RL for Language Models

RL: Reinforcement Learning

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36 papers in the last four weeks, up 71% on the four weeks before. 0.4% of all new papers.

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  1. Incentivizing Parametric Knowledge via Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards for Cross-Cultural Entity Translation

    Apr 18, 2026Jiang Zhou, Xiaohu Zhao, Xinwei Wu +8RL for Language ModelsFactual Knowledge in Language Models

    TJUNLP Lab, Tianjin University, China · Alibaba Group, China

  2. Debate as Reward: A Multi-Agent Reward System for Scientific Ideation via RL Post-Training

    Apr 17, 2026Moein Salimi, Babak Hosseini Mohtasham, Amin Aghakasiri +6Reward HackingRL for Language Models

    Sharif University of Technology · University of Tehran · Sharif University of Technology[cs.AI]

  3. Improving Heart-Focused Medical Question Answering in LLMs via Variance-Aware Rubric Rewards with GRPO

    Apr 17, 2026Arash Ahmadi, Parisa Masnadi, Sarah Sharif +3RL for Language ModelsHealthcare

    School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA · Intelligent Neuromorphic and Quantum Understanding for Innovative Research and Engineering (INQUIRE) Laboratory, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA · Data Science and Analytics Institute, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA +3

  4. Safety Training Modulates Harmful Misalignment Under On-Policy RL, But Direction Depends on Environment Design

    Apr 14, 2026Leon Eshuijs, Shihan Wang, Antske FokkensReward HackingRL for Language Models

    Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam · Utrecht University

  5. TensorHub: Scalable and Elastic Weight Transfer for LLM RL Training

    Apr 10, 2026Chenhao Ye, Huaizheng Zhang, Mingcong Han +11RL for Language ModelsCommunication-Efficient Distributed Training

    ByteDance Seed · University of Wisconsin–Madison

  6. Less Data Approximates More: Earning Faithful Confidence in High-Stakes Domains

    Apr 9, 2026Haokai Ma, Lee Yan Zhen, Gang Yang +4RL for Language ModelsReinforcement Learning

    National University of Singapore, Singapore · Singapore Management University, Singapore

  7. Policy Improvement Reinforcement Learning

    Apr 1, 2026Huaiyang Wang, Xiaojie Li, Xiaohan Wang +10RL for Language ModelsRL for Language Model Reasoning

    Beihang University · Meituan · Peking University

  8. Train at Moving Edge: Online-Verified Prompt Selection for Efficient RL Training of Large Reasoning Model

    Mar 26, 2026Jiahao Wu, Ning Lu, Shengcai Liu +6RL for Language ModelsSample-Efficient RL

    Southern University of Science and Technology · The Hong Kong Polytechnic University · The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology +3

  9. GRRM: Group Relative Reward Modeling for Machine Translation

    Feb 15, 2026Sen Yang, Shanbo Cheng, Lu Xu +2Reward ModelingRL for Language Models

    National Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University · Singapore University of Technology and Design

  10. Small Reward Models via Backward Inference

    Feb 14, 2026Yike Wang, Faeze Brahman, Shangbin Feng +3Reward ModelingRL for Language Models

    University of Washington · Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence

  11. To Mix or To Merge: Toward Multi-Domain Reinforcement Learning for Large Language Models

    Feb 13, 2026Haoqing Wang, Xiang Long, Ziheng Li +3RL for Language ModelsGradient Interference

    Samsung Research, Beijing, China · Peking University

  12. Synthetic Interaction Data for Scalable Personalization in Large Language Models

    Feb 12, 2026Yuchen Ma, Yue Huang, Wenjie Wang +3RL for Language ModelsLLM Personalization

    Munich Center for Machine Learning & LMU Munich · University of Notre Dame · Sichuan University

  13. GR2: Generative Reasoning Re-ranker

    Feb 8, 2026Mingfu Liang, Yufei Li, Jay Xu +20RL for Language ModelsLLM Reranking

    Meta AI

  14. Omni-RRM: Advancing Omni Reward Modeling via Automatic Rubric-Grounded Preference Synthesis

    Jan 31, 2026Zicheng Kong, Dehua Ma, Zhenbo Xu +9Reward ModelingRL for Language Models

    Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, P.R. China · ShiFang Technology Inc., Hangzhou, P.R. China · Tsinghua University, Beijing, P.R. China +1

  15. HeaPA: Difficulty-Aware Heap Sampling and On-Policy Query Augmentation for LLM Reinforcement Learning

    Jan 30, 2026Weiqi Wang, Xin Liu, Binxuan Huang +13RL for Language ModelsRL for Language Model Reasoning

    Stores Foundational AI, Amazon Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA · Department of Computer Science and Engineering, HKUST, Hong Kong SAR, China

  16. HOMURA: Taming the Sand-Glass for Time-Constrained LLM Translation via Reinforcement Learning

    Jan 15, 2026Ziang Cui, Mengran Yu, Chenyu Shi +2Multilingual Language ModelsRL for Language Models

    Bilibili Inc., Shanghai, China

  17. Trust Region Masking for Long-Horizon LLM Reinforcement Learning

    Dec 28, 2025Yingru Li, Jiacai Liu, Jiawei Xu +4RL for Language ModelsReinforcement Learning

    Fudan University · The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen

  18. Stepwise Think-Critique: Interleaved Reasoning and Self-Critique in a Single LLM

    Dec 17, 2025Jiaqi Xu, Cuiling Lan, Xuejin Chen +1LLM Self-CorrectionCoT Reasoning

    University of Science and Technology of China · ⋆This work was done when Jiaqi was an intern at MSRA. · Microsoft Research Asia

  19. Honesty over Accuracy: Trustworthy Language Models through Reinforced Hesitation

    Nov 14, 2025Mohamad Amin Mohamadi, Tianhao Wang, Zhiyuan LiRL for Language ModelsLLM Hallucination Mitigation

    Toyota Technological Institute at Chicago · University of California, San Diego

  20. OpenReward: Learning to Reward Long-form Agentic Tasks via Reinforcement Learning

    Oct 28, 2025Ziyou Hu, Zhengliang Shi, Minghang Zhu +5Reward ModelingRL for Language Models

    Leiden University, Leiden, Netherland · Shandong University, Qingdao, China · Tsinghua University, Beijing, China

  21. Strengthening LLMs for Tabular Prediction with Structural Priors

    Oct 20, 2025Pengxiang Cai, Zihao Gao, Wanchen Lian +2Tabular Foundation ModelsRL for Language Models

    The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou) · Zhejiang University

  22. Rethinking On-policy Optimization for Query Augmentation

    Oct 20, 2025Zhichao Xu, Shengyao Zhuang, Xueguang Ma +6RL for Language ModelsLLM Prompting

    University of Utah · 2The University of Queensland · University of Waterloo +5

  23. CLARity: Reasoning Consistency Alone Can Teach Reinforced Experts

    Oct 10, 2025Jiuheng Lin, Cong Jiang, Zirui Wu +2RL for Language ModelsRL for Language Model Reasoning

    Wangxuan Institute of Computer Technology, Peking University

  24. TaoSR-AGRL: Adaptive Guided Reinforcement Learning Framework for E-commerce Search Relevance

    Oct 9, 2025Jianhui Yang, Yiming Jin, Pengkun Jiao +6RL for Language ModelsReward Shaping

    Tsinghua University Beijing, China · Taobao & Tmall Group of Alibaba Beijing, China · Taobao & Tmall Group of Alibaba Hangzhou, China +1

  25. ProMed: Shapley Information Gain Guided Reinforcement Learning for Proactive Medical LLMs

    Aug 19, 2025Hongxin Ding, Baixiang Huang, Yue Fang +8RL for Language ModelsHealthcare

    National Engineering Research Center of Software Engineering, Peking University, China · School of Computing and Data Science, The University of Hong Kong · School of Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing, China +2

  26. Post-Training Large Language Models via Reinforcement Learning from Self-Feedback

    Jul 29, 2025Carel van Niekerk, Renato Vukovic, Benjamin Ruppik +3RL for Language ModelsRL for Language Model Reasoning

    Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Germany

  27. Re:Form -- Reducing Human Annotations in Scalable Formal Software Verification with RL in LLMs: A Preliminary Study on Dafny

    Jul 22, 2025Chuanhao Yan, Fengdi Che, Xuhan Huang +12RL for Language ModelsRL for Language Model Reasoning

    Shanghai AI Lab · Tsinghua University · University of Alberta +5

  28. A Technical Survey of Reinforcement Learning Techniques for Large Language Models

    Jul 5, 2025Saksham Sahai Srivastava, Vaneet AggarwalRL for Language ModelsLLM Alignment

    University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA · Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA

  29. AsyncFlow: An Asynchronous Streaming RL Framework for Efficient LLM Post-Training

    Date pendingZhenyu Han, Ansheng You, Haibo Wang +16RL for Language ModelsAsynchronous RL

    Huawei · Individual Researcher

  30. Bringing Value Models Back: Generative Critics for Value Modeling in LLM Reinforcement Learning

    Date pendingZikang Shan, Han Zhong, Liwei Wang +1RL for Language ModelsReinforcement Learning

    Peking University · Microsoft Research Asia · Shanghai Jiao Tong University