Counterfactuals

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  1. Dual-Frontier: When Can an Agent Trust Its World Model?

    Sep 22, 2026Huatai Zhu, Qiang Chen, Ziqian Kou +5Counterfactual RolloutsAgent Decisions

  2. OnlineWM: Causality-Aware Active Online Learning for Effective World Modeling

    Sep 20, 2026Yikun Miao, Fangqi Zhu, Quanxin Shou +6Efficient World-Action ModelCounterfactual Rollouts

  3. FCA-Guided Counterfactual Explanations for Multi-Modal Breast Cancer Diagnosis: A Framework Achieving Perfect Validity with Emergent Sparsity

    Sep 17, 2026Abdullahi Isa, Souley Boukari, Muhammad AliyuMammographyCounterfactual Explanation

  4. MAGMA-GEN: Validated Recovery Supervision from Ambiguous Failures via Counterfactual Re-Execution

    Sep 17, 2026Loan Bernat, Matthieu Grard, Ariane Herbulot +1Long-Horizon PlanningOn-Policy

  5. Reproducing Transparent and Scrutable Recommendations: Exploring Open-Weight Models via Natural-Language User Profiles

    Sep 17, 2026Noah Mamié, Laurin van den BerghRecommender SystemsProfile

  6. Absence is Presence: Understanding Visual Scene Negative Events Under Safety Cognitive Constraint

    Sep 17, 2026Zhiyun Jiang, Hanyong Wang, Binbin Liang +3Video CaptioningCounterfactual Learning

  7. Conservation Buys Stability and Factoring Buys Counterfactuals in Physical World Models

    Sep 17, 2026Yufeng Wang, Parivesh Priye, Lu Wei +1Counterfactual ReasoningWorld Models

  8. FCx: An algorithm for finding Feasible Counterfactual Explanations

    Sep 16, 2026Kleopatra Markou, Vana Kalogeraki, Dimitrios GunopulosCounterfactual ExplanationCounterfactual Reasoning

  9. Bad Genius: Counterfactual-Guided Harness Evolution Beyond Task-Specific Shortcuts

    Sep 16, 2026Guojun Zhu, Xunheng Huang, Peng Yin +3Agentic EvaluationsAdversarial Evaluation

  10. EDCT-Bench: Uncovering Faithfulness Gaps in VLMs via Explanation-Driven Counterfactual Testing

    Sep 16, 2026Sihao Ding, Santosh Vasa, Aditi Ramadwar +1Visual EvidenceCounterfactual Reasoning

  11. Conformal Policy Learning with Distribution-Free Safety Guarantees

    Sep 15, 2026Ying Jin, Naoki EgamiReinforcement-Learning PoliciesConservatism

  12. An Empirical Study of Counterfactual Self-Explanations in LLMs

    Sep 15, 2026Giannis Kalyvas, Giorgos Filandrianos, Orfeas Menis Mastromichalakis +2RationalesCounterfactual Explanation

  13. EviScope: Paired Counterfactual Evidence Diagnostics for Faithful and Efficient Grounded Language Models

    Sep 15, 2026Suryadeep Singh DeswalHuman Grounded EvaluationCounterfactual Reasoning

  14. Symmetry-Aware Likelihood-Orbit Aggregation for Selective Left-Right Claim Verification

    Sep 15, 2026Zhouzhi Xiong, Chuxi Zhang, Weizhen He +3Noisy Claim VerificationFrozen Vision-Language Models

  15. CLASH: Counterfactual Auditing of Lexical and Prosodic Reliance in Spoken Sarcasm Detection

    Sep 15, 2026Qiyang Sun, Xudong Li, Yupei Li +4Prosodic FeaturesHumor

  16. Counterfactual Reasoning for Robust Visual Question Answering

    Sep 15, 2026Truong-Binh Duong, Thanh-Ngan Tran, Ngoc-Thao Nguyen +1Knowledge-Based Visual Question Answering BenchmarksKnowledge-Based Visual Question Answering

  17. When Should a World Model Move? Loss-Conditioned State Execution

    Sep 14, 2026Jintao Xu, Zhengyu Chen, Ben Zhang +2Counterfactual RolloutsBayesian

  18. CiteShade: Citation Laundering in Multi-Source Retrieval-Augmented Generation and Its Counterfactual Defense

    Sep 14, 2026Guo FuzhengRetrieval-Augmented Generation SystemsCitations

  19. MedDiME: Efficient Latent Diffusion with Adaptive Masking for Medical Counterfactual Generation

    Sep 14, 2026Yan Zeng, Changlu Guo, Anders Nymark Christensen +2Identity-Conditioned Latent Diffusion ModelsDiffusion Editing

  20. Diversified and Perceptible Counterfactual Examples Leveraging Expert Knowledge

    Sep 14, 2026Akram Bensalem, Fahima Djelil, Marie-Jeanne Lesot +1Counterfactual ExplanationExplainable Artificial Intelligence

  21. Conformal Individual Treatment Effect Estimation under Networked Interference

    Sep 14, 2026Matteo Zecchin, Osvaldo SimeoneHeterogeneous Treatment EffectsConformal Prediction

  22. IMPACT-VLA: Interaction-aware Multimodal Propagation Attribution via Counterfactual Trajectories for Vision-Language-Action Policies

    Sep 14, 2026Jinwoong Kim, Sangjin ParkProprioceptionCounterfactual Reasoning

  23. What Drives Recovery in Agentic Text-to-Cypher? LAST-CQ: An LLM Agent Self-Refinement Framework

    Sep 14, 2026Ioannis Prokopiou, Athanasios Aidinis, Panagiotis-Christos Kyrmpatsos +1Text2CypherLarge Language Model Agents

  24. Counterfactual Marginalisation: Framework for Evaluating Robustness to Nuisance Variables

    Sep 12, 2026Yasin Ibrahim, Hermione Warr, Robin J. Evans +1Counterfactual ReasoningCross Validation

  25. Measuring the Value of World-Model Updates: A Counterfactual Utility Protocol for Continual Adaptation

    Sep 11, 2026Anqi Peter Li, Kaden KimCounterfactual RolloutsCounterfactual Reasoning

  26. Legible Failures: Detecting and Repairing In-Context Binding Errors

    Sep 11, 2026Manas Venkata Sai Ravulapalli, Samrath Singh Chadha, Abhinav M. HariIn-ContextConfidence Calibration

  27. MUtE: A Dual Framework for Concept Erasure and Counterfactual Interventions

    Sep 11, 2026Antoine SaillenfestConcept ErasureCounterfactual Learning

  28. From Explanations to Interventions: Execution-Guided Counterfactual Synthesis in Temporal Graphs

    Sep 10, 2026Minwoo Yu, Young-guk HaCounterfactual ExplanationCounterfactual Reasoning

  29. scDEFT: A deep learning framework for drug-effect prediction and counterfactual reasoning

    Sep 9, 2026Murthy DevarakondaSingle-Cell Perturbation PredictionDrug-Drug Interactions

  30. Do LLMs Make More Mistakes If They Do Not Believe the Input Data?

    Sep 8, 2026Peter Kochelka, Aleš Manuel Papáček, Vojtěch Dvořák +1Counterfactual Reasoning

  31. Evaluating and Improving Evidence-Grounded Fact-Checking in LLMs via Multi-Round Evidence Ablation

    Sep 8, 2026Xingyu Deng, Mingzi Cao, Nikolaos Aletras +2Fact-CheckingCounterfactual Learning

  32. Neither Adversarial Training Nor Purification: Emergent Adversarial Robustness from Oscillatory Predictive Learning

    Sep 8, 2026Mohammed-Yassine Habibi, Klea Ziu, Martin Takáč +1Adversarial TrainingCounterfactual Learning

  33. CAR-MIL: Counterfactual Attention Regularization for Multiple Instance Learning

    Sep 8, 2026Imane Chraki, Pierre Marza, Stergios Christodoulidis +1Multiple Instance LearningCounterfactual Learning

  34. ActionSplice: In-Flight Action Editing for Interactive World Models

    Sep 8, 2026Pardis Taghavi, Tingyu Guo, Jonas Lossner +2World ModelsAutoregressive Video Generation

  35. AVCG: A Generalized Variational Framework for Counterfactual Generation under Hypothesis Distributions

    Sep 7, 2026Jamie Duell, Alejandro Jimenez Rodriguez, Mahault AlbarracinCounterfactual ExplanationCounterfactual Learning

  36. Modus Tollens and Counterfactuals and Counterfactual Reasoning Based on Three Types of Negation

    Sep 7, 2026Zhenghua PanNegationCounterfactual Reasoning

  37. A Computationally Feasible Framework for Causal Probabilistic Explanation

    Sep 3, 2026Rafal Urbaniak, Sam Witty, Daniel Waxman +7Structural Causal ModelCausal Reasoning

  38. The Shape of Time: Video-Token Contrast for Temporal Understanding in VideoLMs

    Sep 3, 2026Yumeng Shi, Quanyu Long, Yin Wu +1Video UnderstandingCounterfactual Reasoning

  39. Common-Witness Certificates and Sharp Feature Bounds for Counterfactual Image Auditing

    Sep 3, 2026Usef Faghihi, Amir SakiVersion WitnessAlgorithm Auditing

  40. Rethinking World Models for Safety-Critical Embodied Systems

    Sep 3, 2026Kailang Ma, Heye Huang, Inhi Kim +1World ModelsSafety-Critical Scenarios

  41. Accountable AI with Grounded, Faithful, Consistent, Actionable Rationales: A Case Study in Clinical Trial Matching with VERDICT

    Sep 3, 2026Zikai Zhou, Yufei Jin, Yilin Xu +3RationalesTrustworthy Artificial Intelligence

  42. Counterfactual Fairness Audits of Multi-Step Clinical LLM Agents Require a Measured Per-Action Instability Floor

    Sep 2, 2026Rohith Reddy Bellibaltu, Manpreet Singh, Deepak Parashar +1Fairness AuditsCounterfactual Reasoning

  43. Belief-Calibrated Optimization: An Explicit World Model for Agentic Optimization

    Sep 1, 2026Yuhan Chen, Zhihua Tian, Mahavir Dabas +7Agentic OptimizationCounterfactual Rollouts

  44. Causal Evidentiary Governance for High-Risk Machine Learning Systems

    Sep 1, 2026Samah Kareem, Barış ÇeliktaşCausal ReasoningFairness Audits

  45. Does This Moment Justify the Recommendation? Counterfactual Behavior-Grounded Evidence Retrieval for Personalized Video Recommendation

    Sep 1, 2026Xin LiuVideo Temporal GroundingFine-Grained Video Understanding

  46. CoBRA: Learning Tool-Use Boundaries via Counterfactual Margins

    Sep 1, 2026Wenhao Zou, Xianglong Liu, Wendong Bi +3Multi-Turn Tool-Use AgentCounterfactual Learning

  47. Beyond the Clock: Measuring the Value of Adaptive Revision

    Sep 1, 2026Ayushi ChadhaInference-Time ControlDecisions

  48. CoLT-Drive: Counterfactual Long-Tail Benchmarking and Knowledge-Preserving Adaptation for Driving Affordance Prediction

    Aug 31, 2026Zhengxu Tang, Guofeng Cui, Ziyu Gong +8Autonomous DrivingDrives

  49. Taking the Whys Seriously: Limitations of Counterfactual Explanations in Justification and Recourse

    Aug 31, 2026Mattia Cerrato, Otto Sahlgren, Xenia HeilmannCounterfactual ExplanationRationales

  50. CARVE: Verified Expansion for Variable-Length Generation in Diffusion Language Models

    Aug 31, 2026Wail Bouhedja, Amr Mohamed, Guokan ShangDiffusion Language ModelsData Generation

  51. SocialReasonBench: A Video-QA Benchmark for Social Reasoning with Counterfactual Narrative Videos

    Aug 31, 2026Zheyu Huang, Zijing Shi, Haozhe Luo +4Social ReasoningReasoning Benchmark

  52. Tracing Generated Samples to Training-Data Clusters in Flow-Matching Models

    Aug 30, 2026Rania Briq, Ohad Fried, Michael Kamp +1Generative ModelsVelocity Field

  53. Actionable CBFI: Integrating Structural Decomposition and Causal Counterfactual Recourse for Tabular Machine Learning

    Aug 28, 2026Sejong OhXaiFeature Importance

  54. Learned, Then Lost: A Measured Single-Example Counterfactual in Pre-training

    Aug 19, 2026Zachary Speck, Asa ShepardCounterfactual LearningCounterfactual Reasoning

  55. Counterfactual Contrastive Analysis

    Aug 19, 2026Yunlong He, Pietro GoriCounterfactual LearningCounterfactual Explanation

  56. Low-Rank Dynamics-Effective Latent Carriers for Counterfactual Rollout in Learned World Models

    Aug 15, 2026Yang Liu, Yuming ChenCounterfactual RolloutsCounterfactual Reasoning

  57. CROP: Task Relevance via Counterfactuals for Selective On-Policy Distillation

    Aug 13, 2026Enhan Li, Junhao He, Hongyang DuOn-Policy DistillationToken-Level Supervision

  58. Chance-constrained selection of sequential intervention strategies from counterfactual estimates

    Aug 13, 2026Minkyoung Kim, Beakcheol JangCounterfactual ReasoningConfidence Intervals

  59. Decomposition of Evidence, Contradiction, and Fragility in Perturbation Responses

    Aug 13, 2026Lei YouFragilityCounterfactual Reasoning

  60. Learning Under Treatment-Induced Label Indeterminacy with Expert Annotations of Counterfactual Outcomes: A Case Study in Neurological Prognostication

    Aug 12, 2026Xiaobin Shen, Chloe Y. H. Huang, Jonathan Elmer +1PrognosticsClinical Prediction