cs.AIJul 20, 2026

The Curvature Shadow: An Apparent Failure of Maximum-Entropy Equilibrium Selection is a Removable Artifact

Authors: Luis Leal

Abstract

In two-player zero-sum games whose Nash equilibria form a convex set, regularized solvers such as Regularized Nash Dynamics (R-NaD) empirically select the maximum-entropy member: the information projection (I-projection) of a uniform reference onto the Nash set. On a panel of small games this match is exact, with one apparent exception: in Kuhn poker R-NaD lands at bluff coordinate 0.180 while the maximum-entropy member sits at 0.201, a coordinate gap of about 0.021, even though R-NaD attains 99.7 percent of the maximum entropy. We ask whether this gap is a genuine selection bias or an artifact, and answer it quantitatively. We show that for selection on a one-dimensional Nash manifold the coordinate gap factorizes as gap2δ/κ\mathrm{gap} \approx \sqrt{2δ/κ}, where δδ is the entropy shortfall of the solver and κκ is the curvature of the entropy landscape at its peak. Across five games this relation holds to within 2×1042 \times 10^{-4} (under 1 percent relative error). The four matrix games have δ0δ\approx 0 (R-NaD reaches the maximum-entropy member exactly) and therefore no gap regardless of curvature; only the sequential game (Kuhn) has δ>0δ> 0. A causal sweep of the magnet strength drives δ0δ\to 0 and the gap toward zero along the predicted curve (fitted scaling exponent 0.50, R2>0.999999R^2 > 0.999999, against the exact prediction of 1/2), until the dynamics destabilize at a stability floor: behavior consistent with a removable shortfall and inconsistent with a fixed bias. We quantify the curvature half of the law from measured curvatures and flag a moving-target pitfall in the natural Tsallis-entropy experiment. The Kuhn gap is thus the curvature shadow of a small, removable entropy shortfall on an unusually flat peak; the I-projection account is upheld up to a flatness-limited residual.

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