Sep 29, 2026, cs.LGJ/K move · Enter open · S save
Yinghao Cheng, Gengxiang Chen, Xu Liu, Qinglu Meng+5
College of Mechanical & Electrical Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China · School of Electronics, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom · School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom+3
Learning partial differential equation (PDE) dynamics across varying domains is central to predictive modelling and data-driven discovery of governing equations. However, geometric variation alters both field representation and the governing differential operators, confounding geometric effects with intrinsic physical properties in the observed dynamics. This work identifies geometry-physics confounding as a unified failure mechanism for PDE learning across varying domains. In forward operator learning, this confounding increases the burden of inferring geometry-dependent operator changes from finite data, reducing data efficiency and generalisation. In equation discovery, omitting geometry-induced operators misspecifies the candidate library, leading to biased parameters, missed governing terms and spurious terms. We propose a de-confounding framework that makes the known geometry-to-operator transformation explicit. Geometry-induced coefficient fields improve prediction and data efficiency across five operator-learning benchmarks, while geometry-complete candidate libraries recover the generating equations and reduce held-out PDE residuals by more than two orders of magnitude in both evolving-domain systems. By separating known geometric action from intrinsic physics, the proposed framework supports more reliable and data-efficient PDE learning across scientific and engineering problems with varying geometries.