age and image-quality estimation, speech assessment, and structured preference prediction, with evaluation often using mean absolute error, ranked probability scores, or quadratic weighted kappa alongside accuracy. A central challenge is that category order is known but the distances between levels and the uncertainty of labels often are not, making calibration, class imbalance, and transfer across datasets persistent concerns.
Latest papers
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