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32 papers in the last four weeks, up 146% on the four weeks before. 0.3% of all new papers.

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  1. SCAD: Structured Credit Assignment and Distillation for Long-Horizon Agents

    Oct 2, 2026Shangyang Wu, Shuai Zhao, Ziyue Zhu +3Long-Horizon AgentsCredit Assignment

    Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications · Tsinghua University

  2. My FAULT: Self-Diagnosis as Credit Assignment in Self-Evolving Agentic Reinforcement Learning

    Oct 1, 2026Yihua Zhu, Qianying Liu, Weixu Qiao +10Credit AssignmentAgentic Reinforcement Learning

    Alibaba Group · Kyoto University · NII LLMC +6

  3. SHARPO: Segment-Level Credit Assignment for Agentic Reinforcement Learning

    Sep 30, 2026Xinchen Du, Zhengze Zhou, Wenhui Zhu +4Agentic Reinforcement LearningCredit Assignment

    LinkedIn Corporation · Georgia Institute of Technology

  4. Semifactual Credit-Augmented Policy Optimization

    Sep 30, 2026Junshu Pan, Zhizhang Fu, Shulin Huang +5Credit AssignmentToken-Level Uncertainty

    Zhejiang University · Westlake University · Shanghai Innovation Institute +1

  5. Advancing Entropy-Level Credit Assignment in RLVR via Proximal Entropy Policy Optimization

    Sep 30, 2026Yun Kim, Nojun KwakReinforcement Learning With Verifiable RewardToken-Level Entropy

    Seoul National University

  6. Trust the Critic More

    Sep 30, 2026Kaiyue Wen, Luke Bailey, Arvind Mahankali +1Critic-Free Reinforcement LearningLarge Language Model Reinforcement Learning

    Stanford University

  7. PRICE the Action Chunks: Physical Relational Credit Assignment for Embodied Reinforcement Learning

    Sep 30, 2026Yangang Zou, Jiajun Lu, Weitao Zhou +6Offline Reinforcement LearningCredit Assignment

    School of Data Science, Fudan University · Shanghai Innovation Institute · Beihang University +4

  8. EvoSteer: Online Self-Evolving Graph Orchestration via Reference-Anchored Credit Assignment

    Sep 29, 2026Mingda Zhang, Hanwen Zhang, Qiang Huang +5Self-EvolutionOrchestration

    The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China · Dalian University of Technology, China · Fudan University, China +3

  9. SCA: Spatial Credit Assignment for Reinforcement Learning of GUI Agents

    Sep 29, 2026Shengtian Yang, Ziyu Xiong, Kaibing Yang +6Credit AssignmentGroup-Based Reinforcement Learning

    Southeast University, Nanjing, China · Kuaishou Technology, Beijing, China · Unaffiliated

  10. SIPO: Unifying Reinforcement Learning with On-Policy Self-Distillation

    Sep 29, 2026Zhenrui Yue, Huimin Zeng, Yueqi Wang +8Unsupervised On-Policy Self-DistillationReinforcement Learning With Verifiable Reward

    University of Illinois · UC San Diego · Rochester Institute of Technology +2

  11. Visual sensitivity is not claim retractability: persistence-aware credit assignment for multimodal reinforcement learning

    Sep 29, 2026Zhongan Bi, Kepeng Lin, Xuanang Gao +2Multimodal Reasoning BenchmarksVisual Evidence

    Zhejiang University · Huazhong University of Science and Technology · Shanghai Jiao Tong University

  12. Targeting Pivotal Decisions for Credit Assignment in Agentic Reinforcement Learning

    Sep 28, 2026Dongwon Jung, Hemanth Neelgund Ramesh, Yifan Wang +7Credit AssignmentAgentic Reinforcement Learning

    University of California, Davis · Microsoft · University of Washington

  13. From Experience to Expertise: Adoption-Aware Memory Learning for Data-Scarce NPU Kernel Synthesis

    Sep 28, 2026Longxiao Fan, Tao Zhang, Han Yan +5Neural Processing UnitsCross-Task Knowledge Transfer

    Fudan University · University of Science and Technology of China · Huawei Technologies Ltd.

  14. Beyond Saying Less: Fine-Grained Alignment for Informative and Faithful Vision-Language Models

    Sep 28, 2026Xingming Long, Jie Zhang, Yuecong Min +2Large Language Model HallucinationVisual Hallucinations

    State Key Laboratory of AI Safety, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences · University of Chinese Academy of Sciences · Zhongguancun Academy

  15. ASCT: Attentive Search over Counterfactual Trees for Credit Assignment in Agentic Reinforcement Learning

    Sep 28, 2026Yang Li, Jinhan Yang, hai liu +8Agentic Reinforcement LearningCredit Assignment

    University of Hong Kong · The Chinese University of Hong Kong · Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University +1

  16. GraphHCA: Closed-Form Hindsight Credit Assignment for Long-Horizon LLM Agents

    Sep 28, 2026Haodong Zhu, Yangyang Ren, Changbai Li +4Group-Based Reinforcement LearningCredit Assignment

    Beihang University · Zhongguancun Academy · Communication University of China +1

  17. Can We Trust the Teacher? Decoupled Credit Direction-Magnitude for Self-Distillation

    Sep 28, 2026Yugu Li, Zehong Cao, Peizhen Li +3Credit AssignmentTeacher

    School of CSIT, Adelaide University, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia · CAIAA, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, USA · School of EECMS, Curtin University, Bentley, WA 6102, Australia +1

  18. Dr.Credit: Rubric-Grounded Process Credit Assignment for Deep Research Agents

    Sep 28, 2026Yingjian Zhu, Zhenyi Wang, Jiaxin Guo +6Credit AssignmentProcess Reward Model

    School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences · State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems (MAIS), Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences · Alibaba Token Hub, Alibaba Group +1

  19. R2^2 Flow: Recursive Self-Improvement via Recursive Skill Evolution

    Sep 27, 2026Mingda Zhang, Qiang Huang, Yanjin Li +4Skill EvolutionRecursive Self-Improvement

    The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen · Fudan University · University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign +2

  20. Surprising Success, Repeated Failure: Entropy-Guided Credit Assignment for Exploration in LLM Reasoning

    Sep 27, 2026Woongyeong Yeo, Minki Kang, Chanuk Lee +3LLM Reasoning StrategiesCredit Assignment

    KAIST

  21. Beyond Timestamps: Decision-Aligned On-Policy Distillation for Long-Horizon Agents

    Sep 27, 2026Mingju Chen, Can Lv, Jinrong Liu +3Credit AssignmentLong-Horizon Agents

    Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Future Blockchain and Privacy Computing, Beihang University · School of Artificial Intelligence, Beihang University · Tsinghua University

  22. Agentic Multi-Turn Reasoning: A Fairness Approach

    Sep 27, 2026Thanh-Dat Truong, Sankalp Pandey, Hugh Churchill +3Agentic BenchmarksCredit Assignment

    CVIU Lab, University of Arkansas, USA · Dep. of Physics, University of Arkansas, USA · Dep. of Geosciences, University of Arkansas, USA +1

  23. From Interests to Semantic IDs: Retrieval-Grounded Credit Assignment for Generative Recommendation

    Sep 24, 2026Mengdan Zhu, Yufan Zhao, Yao Zhao +5Sequential RecommendationCredit Assignment

    Emory University Atlanta, GA, USA · Microsoft Redmond, WA, USA · Cornell University Ithaca, NY, USA

  24. SLCA-GRPO: Resolving Cross-Segment Credit Misattribution in Tool-Calling RL

    Sep 24, 2026Yan Zhan, Shaobo Liu, Qiunan Liu +7Credit AssignmentFlow-Grpo

    Peking University · Shenzhen University · Tencent PCG QQ Team

  25. PACT: From Credit Assignment to Critic Alignment

    Sep 22, 2026Jiayan Fu, Hang Xu, Yong Zhang +4Critic-Free Reinforcement LearningCredit Assignment

    AllSpark Team

  26. EPIG-Tree: Compute-Optimal Branching for Gradient-Efficient Reinforcement Learning

    Sep 17, 2026Nikita Khomich, Leopold Hermansson, Ido HakimiAutoregressive RolloutCredit Assignment

  27. Generative Query Suggestion via Intent Coverage and Query-Level Credit Assignment

    Sep 16, 2026Xinpeng Liu, Lu Ma, Jiayi Qiao +6QueriesData Generation

    Peking University · Qwen Business Unit of Alibaba · National University of Singapore +1

  28. Beyond Token-Local Imitation: Reward-Compatible Temporal Credit Assignment for On-Policy Distillation

    Sep 15, 2026Shiqi Liu, Zeyu He, Letian Tao +9Credit AssignmentKullback-Leibler Divergence

    School of Vehicle and Mobility & College of AI, Tsinghua University · 2Didi Voyager Labs, DiDi Autonomous Driving

  29. HISPO: Hierarchical Importance-Sampling Policy Optimization with Entropy-Derived Segments

    Sep 14, 2026Quoc-Vinh Lai-Dang, Hyo-Sang ShinReinforcement Learning With Verifiable RewardCredit Assignment

    Cho Chun Shik Graduate School of Mobility KAIST

  30. Large Distant Gradients Need Not Be Reliable: reliability-weighted credit assignment for long-horizon autoregressive forecasting

    Sep 11, 2026Junhao Zhao, David Michael Simberg, Jacob Kang +2Long-Horizon ForecastingAutoregressive Model

    University of Maryland, College Park

  31. Granularity-Adaptive Credit Assignment for Long-Horizon LLM Agent Reinforcement Learning

    Sep 11, 2026Taoran Liang, Yang Liu, Shang Luo +10Credit AssignmentLarge Language Model Agents

    Nankai University · Peking University · Supply Chain Tech Team Y, JD.com +2

  32. What Does Multi-Harness RL Learn? Credit Assignment and Portability in Coding Agents

    Sep 7, 2026Chenqian Le, Jiayi Cheng, Qijia He +3Credit AssignmentCoding Agents

    New York University · University of Washington · University of Southern California +2

  33. VERPO: Verified Evidence Regularized Policy Optimization

    Sep 5, 2026Haijiang Li, Chengyu Lv, Yi Zhang +8Reinforcement Learning With Verifiable RewardToken-Level Supervision

    Independent · Tongji University · Fudan University +3

  34. DRACO: Fine-Grained Credit Assignment with Dynamic Rubrics for Long-Horizon Agent Training

    Sep 3, 2026Shubham Gandhi, Saurabh Goyal, Kiran Kate +1Reinforcement Learning With Verifiable RewardCredit Assignment

    1Carnegie Mellon University · 2IBM Research

  35. TIGPO: Temporal Instance-Graph Policy Optimization for Long-Horizon LLM Agents

    Sep 3, 2026Jinwei GanCredit Assignment

    Department of Computer Science Nanjing University

  36. Dense Process Supervision for Search Agents via Fact Utility Estimation

    Sep 1, 2026Rongzhi Zhu, Xiangyu Liu, Yi Liu +7Process Reward ModelCredit Assignment

    State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, China · Ant Group, China · National Institute of Healthcare Data Science, Nanjing University, China

  37. Rubric-to-Code Credit Assignment for Reinforcement Learning

    Aug 28, 2026Rui Jin, Jikai Chen, Yihan Chen +6Code GenerationCredit Assignment

    Inclusion AI, Ant Group

  38. HiDiffTIR: Hierarchical Difficulty-Aware Policy Optimization for Multi-Turn Tool-Integrated Reasoning

    Aug 22, 2026Yucan Guo, Xiaohan Wang, Miao Su +8Multi-Turn InteractionsCredit Assignment

    State Key Laboratory of AI Safety · Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences · University of Chinese Academy of Sciences +1

  39. RTPO: Reverse-Turn Policy Optimization for Stabilizing Agentic RL Training

    Aug 19, 2026Yugu Li, Zehong Cao, Jianglin Qiao +1Agentic Reinforcement LearningFrictive Policy Optimization

    School of CSIT · ACFR · School of EECMS

  40. Teach the Magnitude, Not the Direction: Verifier-Bounded Credit Assignment for Multi-Turn Multi-step LLM Agents

    Aug 13, 2026Zechuan Wang, Siyuan Lu, Hongxuan Zhang +3Credit AssignmentReinforcement Learning With Verifiable Reward

    Zhejiang University · AWorld Team, Inclusion AI · Shanghai Innovation Institute +2

  41. HCGRec: Hint-Conditioned Generative Recommendation with Semantic IDs

    Aug 12, 2026Kangning Zhang, Haotian Fang, Xukun Luo +6Sequential RecommendationCode Completion

    Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China · Mei Tuan Beijing, China

  42. Governing Agentic AI in FinTech

    Aug 11, 2026Henry HanArtificial Intelligence GovernanceBanking

    Data Science and Artificial Intelligence Innovation Laboratory, Baylor University, USA

  43. VidForensics-M1: Meta-Detection Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Temporal Grounding for AI-Generated Video Forensics

    Aug 11, 2026Bowei Liu, Zheng Lu, Yuhan Bian +8Ai-Generated Video DetectionForgeries

    Tsinghua University · Peking University · Renmin University of China +1

  44. Se-DPO: Self-Evolving Token Credit for Direct Preference Optimization

    Aug 10, 2026Wenxiao Zhao, Shu Wang, Ying Nian WuBacktranslation Augmented Direct Preference OptimizationCredit Assignment

    University of California, Los Angeles · Shanghai AI Laboratory

  45. Privileged Likelihood Is Not Automatically Value: Three Checks for Token Credit in On-Policy Self-Distillation

    Aug 10, 2026Xuan-Phi Nguyen, Shrey Pandit, Yiran Zhao +3Credit AssignmentSingle-Token Output Distributions

    Salesforce AI Research

  46. Learning from Environmental Feedback: Credit Assignment across Multiple Timescales for Agentic Reinforcement Learning

    Aug 8, 2026Yifu Huo, Shunjie Xing, Chenglong Wang +8Agentic Reinforcement LearningCredit Assignment

    School of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China · School of Computer Science · 2NiuTrans Research, Shenyang, China +1

  47. CODS: Iterative Bellman-Residual Data Selection for Reusable Offline Reinforcement Learning

    Aug 7, 2026Ibne Farabi Shihab, Sanjeda Akter, Abu Sa-Adat Mohamed Moon-Im Al Ahsan +2Model-Based Reinforcement LearningOffline Reinforcement Learning

    Department of Computer Science, Iowa State University · Department of Computer Science & Engineering, BRAC University · Department of Civil, Construction & Environmental Engineering, Iowa State University

  48. DiDPO: Diff-in-Diff Policy Optimization for Coding Agent Training

    Aug 7, 2026Xucong Wang, Zhe Zhao, Liheng Yu +3Reinforcement Learning With Verifiable RewardCritic-Free Reinforcement Learning

    University of Science and Technology of China (USTC) · Stanford University · Tongji University +1

  49. How Much, Then Where: Credit-Conserving Action-to-Token Allocation for Multi-Turn Agent Reinforcement Learning

    Aug 7, 2026Lichao Ma, Yang Sun, Shuaitao Zhao +9Credit AssignmentStep-Level Credit

    1Peking University · 2Meituan LongCat Interaction Team · 3Fudan University +4

  50. Gated-BEPO: Confidence-Gated Bellman Credit Assignment for Large Language Model Agents

    Aug 7, 2026Hongxi Yan, Ziyue Huang, Shichao Fan +1Credit AssignmentLarge Language Model Agents

    State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems, Beihang University, Beijing, China · Zhongguancun Laboratory, Beijing, China · Qualcomm, Beijing, China

  51. AgentOPSD: Recursive Self-Distillation for Agentic Reinforcement Learning

    Aug 6, 2026Zi-Han Wang, Zhengxi Lu, Zhiyuan Yao +10Agentic Reinforcement LearningUnsupervised On-Policy Self-Distillation

    Tsinghua University · Meituan · Zhejiang University

  52. ABSeeker: Training Long-Horizon Search Agents via Answer-Backtracked Credit Assignment

    Aug 5, 2026Yijun Lu, Rui Ye, Jiajun Wang +4Search AgentsLong-Horizon Agents

    Shanghai Jiao Tong University

  53. When Correct Solutions Repeat: Rarity-Aware Credit Redistribution for GRPO

    Aug 4, 2026Zhe Cao, Miaowen Wen, Fangjiong ChenReinforcement Learning With Verifiable RewardCredit Assignment

    South China University of Technology

  54. Agentic Reinforcement Learning with Self-Distilled Reward Shaping

    Aug 4, 2026Ranxu Zhang, Guinan Chen, Chenshaodong +5Agentic Reinforcement LearningPotential-Based Reward Shaping

    Alibaba Group · University of Science and Technology of China Hefei, China · Alibaba Group Hangzhou, China

  55. LoCA: Forward-Only LLM Tuning after One-Shot Calibration with Local Credit Assignment

    Aug 4, 2026Linhan Xia, Rui Liu, Zhaofeng Zhang +3Multi-LoraPer-Node Correction

    University of Oklahoma · 4Tencent · 2Imperial College London +5

  56. GradCuit: Credit-Assigned Gradient Flow Enables Robust and Interpretable Test-Time Latent Reasoning

    Aug 3, 2026Zhaoxin Yu, Qi Shen, Hengli Li +4Efficient Latent ReasoningCredit Assignment

    NLCo Lab, Beijing Institute for General Artificial Intelligence · School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications · School of Artificial Intelligence for Science, Peking University

  57. Shared Prefixes, Better Credit: Adaptive Routing for Multi-Agent Reasoning

    Aug 3, 2026Yiqing Liu, Zihao Wang, Hantao Yao +2Multi-Agent ReasoningCredit Assignment

    University of Science and Technology of China

  58. TCPO: Turn-Level Credit Policy Optimization

    Aug 3, 2026Sicong Liao, Zhi Chen, Yaohua TangReinforcement Learning With Verifiable RewardCredit Assignment

    Moore Threads AI

  59. Latent Thought Credit: Multi-Answer Credit Assignment for Latent Reasoning

    Aug 3, 2026Xuyang Zhao, Liting Zhang, Zichen Xu +4Latent ThoughtsCredit Assignment

    TMCC, College of Computer Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China · Lingxi (Beijing) Technology Co., Ltd.

  60. BiCAA: Bidirectional Credit Assignment for Search-Augmented Agent

    Aug 2, 2026Yibin Huang, Bin Xu, Hailong Cao +1Search AgentsSearch-Augmented Reasoning

    Faculty of Computing, Harbin Institute of Technology