Structural Causal Models

Also known as SCM

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8 papers in the last four weeks, up 60% on the four weeks before. 0.1% of all new papers.

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  1. Probabilistic Counterfactual Inference for Discrete Outcomes in Gaussian-Process Causal Models

    Oct 6, 2026Juliette Sinnott, Amir-Hossein Karimi, Mohammad KohandelStructural Causal ModelsCausal Counterfactual Generation

    Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada · Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada · Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 0C6, Canada

  2. Same Predictions, Different Harms: Causal Auditing of Patient World Models

    Oct 4, 2026Yicheng Qi, Xiyi XiongStructural Causal ModelsCausal World Models

    Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

  3. Differentiable Structure Learning for Cyclic Linear Gaussian Models with Latent Confounders

    Sep 29, 2026Sadegh Khorasani, Ali Najar, Saber Salehkaleybar +1Structural Causal ModelsCausal Discovery

    School of Computer and Communication Sciences, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland · Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science (LIACS), Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands · College of Management of Technology, EPFL, Lausanne, Switzerland

  4. Beyond Conditional Independence: Root Cause Analysis with Deep Causal Models

    Sep 29, 2026Md Musfiqur Rahman, Kenneth Lee, Ziwei Jiang +3Structural Causal ModelsCausal Inference

    Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University · Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University · Intuit AI Research +1

  5. ITSY: Causal Discovery From Irregular Time-Series Data

    Sep 20, 2026Wenbo Xu, Yue He, Yunhai Wang +2Irregular Time-Series ModelingStructural Causal Models

    Renmin University of China, China · Zhejiang University, China

  6. Epidemiological Causal Graph Identification: Challenges, Identifiability and Algorithms

    Sep 17, 2026Sambit Mishra, Yingying Wang, Christine K. Johnson +1Structural Causal ModelsCausal Discovery

    University of Southern California · University of California, Davis

  7. Provable Guarantees and Efficient Learning of Structural Equation Models with Latent Confounders

    Sep 16, 2026Weijian Yu, Jean HonorioStructural Causal ModelsLow-Rank Matrix Decomposition

    CIS, The University of Melbourne

  8. On the Identifiability of Mixed Ordinal and Exponential Family Causal DAGs under Linear Parametric Models

    Sep 16, 2026Sambit Mishra, Urbashi MitraStructural Causal ModelsCausal Discovery

    Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA

  9. CausalArena: Benchmarking Causal Discovery in the Foundation Model Era

    Sep 10, 2026Zi-Rong Li, Si-Yang Liu, Tian-Zuo Wang +1Causal Foundation ModelsStructural Causal Models

    School of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University

  10. A Computationally Feasible Framework for Causal Probabilistic Explanation

    Sep 3, 2026Rafal Urbaniak, Sam Witty, Daniel Waxman +7Structural Causal ModelsActual Causality

    Basis Research Institute · Sorbus AI · Massachusetts Institute of Technology +3

  11. Federated Causal Discovery via Regression-Directed Cumulants

    Sep 3, 2026Pablo Torrijos, Fabio Stella, José A. Gámez +1Structural Causal ModelsCausal Discovery

    Departamento de Sistemas Inform´aticos Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Albacete, Spain · Dipartimento di Informatica, Sistemistica e Comunicazione Universit`a degli Studi di Milano Bicocca Milano, Italy · Departamento de Sistemas Inform´aticos2026 Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha Albacete, Spain

  12. EvoSCM: Scientific Belief Revision Through Causal Model Evolution and Experimentation

    Sep 1, 2026Qing Zhao, Haowei Li, Weijian Deng +3Belief RevisionStructural Causal Models

    Sun Yat-sen University · Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University

  13. Operationalising Relative Causal Knowledge: Backbone Identifiability from Private Reports on a Shared Outcome

    Aug 11, 2026Fabrizio Russo, Mark SomersStructural Causal ModelsCausal Abstraction

    Department of Computing, Imperial College London · London, UK · Fifty One Degrees Ltd

  14. Expert-Guided g-computation with Large Language Models for Estimating Causal Effects on Timings: Applications to Hospital Quality Improvement

    Aug 11, 2026Patrick Vossler, Jialin Ouyang, F. Richard Guo +5Causal Effect EstimationStructural Causal Models

    University of California, San Francisco · University of Michigan, Ann Arbor · University of Washington, Seattle

  15. Adversarial Causal Intervention Falsification

    Aug 5, 2026Mojtaba EslamiStructural Causal ModelsCausal Discovery

    University of Calgary

  16. Implementing Causal Perception: Competing SCMs and Situated Fairness

    Aug 4, 2026Jose M. ÁlvarezStructural Causal ModelsAlgorithmic Fairness

    Santander AI Lab, Madrid, Spain

  17. Robust Counterfactual Policy Optimisation via Nondeterministic Causal Models

    Aug 3, 2026Jessica Lally, Milad Kazemi, Nicola Paoletti +2Markov Decision ProcessesStructural Causal Models

    1King’s College London · 2Durham University · University College London

  18. Orca: Neural Operators for Causal Reasoning in Continuous Time

    Jul 30, 2026Gerrit Großmann, David A. Selby, Sebastian J. VollmerStructural Causal ModelsCausal Counterfactual Generation

    German Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), Kaiserslautern, Germany

  19. DoTime: A Synthetic Benchmark Generator for Interventional and Counterfactual Time Series

    Jul 29, 2026Dennis Thumm, Billy Tim Anthony, Ying ChenCounterfactual EvaluationStructural Causal Models

    National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore

  20. PerturbPFN: Probing the Limits of Synthetic Priors in Drug Perturbation Modelling

    Jul 26, 2026Yuche Gao, José Miguel Hernández-Lobato, Siyuan GuoSynthetic Data PretrainingStructural Causal Models

    University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom · Prior Labs, Freiburg, Germany

  21. Beyond Directed Acyclic Graphs: Causal Zeros and Causal Differential Equations

    Jul 24, 2026Sergei V. KalininStructural Causal ModelsCausal Identifiability

    Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville

  22. Learning Bidirectional Causal Interactions with Heteroscedastic Neural Networks

    Jul 24, 2026Masahiro TanakaCausal Effect EstimationStructural Causal Models

    Faculty of Economics, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan

  23. Interventional Score Geometry for Causal Inference

    Jul 24, 2026Mojtaba EslamiInformation GeometryStructural Causal Models

    Post-doctoral Researcher, University of Calgary.

  24. Equilibrium Causal Digital Twins: Validation, Transport, and Identification Limits

    Jul 23, 2026Faraz Dadgostari, Neda NazemiCounterfactual EvaluationStructural Causal Models

    Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Montana State University · Gianforte School of Computing, Montana State University

  25. Verifying formulas for interventional distributions

    Jul 15, 2026Francesco Freni, Leonard Henckel, Sebastian WeichwaldStructural Causal ModelsCausal Identifiability

    Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark · School of Mathematics and Statistics, University College Dublin, Ireland

  26. DAG-FM: A Foundation Model for Causal Discovery under Heterogeneous Causal Mechanisms

    Jul 13, 2026Yikang Chen, Zhengkang Guan, Haoyuan Qian +3Causal Foundation ModelsTabular Foundation Models

    1Zhejiang University · 2Tsinghua University

  27. How Does Bayesian Causal Discovery Fail? Characterising Structural Consequences in Linear Gaussian Networks under Latent Confounding

    Jul 10, 2026Debargha Ghosh, Silja Renooij, Anna V. KononovaStructural Causal ModelsBayesian Networks

    Department of Information and Computing Sciences, Utrecht University · Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science, Leiden University

  28. CausalDS: Benchmarking Causal Reasoning in Data-Science Agents

    Jul 9, 2026Andrej Leban, Yuekai SunStructural Causal ModelsAI Agent Benchmarks

    Department of Statistics University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, United States

  29. Learning Sparsest Linear Causal DAGs with Latent Confounders via Higher-Order Cumulants

    Jul 7, 2026Ming Cai, Hisayuki HaraStructural Causal ModelsCausal Discovery

    Graduate School of Informatics, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan · Institute for Liberal Arts and Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan

  30. Personalized Causal Recourse: A Human-In-The-Loop Approach

    Jul 3, 2026Denise Tampieri, Giovanni De Toni, Paolo GiudiciStructural Causal ModelsCausal Structure Learning

    The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK · ⋆Work conducted during the author’s MSc at the University of Trento, Trento, Italy. · Fondazione Bruno Kessler, Trento, Italy +1

  31. Infinitesimal Causality

    Jun 23, 2026Sridhar MahadevanStructural Causal ModelsCausal Inference

    Adobe Research and University of Massachusetts, Amherst

  32. RetiSEM: Generalising Causal Models for Fragmented Biomedical Data

    Jun 23, 2026Inam Ullah, Imran Razzak, Shoaib JameelLatent Variable ModelsStructural Causal Models

    University of Southampton, Southampton, SO18 1PB, Hampshir, United Kingdom · Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence, United Arab Emirates

  33. Causal Variational Deep Embedding: A Family of Interventional Generators for Confounded Images

    Jun 19, 2026Jingyuan Chen, Kangrui Ruan, Junzhe ZhangVariational AutoencodersStructural Causal Models

    Department of EECS Syracuse University · AWS AI Lab

  34. A Causal DAG Prior for Synthetic Time-Series Classification Datasets

    Jun 19, 2026Franco Martino O'Rourke, Ana Trisovic, Dimitris BertsimasStructural Causal ModelsMultivariate Time Series Classification

    Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.

  35. A Framework for Directed Acyclic Hypergraph Learning

    Jun 19, 2026Zhiyuan Dong, Carlos Mundo-Levano, Wei Qian +2Structural Causal ModelsCausal Structure Learning

    Institute for Financial Services Analytics, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA · Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA · Department of Applied Economics AND Statistics, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA +1

  36. DCD-PFN: A Decoupling-Aware Foundation Model for Causal Discovery

    Jun 19, 2026Zhengkang Guan, Yikang Chen, Yi He +5Causal Foundation ModelsStructural Causal Models

    College of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang University

  37. Two Layers of Instability in Causal Estimation

    Jun 19, 2026Alexis BellotCausal Effect EstimationStructural Causal Models

    Research conducted independently. Preprint.

  38. DeepSWIP: Quotient-WMC Counterfactuals for Neural Probabilistic Logic Programs

    Jun 18, 2026Saimun Habib, Vaishak Belle, Fengxiang HeProbabilistic LogicStructural Causal Models

    University of Edinburgh

  39. Unsupervised Causal Abstractions Discovery

    Jun 17, 2026Théo Saulus, Simon Lacoste-Julien, Dhanya SridharStructural Causal ModelsCausal Discovery

    Mila - Quebec AI Institute · Université de Montréal · Canada CIFAR AI Chair

  40. Identifying Structural Biases from Causal Mechanism Shifts

    Jun 17, 2026Praharsh Nanavati, Jilles Vreeken, David KaltenpothStructural Causal ModelsCausal Discovery

    CISPA Helmholtz Center for Information Security

  41. Tensor-based second-order causal discovery

    Jun 16, 2026Nathan Ouyang, Kexin Wang, Anna SeigalStructural Causal ModelsCausal Discovery

  42. FoundCause: Causal Discovery with Latent Confounders from Observational Data

    Jun 16, 2026Patrick Blöbaum, Krishnakumar Balasubramanian, Shiva Prasad KasiviswanathanStructural Causal ModelsAmortized Inference

    Amazon Web Services · Department of Statistics, University of California, Davis

  43. Bayesian Networks with Latent Time Embedding for Stage-Aware Causal Modeling of Alzheimer's Disease Progression

    Jun 14, 2026Nguyen Linh Dan LeCausal Effect EstimationStructural Causal Models

    Department of Biomedical Engineering The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia

  44. From Correlation to Causation in Lane Change Prediction for Automated Driving: A Causal Explanation Framework

    Jun 14, 2026Mohamed Manzour, Aditya Kumar, Augusto Luis Ballardini +1Structural Causal ModelsAutonomous Driving

    Computer Engineering Department, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain

  45. Relational Structural Causal Models

    Jun 12, 2026Adiba Ejaz, Elias BareinboimStructural Causal ModelsCausal Identifiability

    Causal AI Lab, Department of Computer Science, Columbia University, NY, USA.

  46. How Useful is Causal Invariance for Domain Adaptation in Finite-Sample Settings?

    Jun 10, 2026Julia Kostin, Kasra Jalaldoust, Elias Bareinboim +2Structural Causal ModelsStatistical Learning Theory

    Department of Computer Science, ETH Zurich · Causal Artificial Intelligence Lab, Columbia University · Department of Statistics, Columbia University

  47. WorldKernel: A World Model is the Coupling Kernel of Admissible Possible Worlds

    Jun 9, 2026Fabio RovaiStructural Causal ModelsCausal World Models

  48. Estimate Collapsibility of Causal Effects in Completed Partial DAGs via Strong d-Convex Hulls

    Jun 8, 2026Yuxin Deng, Yi Sun, Zhiming Li +1Causal Effect EstimationStructural Causal Models

    College of Mathematics and System Science, Xinjiang University, Urumuqi, 830000, Xinjiang, China · Institute of Statistics and Data Science, Xinjiang University of Finance and Economics, Urumuqi, 830000, Xinjiang, China

  49. Trio: Learning Time-Series Forecasting with Temporal-Spatial-Sample Attention and Structural Causal Priors

    Jun 5, 2026Tao Chen, Yexu Zhou, Zhi Gong +9Synthetic Data PretrainingMultivariate Time Series Forecasting

    SUPCON Technology Co., Ltd. Hangzhou, China · Hangzhou Dianzi University, HangZhou, 310018, China · Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, Shaanxi, China.

  50. Causal Atlases from Entropic Inference: Bayesian Networks beyond Optimal DAGs

    Jun 4, 2026Hazhir Aliahmadi, Irina Babayan, Greg van AndersStructural Causal ModelsBayesian Networks

    Department of Physics, Engineering Physics and Astronomy, Queen’s University, Kingston ON, Canada

  51. EML-CD: Causal Mechanism Recovery via EML Symbolic Trees in Structure Learning

    Jun 4, 2026Sota AsanumaStructural Causal ModelsCausal Structure Learning

    SoftBank Corp.

  52. Causal Longitudinal Prior-Fitted Networks for Counterfactual Outcome Prediction

    Jun 4, 2026Amirhossein Zare, Amirhessam Zare, Herlock Rahimi +2Structural Causal ModelsCounterfactual Prediction

    School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. · Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA. · School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran. +2

  53. Causal Modeling of Selection in Evolution

    Jun 4, 2026Haoyue Dai, Zeyu Tang, Peter Spirtes +1Structural Causal ModelsCausal Discovery

    Carnegie Mellon University · Stanford University · Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence

  54. On the Recoverability of Causal Relations from Bulk Gene Expression Data

    May 30, 2026Gongxu Luo, Boyang Sun, Kun ZhangStructural Causal ModelsCausal Discovery

    Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence · Carnegie Mellon University

  55. Evaluating Bivariate Causal Statements Based on Mutual Compatibility

    May 29, 2026Erik Jahn, Dominik JanzingStructural Causal ModelsCausal Reasoning

    1California Institute of Technology, USA · 2Amazon Research Tübingen, Germany

  56. Formalizing and falsifying causal pathways of rare events

    May 29, 2026Anahita Haghighat, Dominik JanzingStructural Causal ModelsCausal Abstraction

    Independent · Amazon Research, Tübingen, Germany

  57. TabCausal: Pretraining Across Causal Environments for Tabular Causal Discovery

    May 29, 2026Zi-Rong Li, Si-Yang Liu, Tian-Zuo Wang +1Causal Foundation ModelsSynthetic Data Pretraining

    Nanjing University

  58. Certified Policy Optimisation for Nested Causal Bandits via PAC-Bayes Risk

    May 28, 2026Tim Woydt, Paul-David ZuercherPAC-Bayesian Generalization BoundsMulti-Armed Bandits

    ProdAxon · Department of Computer Science Technical University Darmstadt · Institute for Manufacturing Department of Engineering University of Cambridge

  59. The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly of Markov Boundary for Tabular Prediction

    May 28, 2026Shu Wan, Abhinav Gorantla, Huan Liu +1Structural Causal ModelsCausal Discovery

    Arizona State University Tempe, United States

  60. CausaLab: A Scalable Environment for Interactive Causal Discovery Toward AI Scientists

    May 25, 2026Junlin Yang, Dylan Zhang, Xiangchen Song +7Structural Causal ModelsLLM Agent Evaluation

    Tsinghua University · University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign · Carnegie Mellon University +2