Semantic Segmentation

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Overview

Semantic segmentation predicts a category for each pixel, supporting applications such as autonomous driving, medical imaging, and remote sensing. Common approaches include CNN and vision-transformer encoders with multi-scale decoders, while foundation models, vision-language prompts, and diffusion features are increasingly adapted for dense prediction. To reduce annotation demands, researchers use weak or sparse labels, pseudo-labeling, synthetic data, few-shot learning, and domain adaptation; RGB-D, thermal, radar, and other sensors provide complementary cues. Key challenges are reliable transfer across domains and conditions, accurate boundaries and rare classes, and balancing accuracy with calibration and inference cost.

Latest papers

CardsList

416 papers33 papers in the last four weeks, down 20% on the four weeks before. 0.2% of all new papers.

  1. A 211K Parameter Foundation Model: Genetic Prompting in Neural Cellular Automata

    Oct 28, 2026John Kalkhof, Niklas Ihm, Daniel Kirste +1Medical Imaging Foundation ModelsZero-Shot Medical Image Segmentation

    Darmstadt University of Technology, Karolinenplatz 5, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany

  2. Effects of Deep Learning Architecture and Pretraining on Automated Vocal Fold Segmentation in Ex Vivo High-Speed Phonation Images

    Oct 27, 2026Varun Vinayak Kalaiarasan, Charles Farbos de Luzan, Khalid Malik +2Medical Image SegmentationSemantic Segmentation

    Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cincinnati · Department of Otolaryngology, University of Cincinnati · Department of Aerospace Engineering & Engineering Mechanics, University of Cincinnati

  3. HDVS: semi-supervised semantic segmentation via heterogeneous dual-branch voting supervision

    Oct 27, 2026Yongqi Shan, Yunzhi Zhuge, Huchuan LuSemantic SegmentationPseudo-Labeling

    School of Computer Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116081, China. · School of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116081, China.

  4. RePAIR: Inverting Backdoor Attacks in Semantic Segmentation

    Oct 27, 2026Arnold Brosch, Kira MaagBackdoor DefenseSemantic Segmentation

    Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf

  5. GarmentSegAgent: Autonomous Garment Segmentation for Web Fashion Images via Textual Self-Refinement

    Oct 27, 2026Jia Chen, Chao Huang, Xinrong Hu +3Text-Guided Image SegmentationSemantic Segmentation

    School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, China · Engineering Research Center of Hubei Province for Clothing Information, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan, China · Australian Institute for Machine Learning (AIML), Adelaide University, Adelaide, Australia

  6. FORESEE-MS: Toward Prospective Spatial Forecasting of Future Multiple Sclerosis Lesions from Baseline FLAIR MRI

    Oct 27, 2026Maryam Akhavan Aghdam, Sudip Mittal, Noorbakhsh Amiri Golilarz +1Spatiotemporal ForecastingLongitudinal Medical Image Analysis

    Department of Computer Science, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, USA

  7. S2^2-RL: Sample-Set Dual Reinforcement Learning for Generative Semantic Segmentation Dataset Distillation

    Oct 26, 2026Haoyu Wang, Fei Zhou, Qingqing Qiu +3Dataset DistillationDiffusion-Based Dataset Distillation

    Northwestern Polytechnical University · The Chinese University of Hong Kong · Zhejiang University +1

  8. Rethinking Data Imbalance in Class Incremental Surgical Instrument Segmentation

    Oct 26, 2026Shifang Zhao, Long Bai, Kun Yuan +8Semantic SegmentationMedical Image Segmentation

    Department of Electronic Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong · Chair for Computer Aided Medical Procedures, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany · University of Strasbourg, CNRS, INSERM, ICube, Strasbourg, France +2

  9. Accuracy and efficiency of compact foundation models for surface-water mapping during floods

    Oct 26, 2026Parastoo Farajpoor, Mohammadreza NarimaniFlood Inundation MappingGeospatial Foundation Models

    Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA

  10. FGD2HF: Frequency-guided Dual-domain Hypergraph Fusion for Semantic Segmentation

    Oct 26, 2026Xiaofan Yang, Wei Pan, Yubin Liu +3Semantic SegmentationEfficient Semantic Segmentation

    Harbin Institute of Technology, Xidazhi Street 92, Nangang Dist., Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China · Harbin Engineering University, Nantong Street 145, Nangang Dist., Harbin, 150001, Heilongjiang, China

  11. FreqPKC: Frequency-Aware PeakConv for Radar Semantic Segmentation

    Oct 24, 2026Yangyong Deng, Pengyu Zhang, Shaoqiu Song +2Semantic SegmentationMillimeter-Wave Radar

    College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hunan 410073, China.

  12. U-NeXt: General-purpose event detection for neonatal EEG

    Oct 23, 2026Robert Hogan, Sean R. Mathieson, Aurel Luca +4ElectroencephalographyEEG Seizure Detection

    CergenX Ltd, Cork, Ireland · INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, Ireland · Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, University College Cork, Ireland

  13. DriveOSS: Dataset and Benchmark for 3D Anomaly Segmentation and Open-set Semantic Segmentation in Autonomous Driving

    Oct 23, 2026Zhiran Yan, Savankumar Bhanderi, Sourabh Lolge +4Autonomous Driving DatasetsAutonomous Driving Benchmarks

    Technische Hochschule Ingolstadt · UCLA

  14. Polyp-VSSD: A Pre-trained Transformer with Local-Global Joint VSSD Decoding for Polyp Segmentation

    Oct 23, 2026Xiaobo Zhu, Shiwei Wu, Yu An +4Polyp SegmentationMedical Image Segmentation

    CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Beijing Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China · School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China · School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210094, China +2

  15. Supervision-Adaptive Curriculum and Guarded Anti-Curriculum Learning for Dense Prediction

    Oct 21, 2026Chunming He, Dingming Zhang, Fengyang Xiao +2Curriculum LearningDense Prediction

    Department of Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708 USA · Adobe Inc., San Jose, CA, USA

  16. Beyond the Frame: Redundancy, Not Trajectory, Carries the Privacy Leak in Video Unlearning

    Oct 20, 2026Kavyansh Tyagi, Paolo RussoMachine UnlearningSemantic Segmentation

  17. Efficient SAM3 Adaptation for Multi-Class Semantic Segmentation via Dense Competitive Representations

    Oct 20, 2026Wenbin Liao, Hao Zhu, Yike Ma +2Promptable Image SegmentationSemantic Segmentation

    Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Science · School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

  18. Real-Time Radar Semantic and Panoptic Scene Understanding

    Oct 19, 2026Santosh Parit, Julia Hindel, Rohit Mohan +4Autonomous Driving PerceptionPanoptic Segmentation

    University of Freiburg · University of Oxford

  19. CorrCLIPv2: Harnessing Unlabeled Images for Open-Vocabulary Semantic Segmentation

    Oct 17, 2026Dengke Zhang, Fagui Liu, Quan Tang +1Open-Vocabulary Semantic SegmentationSemantic Segmentation

    School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China. · Department of New Network, Pengcheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, 518000, China.

  20. ZeroDSS: Semantic Segmentation from Class Names Alone

    Oct 17, 2026Tian Ming, Marzi Heidari, Yuhong GuoSemantic SegmentationSynthetic Data Augmentation

    School of Computer Science, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada

  21. VesperMUSE: Multi-Modal Fusion Vision Transformer for Image Semantic Segmentation Under Diverse Light Conditions

    Oct 15, 2026Raul BalmezSemantic SegmentationMultimodal Sensor Fusion

    The University of Manchester, Department of Computer Science

  22. FuseAdapt: Parameter-Efficient Multimodal Fusion for Semantic Segmentation with Missing Modalities

    Oct 15, 2026Xin Zhang, Robby T. TanMultimodal Semantic SegmentationMultimodal Fusion

    National University of Singapore

  23. SCMerge: Spatial-Consistency-Aware Token Pair Merging for Efficient Semantic Segmentation

    Oct 15, 2026Junfeng Ren, Yi Gong, Yuan ZengVisual Token MergingEfficient ViTs

    Southern University of Science and Technology · Shenzhen Technology University

  24. Segment Where You Look: Attention as the Interface Between Language Models and Segmenters

    Oct 13, 2026Eslam Abdelrahman, Hamza Omar Alkaf, Yuheng Li +5Vision-Language ModelsReferring Expression Segmentation

    King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) · Adobe Research

  25. Multimodal Fusion of RGB and Complementary Modalities for Semantic Segmentation

    Oct 13, 2026Hu Cao, Yifeng Cheng, Mu He +3Multimodal Semantic SegmentationMultimodal Fusion

    School of Automation, Southeast University, Sipailou 2, Nanjing, 210096, China. · Chair of Robotics, Artificial Intelligence and Real-time Systems, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstraße 15, Munich, 85748, Germany.

  26. From Failure Prediction to Component Selection in Semantic Segmentation

    Oct 12, 2026Minhui Kang, Yiyao Zhang, Peizhe Long +3Selective PredictionSemantic Segmentation

    School of Power Engineering, Jiangxi Electric Vocational and Technical College, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China · College of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an, Shandong, China · College of Aviation Manufacturing Industry, Nanchang Hangkong University, Jingdezhen, Jiangxi, China

  27. Region Aware Squeeze-and-Excitation Networks for Image Segmentation

    Oct 10, 2026Jack Roberts, Praneeth Tummala, Kavi Sarna +1Channel AttentionImage Segmentation

    Department of Computer Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA · Department of Computer Science, Bowdoin College, Brunswick, ME, USA

  28. Deep Learning-based Semantic Segmentation of Dental Radiographs: Comparative Evaluation of PSPNet, DeepLabv3, UNet, and UNet++

    Oct 10, 2026Malithi Nawarathne, Nadeesha Herath Mudiyanselage Lihini SangeethaMedical Image SegmentationSemantic Segmentation

    Faculty of Computing, Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology, Sri Lanka · Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Finland · Computing Centre, Faculty of Engineering, University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka

  29. Domain Adaptation of SAM 2.1 for Building-Component Segmentation in Image-Based 3D Reconstruction

    Oct 8, 2026Ehsan Agha Ebrahimi, Yong-Cheol Lee, Keith G. MillsSemantic SegmentationSegment Anything Models

    LSU Dept. Const. Mgmt. · LSU Div. CS&E

  30. Stride Independent Patching for Deep Learning

    Oct 8, 2026Olivier RukundoImage SegmentationSemantic Segmentation

    Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering; University of Limerick