PeReGrINE: Evaluating Personalized Review Fidelity with User Item Graph Context
Organizations: Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai
Abstract
We introduce PeReGrINE, a benchmark and evaluation framework for personalized review generation grounded in graph-structured user--item evidence. PeReGrINE restructures Amazon Reviews 2023 into a temporally consistent bipartite graph, where each target review is conditioned on bounded evidence from user history, item context, and neighborhood interactions under explicit temporal cutoffs. To represent persistent user preferences without conditioning directly on sparse raw histories, we compute a User Style Parameter that summarizes each user's linguistic and affective tendencies over prior reviews. This setup supports controlled comparison of four graph-derived retrieval settings: product-only, user-only, neighbor-only, and combined evidence. Beyond standard generation metrics, we introduce Dissonance Analysis, a macro-level evaluation framework that measures deviation from expected user style and product-level consensus. We also study visual evidence as an auxiliary context source and find that it can improve textual quality in some settings, while graph-derived evidence remains the main driver of personalization and consistency. Across product categories, PeReGrINE offers a reproducible way to study how evidence composition affects review fidelity, personalization, and grounding in retrieval-conditioned language models.
Figures & tables
| Method | Text R-L | Text B-F1 | Text M | Title R-L | Title B-F1 | Title M | MAE | RMSE |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| LaMP | 0.1452 | 0.7573 | 0.1180 | 0.1593 | 0.7477 | 0.1468 | 0.30 | 0.6164 |
| PGraphRAG | 0.1475 | 0.7551 | 0.1259 | 0.1459 | 0.7365 | 0.1303 | 0.29 | 0.5916 |
| PeReGrINE | 0.1595 | 0.7636 | 0.1443 | 0.1474 | 0.7400 | 0.1343 | 0.33 | 0.6708 |
| PeReGrINE-joint | 0.1277 | 0.7543 | 0.1665 | 0.0465 | 0.7092 | 0.0304 | 0.94 | 1.5427 |
| Task | Metric | Product | User | Neighbor | Both |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Text | ROUGE-L ( ) | 0.110 | 0.114 | 0.115 | 0.123 |
| BLEU ( ) | 0.008 | 0.011 | 0.005 | 0.016 | |
| METEOR ( ) | 0.181 | 0.160 | 0.163 | 0.173 | |
| BERT-F1 ( ) | 0.742 | 0.743 | 0.746 | 0.752 | |
| Title | ROUGE-L ( ) | 0.058 | 0.032 | 0.044 | 0.060 |
| BERT-F1 ( ) | 0.707 | 0.699 | 0.697 | 0.707 |
| Metric | Product | User | Neighbor | Both |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| User Dissonance | 0.274 | 0.199 | 0.257 | 0.251 |
| Product Dissonance | 0.358 | 0.503 | 0.400 | 0.399 |
| Sentiment Dissonance | 0.164 | 0.164 | 0.169 | 0.162 |
| Task | Metric | Product | User | Neighbor | Both |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Text | ROUGE-L ( ) | 0.127 | 0.120 | 0.124 | 0.131 |
| BLEU ( ) | 0.012 | 0.009 | 0.008 | 0.014 | |
| METEOR ( ) | 0.183 | 0.135 | 0.164 | 0.192 | |
| BERT-F1 ( ) | 0.752 | 0.744 | 0.753 | 0.759 | |
| Title | ROUGE-L ( ) | 0.072 | 0.049 | 0.040 | 0.059 |
| BERT-F1 ( ) | 0.717 | 0.701 | 0.712 | 0.719 |
| Metric | Product | User | Neighbor | Both |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| User Dissonance | 0.253 | 0.197 | 0.253 | 0.252 |
| Product Dissonance | 0.374 | 0.501 | 0.379 | 0.374 |
| Sentiment Dissonance | 0.150 | 0.158 | 0.161 | 0.159 |
Appendix figures & tables13 assets
Supplementary material from the paper’s appendix.
Appendix
| Category | Split | # Inst. | Mean | Mean | Img. % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All Beauty | Dev | 218 | 6.07 | 6.46 | 17.0% |
| Test | 399 | 9.72 | 5.81 | 21.6% | |
| Baby | Dev | 500 | 5.53 | 15.53 | 0.6% |
| Test | 500 | 6.53 | 185.92 | 13.0% | |
| Arts & Crafts | Dev | 500 | 5.53 | 12.20 | 0.8% |
| Test | 500 | 7.39 | 69.13 | 12.6% |
| Raw Distribution | PeReGrINE Test Set | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Category | Avg. Degree | Sparsity | Avg. Degree | Density Shift |
| All Beauty | 6.23 | High | 5.81 | -6.7% |
| Baby Products | 27.56 | Med | 185.92 | +574% |
| Arts, Crafts & Sewing | 11.23 | Med | 69.13 | +515% |
| Pet Supplies | 34.10 | Low | 343.47 | +907% |
| Toys & Games | 18.30 | Med | 97.92 | +435% |
| Category | ROUGE-L | BLEU | METEOR | BERTScore-F1 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baby Products | 0.1131 | 0.0066 | 0.1863 | 0.7485 |
| Beauty & Personal Care | 0.1086 | 0.0087 | 0.1736 | 0.7414 |
| Pet Supplies | 0.1088 | 0.0045 | 0.1764 | 0.7430 |
| Sports & Outdoors | 0.1043 | 0.0072 | 0.1725 | 0.7426 |
| Toys & Games | 0.1009 | 0.0076 | 0.1810 | 0.7401 |
| All Beauty | 0.1434 | 0.0136 | 0.2119 | 0.7689 |
| Category | Title ROUGE-L | Title BERTScore-F1 | Title-Text Consistency |
|---|---|---|---|
| Baby Products | 0.0626 | 0.7099 | 0.4286 |
| Beauty & Personal Care | 0.0600 | 0.7066 | 0.4217 |
| Pet Supplies | 0.0783 | 0.7146 | 0.4810 |
| Sports & Outdoors | 0.0688 | 0.7175 | 0.4413 |
| Toys & Games | 0.0657 | 0.7140 | 0.4601 |
| All Beauty | 0.0640 | 0.7199 | 0.4892 |
| Category | Accuracy | MAE | RMSE |
|---|---|---|---|
| Baby Products | 0.6160 | 0.8370 | 1.5190 |
| Beauty & Personal Care | 0.6100 | 0.9660 | 1.7181 |
| Pet Supplies | 0.5740 | 1.0360 | 1.7672 |
| Sports & Outdoors | 0.6460 | 0.6990 | 1.3544 |
| Toys & Games | 0.6520 | 0.8050 | 1.5305 |
| All Beauty | 0.4937 | 0.7657 | 1.2163 |
| Category | User Dissonance | Product Dissonance | Sentiment Dissonance |
|---|---|---|---|
| Baby Products | 0.3054 | 0.4733 | 0.1964 |
| Beauty & Personal Care | 0.3265 | 0.4866 | 0.2162 |
| Pet Supplies | 0.3114 | 0.4946 | 0.2271 |
| Sports & Outdoors | 0.3147 | 0.4949 | 0.1868 |
| Toys & Games | 0.3358 | 0.4896 | 0.1898 |
| All Beauty | 0.2385 | 0.2972 | 0.1534 |
| Task | Metric | LLaMA-3.1 | GPT-5 | Qwen3-VL | Claude-4.5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Text | ROUGE-L ( ) | 0.1284 | 0.1226 | 0.1258 | 0.1245 |
| BLEU ( ) | 0.0197 | 0.0113 | 0.0160 | 0.0150 | |
| METEOR ( ) | 0.2072 | 0.1841 | 0.1867 | 0.1972 | |
| BERT-F1 ( ) | 0.7494 | 0.7474 | 0.7549 | 0.7569 | |
| Title | ROUGE-L ( ) | 0.0467 | 0.0515 | 0.0591 | 0.0649 |
| BERT-F1 ( ) | 0.7044 | 0.7093 | 0.7148 | 0.7186 |
| Metric ( ) | LLaMA-3.1 | GPT-5 | Qwen3-VL | Claude-4.5 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| User Dissonance | 0.2651 | 0.2446 | 0.2452 | 0.2843 |
| Product Dissonance | 0.3790 | 0.3843 | 0.3819 | 0.3808 |
| Sentiment Dissonance | 0.1458 | 0.1518 | 0.1663 | 0.1585 |
| Model | Rating | Generated review and short analysis |
|---|---|---|
| Example A: correcting sentiment drift | ||
| Gold | 4.0 | Title: Rich shades of red. The gold review is positive overall, with mild complaints about wear and lip dryness. |
| Text-only | 2.0 | The text-only system hallucinates a packaging or shipping failure and drifts negative. This appears to come from over-reliance on user-history complaints. |
| Multimodal | 4.0 | The multimodal output aligns with the product context and keeps the review near the correct positive rating. |
| Example B: detecting negative quality cues | ||
| Gold | 2.0 | Title: I loved the idea of this organic nail polish remover. The gold review is clearly negative despite an initially positive setup. |
Personalized Text Generation
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