Shapley Value Attribution

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Overview

Shapley value attribution uses cooperative game theory to distribute an outcome among participants according to their average marginal contribution across possible coalitions. It is used to explain model predictions and interactions, value training data, and assign credit in settings such as multimodal models and multi-agent systems. Common approaches include exact computation for structured models, Monte Carlo and regression-based estimators, and hierarchical variants such as Owen values; causal and conditional methods aim to make coalition comparisons more realistic when inputs are dependent. A central challenge is balancing computational cost with reliable explanations, while choices about the value function, missing-feature treatment, and data distribution can substantially change what an attribution means—and whether it helps people make better decisions.

Latest papers

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103 papers10 papers in the last four weeks, up 233% on the four weeks before. 0.1% of all new papers.

  1. Seeing Through Distractions: Context-Stable Attribution via the Least Core

    Oct 26, 2026Sai Ganesh Nagarajan, Toshinori Yamauchi, Hiroshi KeraFeature AttributionShapley Value Attribution

    University of Southern Denmark, IMADA, National Institute of Informatics · Chiba University, Graduate School of Informatics

  2. TempShap: When and How Much a Feature Matters in Time-Series Forecasting

    Oct 23, 2026Chi Zhao, Anastasiia Chelnokova, Jing Liu +1Explainable Time Series ForecastingFeature Attribution

    Saint Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia

  3. What Moved the Alarm Score? Causal Attribution with Exact Computation and Scarce-Incident Estimation

    Oct 20, 2026Masaaki Takada, Ryusei ShingakiCausal AttributionShapley Value Attribution

    Toshiba Corporation

  4. Spectral-Spatial Interpretation

    Oct 15, 2026Haotian Ma, Ruqi Yang, Philip TownsendFeature AttributionShapley Value Attribution

    Department of Computer Sciences University of Wisconsin–Madison · Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology University of Wisconsin–Madison

  5. CASI: Credit Assignment via Set Intervention for Agentic Retrieval

    Oct 14, 2026Xinyi Cheng, Tianfu Zhang, Jiwen Li +5Credit AssignmentFine-Grained Credit Assignment

    Xiaohongshu Inc.

  6. Multi-Sensitive Distributional Fairness: Joint Wasserstein Audits and Shapley Allocation

    Oct 13, 2026Agathe Fernandes Machado, Charlotte Jamotton, Arthur CharpentierGroup FairnessIntersectional Fairness

  7. Exact power indices for plurality-voting ensembles

    Oct 13, 2026Ilie Sarpe, Theofanis Georgakopoulos, Aristides GionisShapley Value AttributionEnsemble Learning

    KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden · Ericsson BCSS, Stockholm, Sweden · Digital Futures, Stockholm, Sweden

  8. Measuring Variable Importance Using Proportional Inclusive Marginal Effects

    Oct 12, 2026Youngseo Cho, V. Roshan JosephFeature AttributionShapley Value Attribution

    H. Milton Stewart School of Industrial and Systems Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA

  9. Interval-valued SHAP in Tree-Based Models

    Oct 8, 2026Chenrui Zhu, Vu-Linh Nguyen, Marie-Hélène Masson +1Shapley Value AttributionFeature Attribution

    Université de technologie de Compiègne, UMR-CNRS 7253 Heudiasyc Compiègne, France · IUT de l’Oise, Université de Picardie Jules Verne Beauvais, France

  10. From Log-Odds to Shapley Values: An Explanatory Geometry for the Weighted Naive Bayes Classifier

    Oct 7, 2026Vincent Lemaire, Fabrice ClérotClassificationShapley Value Attribution

    Orange Research, France

  11. A Hierarchy of Entropy-Shapley Games for Multivariate Predictive Uncertainty

    Sep 28, 2026Niklas Koenen, Claudia Battistin, Jeriek Van den Abeele +1Probabilistic ForecastingShapley Value Attribution

    Leibniz Institute for Prevention Research and Epidemiology – BIPS University of Bremen, Germany · Simula Research Laboratory Oslo, Norway · Telenor Research & Innovation Fornebu, Norway +1

  12. LandscapeSHAP: Which Persistent Homology Class Gets the Credit?

    Sep 25, 2026Nikola MilićevićShapley Value AttributionTopological Data Analysis

  13. CausalLoss-Fin: Attributing Financial-Agent Loss to Decisions and Infrastructure Faults

    Sep 22, 2026Abhishek SharmaAgent Failure AnalysisFinancial Services

  14. Shapley Value Estimation for Multi-Site Data with Blockwise-Missing Features

    Sep 14, 2026Siqi Li, Wangxuan Fan, Yiming Li +2Feature AttributionLearning with Missing Data

    Centre for Biomedical Data Science, Duke-NUS Medical School · School of Data Science, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen · Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University +3

  15. qshap: Fast Shapley Decomposition of R2R^2 for Gradient-Boosted Trees

    Aug 25, 2026Zhongli Jiang, Min Zhang, Dabao ZhangFeature AttributionShapley Value Attribution

    University of California, Irvine

  16. SkillShapley: Boundary-Adaptive Shapley Valuation for Skill Step Attribution in LLM Agents

    Aug 13, 2026Chang Liu, Yuqi Zhang, Yiman Zhong +3LLM Agent Skill LearningShapley Value Attribution

    1Beihang University, Beijing, China · 2Shandong University, Jinan, China

  17. RelShap: Relationally Consistent Shapley Explanations

    Aug 11, 2026Seungeun Lee, Joao Fonseca, Julia StoyanovichFeature AttributionShapley Value Attribution

    New York University, New York, USA · INESC-ID, Lisbon, Portugal

  18. What Is a Skill Worth? Structure-Aware Shapley Valuation of Agent Skills

    Aug 5, 2026Tao Li, Junfeng Liu, Qinghua Zhao +5Agent EvaluationShapley Value Attribution

    1Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics · 2Pengcheng Laboratory · 3Hefei University +1

  19. Shapley-Value-Based Feature Attribution for Data Masking

    Jul 31, 2026Xinxue, Qu, Francis Bilson Darku +1Shapley Value AttributionPrivacy-Utility Tradeoff

    Shawn · Department of Information Technology, Analytics, and Operations, Mendoza College of Business University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, U.S.A. · Department of Information Systems, W. P. Carey School of Business Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, U.S.A.

  20. Explaining BiomedCLIP with Weighted Banzhaf Interactions Supported by Tree-Gram Parsing

    Jul 25, 2026Jakub Rymarski, Adam Rempała, Bartłomiej Sobieski +1VLM InterpretabilityShapley Value Attribution

    University of Warsaw, Poland · Centre for Credible AI, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland

  21. A Polynomial Architecture-Attribution Co-Design Framework for Exact Aumann-Shapley Attribution in GNNs

    Jul 23, 2026Bizu Feng, Zhimu Yang, Shuming Wang +4Gradient-Based AttributionPolynomial Neural Networks

    Institute of Artificial Intelligence Innovation and Industry, Fudan University, Shanghai, China · Shanghai Academy of AI for Science, Shanghai, China · Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China +1

  22. Fishing Out Free Riders: Shapley-Based Reward Attribution for Parallel Reasoning via Reinforcement Learning

    Jul 21, 2026Wentao Zhang, Haoyu Zhang, Xinke Jiang +7RL for Language Model ReasoningShapley Value Attribution

    ShanghaiTech University · City University of Hong Kong · Peking University +2

  23. How Jailbreak Attacks Inform Safety Alignment: A Defender-Centric, Shapley-Based Evaluation of Jailbreak Contributions

    Jul 19, 2026Yukai Zhou, Feiyang Lu, Xiaokai Mao +2LLM Safety AlignmentTraining Data Selection

    ShanghaiTech University · Zhejiang University

  24. Counterfactual Shapley Credit Assignment

    Jul 18, 2026Mingxuan Li, Kai-Zhan Lee, Elias BareinboimCredit Assignment in RLTemporal Credit Assignment

    Department of Computer Science, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA

  25. Local Additive Feature Attribution: A Mathematical Taxonomy and Reporting Checklist

    Jul 15, 2026Rebecca Afriyie Sarpong, Daniel CommeyGradient-Based AttributionFeature Attribution

  26. Exact and Certified Data Shapley for Weighted k-Nearest-Neighbor Regression and Soft-Label Prediction

    Jul 12, 2026Zongye LyuShapley Value Attributionk-Nearest Neighbors

    Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia

  27. Nonlinear Axiomatic Attribution for Cooperative Games

    Jul 10, 2026Weida Li, Zhuanghua Liu, Yaoliang Yu +1Cooperative Game TheoryFeature Attribution

    Department of Computer Science, National University of Singapore, Republic of Singapore · School of Computer Science, University of Waterloo, Canada · Vector Institute, Canada

  28. Validation-Induced Shapley Shifts: How Validation Structure Distorts Data Valuation

    Jul 4, 2026Yinan Shen, Ziao Yang, Hongfu LiuShapley Value AttributionData Valuation

    Adobe Waltham, MA 02451, USA · Department of Computer Science Brandeis University Waltham, MA 02453-2728, USA

  29. Autorelevance function and other feature relevance measures for univariate time series

    Jul 2, 2026Julian Cardenas, Jamie Arjona, Pedro DelicadoExplainable Time Series ForecastingFeature Attribution

    Departament d’Estad´ıstica i Investigaci´o Operativa, Universitat Polit`ecnica de Catalunya - BarcelonaTech, C/ Jordi Girona 1-3, Barcelona, 08034, Catalunya, Spain.

  30. Shapley in Context: Explaining Financial Language with Domain Expertise

    Jul 1, 2026Dangxing Chen, Pengzhan GuoLLM InterpretabilityShapley Value Attribution

    Zu Chongzhi Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, CN · Digital Innovation Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, Jiangsu, CN