Multi-Agent LLM Systems

LLM: Large Language Model

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Overview

Multi-agent large language model systems study how multiple language-model agents can divide work, share information, and combine decisions on tasks such as reasoning, coding, research, and planning. Common designs use specialized roles, debate or review loops, retrieval-augmented generation, shared memory, and orchestrators that route tasks or choose communication links; some systems also learn prompts, workflows, or policies through reinforcement learning. Researchers evaluate these approaches on benchmarks for math, question answering, software, and tool use, as well as in longer-running simulations and domain applications. A central open tension is that collaboration can improve accuracy and verification, but may also add latency and token costs or spread errors, bias, and unsafe instructions, so gains depend on the task, architecture, and quality of coordination.

Latest papers

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1,050 papers142 papers in the last four weeks, up 35% on the four weeks before. 0.8% of all new papers.

  1. Learning Calibrated Confidence for Multi-Agent Collaboration

    Oct 29, 2026Chenxiao Fan, Chongming Gao, Gangyi Zhang +9Multi-Agent LLM SystemsMulti-Agent Collaboration

    University of Science and Technology of China · Qwen Business Unit of Alibaba · National University of Singapore

  2. EvoTeam: Multi-Agent Collaboration via Evolving Teams

    Oct 29, 2026Qinuo Cao, Xin He, Dianxuan Fu +7Multi-Agent CollaborationMulti-Agent Systems

    Jilin University · Nanjing University of Science and Technology · Shanghai AI Lab

  3. Can AI Agents Interface Clinicians and Complex Models?

    Oct 29, 2026Giulio Colombini, Matteo Falcioni, Mario Massimo +5Medical AI AgentsMulti-Agent LLM Systems

    Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia “Augusto Righi”, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Via Irnerio 46, 40126 Bologna, Italy. · Sezione di Bologna, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Viale Carlo Berti-Pichat 6/2, 40127 Bologna, Italy. · Centre for Advanced Studies on Tourism, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, Via Angherà 22, 47900 Rimini, Italy. +1

  4. Sticky Collusion: Persistence of LLM Agent Collusion after Incentive Removal and Partner Replacement

    Oct 29, 2026Joshua Adrian CahyonoMulti-Agent LLM SystemsBehavioral Consistency of LLM Agents

    Nanyang AI Safety, NTU Singapore · Apart Research

  5. Judging Before Propagation: Task-Graph Contextual Integrity for Multi-Agent Privacy

    Oct 29, 2026Hengyu Wu, Blaise Delattre, Yang CaoPrivacy Protection for LLM AgentsContextual Integrity

    Department of Computer Science, School of Computing, Institute of Science Tokyo

  6. Beyond LLM Wrappers: Context Engineering and the Three-Engine Architecture for Reliable Financial AI

    Oct 29, 2026Pradeep Kumar GS, Ravi TanniruContext EngineeringLLM Context Management

    Finteract AI

  7. Goal-Aware Dynamic Multi-Agent Collaboration for Long-Horizon Tasks

    Oct 29, 2026Xu Shen, Lingyong Yan, Shuaiqiang Wang +4Multi-Agent LLM SystemsLong-Horizon Agent Tasks

    Michigan State University, East Lansing, USA · Baidu, Inc., Beijing, China · Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA

  8. Auditable Belief Updates as a Missing Safety Layer for LLM-Powered Multi-Agent Systems

    Oct 28, 2026Zhuoyun Li, Boxuan Wang, Jinwei Hu +2AI Agent SafetyLLM Agent Safety

    School of Computer Science and Informatics, University of Liverpool, UK

  9. El Agente Quntur: Agentic Active-Space Selection for CASSCF

    Oct 28, 2026Juan B. Pérez-Sánchez, Viviana Roman-Ventura, Olalla Nieto-Faza +3Quantum ChemistryAI Agents for Scientific Discovery

    Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St., Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada · Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence, W1140-108 College St., Schwartz Reisman Innovation Campus, Toronto, ON M5G 0C6, Canada · Departamento de Físico-Química Molecular, Universidad Andrés Bello, República 275, Santiago, 837014, Chile +8

  10. Who Else Is In? Multi-Agent Collusion Initation Via Strategic Vagueness

    Oct 27, 2026Pramod Kaushik, Sarath Sivaprasad, Laura Ferrarotti +4Multi-Agent System SecurityMulti-Agent LLM Systems

    University of Trento · Fondazione Bruno Kes sler · CISPA +4

  11. Rare, Relevant, and Still Wrong: How Memory Fails LLM Group Decisions

    Oct 27, 2026Anouar Imel, Imad Charradi, Abderrahman Sghir +1LLM Decision-MakingMemory Management for LLM Agents

    School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC) · Xidian University · Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics +1

  12. Remembering Is Not Enough: Refining Memories and Learning When to Use Them in Multi-Agent Systems

    Oct 27, 2026Yipeng Hao, Yuxuan Cai, Wenkai Ji +6LLM Agent MemoryMemory Management for LLM Agents

    School of Computer Science and Technology, East China Normal University, Shanghai · Ocean University of China · Tongji University +1

  13. Ontology-guided multi-agent reasoning for explainable differential diagnosis

    Oct 26, 2026Roxana Ramona Szomiu, George Ursu, Adrian GrozaDifferential DiagnosisClinical Reasoning

  14. EREBOTS 4.0: A framework for conversational assistants with A2A agents and MCP tools

    Oct 26, 2026Elia Pacioni, Davide Calvaresi, Andrei C. Coman +4Multi-Agent LLM SystemsLLM Agents

    HES-SO Valais-Wallis, Rue de Technopôle 10, 3960 Sierre, Switzerland · University of Extremadura, 06800, Mérida, Spain

  15. Belief-Conditioned Multi-Agent Actor Critic for Decentralized LLM Collaboration

    Oct 26, 2026Tianle Chen, Shuo Liu, Christopher AmatoMulti-Agent LLM SystemsMulti-Agent Reinforcement Learning

    Khoury College of Computer Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02215, USA

  16. Multi-Agent Relay Thinking

    Oct 26, 2026Xu Liu, Jungang Qiao, Guikun Chen +2Multi-Agent LLM SystemsMulti-Agent Collaboration

    Zhejiang University · Nanyang Technological University · The University of Hong Kong

  17. EMMA: Structured Episodic Memory for Multi-Agent Workflow Synthesis

    Oct 25, 2026Ruijia Niu, Kaiwen Liu, Rose Yu +1Multi-Agent LLM SystemsLLM Agent Memory

    University of California San Diego · Amazon

  18. MultiEvoSkill: Structure-Aware Multi-Agent Skill Evolution for Generalizable Skill Artifacts

    Oct 25, 2026Kounianhua Du, Jianxing Liu, Ruoshui Shan +4LLM Agent Skill LearningLarge Language Model-Guided Optimization

    Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China · Purdue · Tencent

  19. Strategic Calibration in LLM Multi-Agent Systems: Audited Pivot Scoring for Truthful Elicitation

    Oct 24, 2026Jinhao Zhou, Zhaohan Zhang, Xijian Xu +1Multi-Agent LLM SystemsLLM Agent Reliability

    Graduate School of Information, Production and Systems, Waseda University, Fukuoka, Japan · School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K. · School of Computer Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China

  20. CoEvolve: Counterfactual-Guided Co-Evolution of Memory and Collaboration in Multi-Agent Systems

    Oct 24, 2026Xufei Shi, Derong Xu, Wei Chen +3Multi-Agent LLM SystemsMulti-Agent Systems

    State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Intelligence, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China

  21. Estimation of Propagated Risk in LLM-based Multi-Agent Systems

    Oct 23, 2026Shreyan Ganguly, Souradeep Chattopadhyay, Qisai Liu +1Multi-Agent LLM SystemsLLM Agent Reliability

    Iowa State University

  22. Can LLM Annotators Match Human Consistency? Benchmarking Human Agreement and Optimizing Multi-Agent with Contrastive Knowledge

    Oct 23, 2026Xiaopeng Ke, Zhixin Wang, Xuebo Liu +5LLM-Assisted AnnotationMulti-Agent LLM Systems

    ANT Group · Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen)

  23. Beyond Final Outcomes: Quantifying Claim-Level Information Dynamics in Multi-Agent LLM Interaction

    Oct 23, 2026Haocheng Jiang, Herun Wan, Yongyuan Peng +1Multi-Agent LLM SystemsLLM Agent Evaluation

    Xi’an Jiaotong University

  24. Understanding Communication Failures in Multi-Agent LLM Systems

    Oct 23, 2026Priya Pitre, Jun Hou, Yi Fang +2Multi-Agent LLM SystemsMulti-Agent Communication

    Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA

  25. Knowing Whom to Trust is not Enough: The Trust--Agreement Gap in Repeated Multi-Party LLM Negotiation

    Oct 22, 2026Amit Sarker, Moumita Choudhury, Saaduddin Mahmud +1Multi-Agent LLM SystemsTrust in AI

    University of Massachusetts Amherst

  26. VibeGame: Prompt-to-Game Development with AI-Native Engine and Self-Evolving Adversarial Agent Team

    Oct 22, 2026Wenbo Hu, Ken Li, Jiazhe Wei +13AI Coding AgentsMulti-Agent LLM Systems

    PRLab, Nanjing University · S-Lab, Nanyang Technological University

  27. Not Every Agent Needs the Strongest Model: Unified Prompt-Model Optimization for Heterogeneous LLM-based Multi-Agent Systems

    Oct 22, 2026Mingxiu Cai, Haoyang Xian, Xinyu Ma +4Multi-Agent LLM SystemsMulti-Agent System Optimization

    Institute of Computing and Intelligence, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen

  28. Muffin - A Shared Memory Buffer for Asynchronous AI Agents

    Oct 22, 2026Ping-Lin Kuo, Suman Navaratnarajah, Christian Frey +2Multi-Agent LLM SystemsShared-Memory Multi-Agent Systems

    Department of Computer Science & Artificial Intelligence, University of Technology Nuremberg, Dr.-Luise-Herzberg-Straße 4, 90461 Nuremberg, Germany

  29. Automating Feature Flag Cleanup at Scale with Multi-Agent LLM Systems: An Industrial Experience at DoorDash

    Oct 22, 2026Atharv Chandratre, Jai DatarAutomated Software EngineeringWorkflow Automation

    DoorDash, Inc., San Francisco, CA, USA

  30. Beyond Accuracy: Disentangling Decomposition from Typed-State Quality Assurance in Multi-Agent LLM Pipelines

    Oct 22, 2026Maria Gabriela Alves Zuppardo, Vinicius Cardoso GarciaMulti-Agent LLM SystemsLLM Agent Evaluation

    Centro de Informática, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil