Spiking Neural Networks

Also known as SNN

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Overview

Spiking neural networks study computation with neurons that integrate inputs over time and communicate through spikes, making them a natural fit for event-based data such as vision, audio, and sensor streams. Common approaches include training with surrogate gradients and backpropagation through time, local plasticity rules such as spike-timing-dependent plasticity, and converting conventional neural networks into spiking ones; researchers also design new neuron dynamics, temporal codes, and spiking attention or state-space models. Applications range from edge sensing and robotics to language, medical imaging, and scientific computing, with implementations on neuromorphic chips, FPGAs, and conventional hardware. A central tension is whether sparse activity yields real energy and latency savings without sacrificing accuracy: results depend on the task, encoding, time steps, and hardware, so deployment-aware benchmarks remain important.

Latest papers

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358 papers49 papers in the last four weeks, up 40% on the four weeks before. 0.3% of all new papers.

  1. General aspects of internal noise in spiking neural networks

    Apr 15, 2026I. D. Kolesnikov, D. A. Maksimov, V. M. Moskvitin +1LIF NeuronsSpiking Neural Networks

    Saratov State University, Astrakhanskaya str. 83, Saratov 410012, Russia

  2. BiSpikCLM: A Spiking Language Model integrating Softmax-Free Spiking Attention and Spike-Aware Alignment Distillation

    Apr 14, 2026Sihang Guo, Chenlin Zhou, Jiaqi Wang +3Spiking Language ModelsSpiking Neural Networks

    Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China · School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University, Shenzhen, China · Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China

  3. Adaptive Spiking Neurons for Vision and Language Modeling

    Apr 14, 2026Chenlin Zhou, Sihang Guo, Jiaqi Wang +5Spiking Neural Networks

    School of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Peking University, Shenzhen, China · Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China · School of Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing, China +1

  4. Gradient-Free Continual Learning in Spiking Neural Networks via Inter-Spike Interval Regularization

    Apr 14, 2026Samrendra Roy, Kazuma Kobayashi, Souvik Chakraborty +2Spiking Neural NetworksCatastrophic Forgetting

    University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Nuclear, Plasma & Radiological Engineering, Urbana, IL, USA · Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, Department of Applied Mechanics, New Delhi, India · University of Texas at El Paso, Department of Computer Science, El Paso, TX, USA +1

  5. EMBER: Autonomous Cognitive Behaviour from Learned Spiking Neural Network Dynamics in a Hybrid LLM Architecture

    Apr 14, 2026William SavageCognitive Architectures for AI AgentsMemory-Augmented Language Model Agents

    Independent Researcher

  6. Neuromorphic Continual Learning for Sequential Deployment of Nuclear Plant Monitoring Systems

    Apr 13, 2026Samrendra Roy, Sajedul Talukder, Syed Bahauddin AlamIndustrial Control System SecurityIndustrial Anomaly Detection

    University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Department of Nuclear, Plasma & Radiological Engineering Urbana, IL, USA · University of Texas at El Paso Department of Computer Science El Paso, TX, USA · National Center for Supercomputing Applications Urbana, IL, USA

  7. SpikeMLLM: Spike-based Multimodal Large Language Models via Modality-Specific Temporal Scales and Temporal Compression

    Apr 13, 2026Han Xu, Zhiyong Qin, Di Shang +6Efficient Multimodal InferenceMultimodal Large Language Models

    Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences · University of Chinese Academy of Sciences · Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence +4

  8. Towards Green Wearable Computing: A Physics-Aware Spiking Neural Network for Energy-Efficient IMU-based Human Activity Recognition

    Apr 12, 2026Naichuan Zheng, Hailun Xia, Zepeng Sun +2Spiking Neural NetworksHuman Activity Recognition

    School of Information and Communication Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China · International School, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China

  9. Spike-driven Large Language Model

    Apr 11, 2026Han Xu, Xuerui Qiu, Baiyu Chen +7Spiking Language ModelsSpiking Neural Networks

    Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China · School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China · Brain-Inspired Models Group, Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing 100862, China +7

  10. Full Feature Spiking Neural Network Simulation on Micro-Controllers for Neuromorphic Applications at the Edge

    Apr 11, 2026L. Niedermeier, J. L. KrichmarNeuromorphic ComputingSpiking Neural Networks

    Niedermeier Consulting, Zurich, ZH, Switzerland · Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA · Department of Cognitive Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA

  11. A 0.5-V Linear Neuromorphic Voltage-to-Spike Encoder Using a Bulk-Driven Transconductor

    Apr 10, 2026Meysam Akbari, Erika Covi, Kea-Tiong TangLIF NeuronsSpike-Based Signal Encoding

    ZIAM & CogniGron, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The Netherlands · Department of Electrical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan

  12. Ge2^\text{2}mS-T: Multi-Dimensional Grouping for Ultra-High Energy Efficiency in Spiking Transformer

    Apr 10, 2026Zecheng Hao, Shenghao Xie, Kang Chen +3Spiking TransformersSpiking Neural Networks

    Peking University, School of Computer Science, State Key Laboratory for Multimedia Information Processing, Beijing, China · Peking University, School of Computer Science, Beijing Key Laboratory of Brain-inspired Spiking Large Models, Beijing, China

  13. Practical Bayesian Inference for Speech SNNs: Uncertainty and Loss-Landscape Smoothing

    Apr 9, 2026Yesmine Abdennadher, Philip N. GarnerSpiking Neural NetworksBayesian Neural Networks

    Idiap Research Institute, Martigny, Switzerland

  14. Bridging Theory and Practice in Crafting Robust Spiking Reservoirs

    Apr 7, 2026Ruggero Freddi, Nicolas Seseri, Diana Nigrisoli +1Reservoir ComputingSpiking Neural Networks

    Research and Development Department, Manava.plus, Milan, Italy · Department of Engineering and Geology, “G’. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, Pescara, Italy

  15. Sharpness-Aware Surrogate Training for On-Sensor Spiking Neural Networks

    Apr 6, 2026Maximilian NicholsonSpiking Neural NetworksEvent-Based Vision

    University of Bath, United Kingdom

  16. Fuzzy Encoding-Decoding to Improve Spiking Q-Learning Performance in Autonomous Driving

    Apr 6, 2026Aref Ghoreishee, Abhishek Mishra, Lifeng Zhou +3Reinforcement LearningSpiking Neural Networks

    Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Drexel University, Philadelphia, USA

  17. Regime Mapping of Oscillatory States in Balanced Spiking Networks with Multiple Time Scales

    Apr 6, 2026Tsung-Han Kuo, Tzu-Chia TungSpiking Neural NetworksOscillatory Neural Networks

    Graduate Institute of Networking and Multimedia, National Taiwan University · Graduate Institute of Vehicle Engineering, National Changhua University of Education

  18. L-SPINE: A Low-Precision SIMD Spiking Neural Compute Engine for Resource-efficient Edge Inference

    Apr 4, 2026Sonu Kumar, Mukul Lokhande, Santosh Kumar VishvakarmaEfficient Neural Network InferenceSpiking Neural Networks

    Centre for Advanced Electronics, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol 453552, Indore, India · Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Simrol 453552, Indore, India

  19. YANA: Bridging the Neuromorphic Simulation-to-Hardware Gap

    Apr 3, 2026Brian Pachideh, Sven Nitzsche, Moritz Neher +5Neuromorphic ComputingSpiking Neural Networks

    FZI Research Center for Information Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany · Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany · Infineon Technologies, Dresden, Germany

  20. Biologically Realistic Dynamics for Nonlinear Classification in CMOS+X Neurons

    Apr 3, 2026Steven Louis, Hannah Bradley, Artem Litvinenko +3Spiking Neural NetworksNeuromorphic Computing

    Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering · Oakland University, Rochester, MI USA · Department of Physics

  21. Integer-State Dynamics of Quantized Spiking Neural Networks for Efficient Hardware Acceleration

    Apr 1, 2026Lei ZhangSpiking Neural NetworksNeuromorphic Computing

    Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Regina

  22. Fluently Lying: Adversarial Robustness Can Be Substrate-Dependent

    Apr 1, 2026Daye Kang, Hyeongboo BaekAdversarial Attacks on Object DetectorsAdversarial Robustness

    University of Seoul, Seoul, South Korea

  23. AceleradorSNN: A Neuromorphic Cognitive System Integrating Spiking Neural Networks and DynamicImage Signal Processing on FPGA

    Mar 30, 2026Daniel Gutierrez, Ruben Martinez, Leyre Arnedo +2Neuromorphic ComputingFPGA-Based Neural Network Acceleration

    Intigia R&D Department, Alicante, Spain

  24. An Energy-Efficient Spiking Neural Network Architecture for Predictive Insulin Delivery

    Mar 29, 2026Sahil ShrivastavaSpiking Neural NetworksEfficient Neural Network Inference

    Predictive Drug Delivery System (PDDS) Project, Independent Research

  25. STATrack: A Target-Aware Fully Spiking Neural Network for Efficient UAV Tracking

    Mar 29, 2026Pengzhi Zhong, Jiwei Mo, Dan Zeng +2Visual Object TrackingSpiking Neural Networks

    Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, China · School of Artificial Intelligence, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 510275, China · School of Electronic Information, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410083, China

  26. Surrogates, Spikes, and Sparsity: Performance Analysis and Characterization of SNN Hyperparameters on Hardware

    Mar 26, 2026Ilkin Aliyev, Jesus Lopez, Tosiron AdegbijaSpiking Neural NetworksEfficient Neural Network Inference

    Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA

  27. Reconstructing Spiking Neural Networks Using a Single Neuron with Autapses

    Mar 25, 2026Wuque Cai, Hongze Sun, Quan Tang +6Spiking Neural NetworksNeuromorphic Computing

    Brain-Apparatus Communication Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China · School of Artificial Intelligence, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing, China

  28. Mixed-signal implementation of feedback-control optimizer for single-layer Spiking Neural Networks

    Mar 25, 2026Jonathan Haag, Christian Metzner, Dmitrii Zendrikov +4On-Device TrainingNeuromorphic Computing

    Institute of Neuroinformatics, University of Zürich and ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland · AI Center, ETH, Zürich, Switzerland · Digital Society Initiative, University of Zurich, Switzerland

  29. Brain-Inspired Multimodal Spiking Neural Network for Image-Text Retrieval

    Mar 25, 2026Xintao Zong, Xian Zhong, Wenxuan Liu +3Image-Text RetrievalSpiking Neural Networks

    Hubei Key Laboratory of Transportation Internet of Things, Wuhan University of Technology · State Key Laboratory for Multimedia Information Processing, Peking University

  30. Efficient Encrypted Computation in Convolutional Spiking Neural Networks with TFHE

    Mar 25, 2026Longfei Guo, Pengbo Li, Ting Gao +3Privacy-Preserving MLEfficient Neural Network Inference

    School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China · Center for Mathematical Science, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China · School of Mathematics and Statistics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China +3