Self-Play

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8 papers in the last four weeks, down 11% on the four weeks before. 0.1% of all new papers.

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  1. Learning Explainable Representations of Complex Game-playing Strategies

    Oct 6, 2026Abhijeet Krishnan, Colin M. Potts, Arnav Jhala +3Self-Play

    Venture IV 420, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606 USA · Department of Aerospace Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, Maharashtra, India · Tata Research Development and Design Centre, Pune 411013, Maharashtra, India +1

  2. Game-Guided Skill Discovery through Self-Play for Playable Agent Control

    Sep 30, 2026Seungeun Rho, Jeonghwan Kim, Xue Bin Peng +1Unsupervised Skill DiscoveryHuman-To-Robot Transfer

    Georgia Institute of Technology · Simon Fraser University and NVIDIA

  3. Teaching LLMs to Generate Challenging MILP Instances via Solver Feedback

    Sep 29, 2026Jitin Singla, Parikshit Pareek, Pratik Jawanpuria +1Mixed-Integer ProgrammingHard

    IIT Roorkee · IIT Bombay · IIT Delhi

  4. Regularized policy gradient with learned mixtures of Gaussians for games with continuous actions

    Sep 29, 2026Ondřej Kubíček, Viliam Lisý, Tuomas SandholmMean Field GamesMirror Descent

    Czech Technical University in Prague · Carnegie Mellon University · Artificial Intelligence Center

  5. Learning to Optimize through Solver-Grounded Self-Play

    Sep 28, 2026Xia Jiang, Yaoxin Wu, Chenyu Zhou +3Optimization ModelingSelf-Play

    Eindhoven University of Technology · Shanghai Jiaotong University

  6. Self-Play Pretraining with Zero Data

    Sep 24, 2026Aditya Cowsik, Kfir Dolev, Michael Y. Li +4PretrainingSelf-Play

    Independent Researcher · Tel Aviv University · Stanford University +1

  7. Steering Equilibrium Selection in Regularized Self-Play via the Reference Policy

    Sep 17, 2026Luis LealNash EquilibriumSelf-Play

  8. The Surprising Effectiveness of Approximate Value Iteration in Self-Play

    Sep 8, 2026Raphael Boige, Amine Boumaza, Bruno ScherrerSelf-PlayMonte Carlo Tree Search

    Université de Lorraine, CNRS, Inria, LORIA, F-54000 Nancy, France

  9. SQL-Zero: Self-Evolving Text-to-SQL

    Sep 7, 2026Daniel Machado Pedrozo, Julia Soares Dollis, Bryan Lincoln Marques de Oliveira +3Text-To-SqlSelf-Play

    Instituto de Informática, Universidade Federal de Goiás Goiânia, GO, Brazil

  10. Local Updates, Global Learning (LUGL): Playing Games with non-incremental Learners

    Sep 3, 2026David Milec, Spyridon Samothrakis, Michael Fairbank +1Singular Learning TheoryImperfect-Information Games

    Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic · School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom · Maastricht University, the Netherlands

  11. What Emerges and What Breaks in Self-Play Driving

    Aug 31, 2026Laur Sisask, Ardi Tampuu, Tambet MatiisenSelf-PlayHuman Driving

    University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia

  12. Beyond Uncertainty: Multi-Solver Disagreement Rewards for Self-Evolving Reasoning Curricula

    Aug 30, 2026Vinoth Selvendran, Zhanming ZhangSelf-PlayCurriculum

    Independent Researcher · Palo Alto, CA, USA · New York, NY, USA

  13. PokaiTrainer: Scaling Equilibrium Search to Competitive Pokémon VGC

    Aug 29, 2026Max YuPokerImperfect-Information Games

    Independent Researcher

  14. J-Zero: Unified Challenger--Solver--Judge Self-Evolution from Zero Data

    Aug 27, 2026Gyouk Chu, Myeongho Jeon, Teresa Yeo +1Self-EvolutionSelf-Play

    KAIST

  15. SPADE: Self-Play in Adaptive Synthetic Executable Environments

    Aug 19, 2026Bo Liu, Simon Yu, Yiding Jiang +15Synthetic EnvironmentsSelf-Play

    University of Washington · Stanford University · Northeastern University +6

  16. Do LLMs Beat Nash? Testing Decentralized Coordination in Self-Play Multi-Agent Games

    Aug 12, 2026Deborah Sinishaw, Qile Zhu, Edwin Meriaux +1Multi-Agent Large Language Model SystemsMulti-Agent Coordination

    Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University · School of Computer Science, McGill University · Centre for Intelligent Machines (CIM), McGill University

  17. ICM Out! Better Tournament Strategy from Computed Continuations, vs. Solvers and LLMs

    Aug 10, 2026Boning Li, Longbo HuangPokerCompetition

    IIIS, Tsinghua University.

  18. Social Gym and SPaRTan: Benchmarking and Improving LLM Social Reasoning via Multi-Agent Game Tournaments

    Aug 10, 2026Keyu He, Xuhui Zhou, Maarten SapSocial ReasoningSelf-Play

    Carnegie Mellon University

  19. Solver-Guided Reasoning for Mixed-Equilibrium Strategies

    Aug 7, 2026Han Wang, Philippe Beardsell, Boning Li +4PokerNash Equilibrium

    Shanghai Jiao Tong University · GTO Wizard · Tsinghua University +2

  20. SearchMaster: Grounded and Regulated Self-Play for Search Agents

    Aug 3, 2026Wentao Tan, Qiong Cao, Jiaqi Wang +1Search AgentsSelf-Play

    JD Future Academy, Beijing

  21. Does the Competitive Component of Adversarial Self-Play Improve Legal Reasoning? A Controlled Negative Result

    Aug 3, 2026Miseog Shawn KimSelf-PlayLegal Reasoning Tasks

    Preprint, 2026-08-02

  22. Self-Play Meets Skill Evolution: Self-Evolving Search Agents that Pose, Solve, and Remember

    Jul 31, 2026Zenghuang Fu, Zhaoyang Li, Qiuyuan Ai +6Self-Evolving AgentsSkill Evolution

    University of Chinese Academy of Sciences · Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences · Peking University +4

  23. Pictura: Perspective-View Self-Play at Scale for Driving

    Jul 28, 2026Yuan Yin, Elias Ramzi, Marc Lafon +8Waymo Open Motion DatasetSelf-Play

    valeo.ai, Paris, France · Valeo Brain, Créteil, France · Sorbonne Université, CNRS, ISIR, F-75005 Paris, France

  24. GPT-Red: Automated Red Teaming via Self-Play at Scale

    Jul 28, 2026Eric Wallace, Christopher A. Choquette-Choo, Nikhil Kandpal +15Red-TeamingAttacker Large Language Model

    OpenAI

  25. Training with (Swap) Regret Loss in a Single-Layer Self-Attention Model: A Case Study on the Probability Simplex

    Jul 25, 2026Chanwoo Park, Asuman OzdaglarPlan RegretSelf-Play

    1MIT EECS

  26. Skill Self-Play: Pushing the Frontier of LLM Capability with Co-Evolving Skills

    Jul 24, 2026Siyuan Huang, Pengyu Cheng, Haotian Liu +10Self-EvolutionSelf-Play

    Qwen Large Model Application Team, Alibaba · The Chinese University of Hong Kong · Renmin University of China +5

  27. Audio-Zero: Label-Free Self-Evolution for Fine-Grained Audio Reasoning

    Jul 22, 2026Siqian Tong, Xuan Li, Chaozhuo Li +5Audio UnderstandingAudio Understanding

    Institute of Acoustics, Chinese Academy of Sciences · University of Chinese Academy of Sciences · 3Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence +3

  28. TerraZero: Procedural Driving Simulation for Zero-Demonstration Self-Play at Scale

    Jul 14, 2026Zhouchonghao Wu, Akshay Rangesh, Weixin Li +4Waymo Open Motion DatasetSelf-Play

    1Applied Intuition · University of California, Berkeley

  29. World Models as Adversaries: Multi-Agent Self-Play Fine-Tuning for Robust Motion Planning

    Jul 12, 2026Tong Nie, Yuewen Mei, Junlin He +3World Model PlanningMotion Planning

    The Hong Kong Polytechnic University · Tongji University · McGill University +1

  30. AlphaZero in Sparsely Rewarded Games: Limits and Auxiliary Supervision

    Jul 9, 2026Brent Kong, Tejas Ram, Tony Yue YuSelf-PlayChess

    Department of Mathematics · California Institute of Technology · Department of Computer Science

  31. A Gold-Standard Study of What Makes a Lightweight Game-Playing Agent Strong

    Jul 7, 2026Nima Kelidari, Mohammadsaeed Haghi, Mahdi SalmaniImperfect-Information GamesSelf-Play

    University of Southern California

  32. FootsiesGym: A Fighting Game Benchmark for Two-Player Zero-Sum Imperfect-Information Games

    Jul 7, 2026Chase McDonald, Nathan Tsang, Wesley N. KerrImperfect-Information GamesSkillgym

    Como Research · Riot Games

  33. More Convincing, Not More Correct: Self-Play Reward Hacking of Reference-Free LLM Judges

    Jul 7, 2026Chenyu ZhouLarge Language Model JudgesLlm-As-A-Judge

    School of Engineering, Institute of Science Tokyo

  34. Predicting Drafted Deck Strength for "Magic: the Gathering"

    Jul 6, 2026Tomas Rigaux, Hisashi KashimaCardSelf-Play

    Grad. School of Informatics Kyoto University Kyoto, Japan

  35. Anchored Self-Play for Code Repair

    Jul 3, 2026Caroline Choi, Zeyneb Kaya, Shirley Wu +3Automated Program RepairRepair

    Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.

  36. Towards Learning Representations of Policies in Two-Player Zero-Sum Imperfect-Information Games

    Jul 1, 2026Kevin Wang, Kevin Yang, Arjun Prakash +1Imperfect-Information GamesPoker

    Brown University

  37. How Much Due Diligence Before You Bid? Learning in Intractable Takeover Auctions

    Jun 28, 2026Zain NaboulsiSelf-Play

    Principal AI Engineer, Sparq

  38. Parametric Open Source Games

    Jun 25, 2026Aleksandar Todorov, Jesse ten Napel, Alexander MüllerGame TheoryNash Equilibrium

    University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands · Safe AI Netherlands

  39. EMAgnet: Parameter-Space EMA Regularization for Policy Gradient Self-Play in Large Games

    Jun 22, 2026Tristan Maidment, JB Lanier, Chase McDonald +5Self-PlayImperfect-Information Games

    1Riot Games · 3New York University · University of California, Irvine

  40. Superhuman AI for Generals.io Using Self-Play Reinforcement Learning

    Jun 22, 2026Matej Straka, Viliam Lisý, Martin SchmidSelf-PlaySimulation-Based Reinforcement Learning

    Department of Applied Mathematics, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic · Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Czech Republic · Charles University +1

  41. GeoRouteNet: Geometry-Enhanced Non-Autoregressive Neural Solver for the Traveling Salesman Problem

    Jun 22, 2026Xiang LiSalesman ProblemNeural Solvers

    College of Computer Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China

  42. GARIP: A Running-Average Moving Reference for Last-Iterate Self-Play in Two-Player Zero-Sum Games

    Jun 21, 2026Can SavcıImperfect-Information GamesSelf-Play

    Independent Researcher İzmir, Türkiye

  43. Scaling Self-Play for End-to-End Driving

    Jun 17, 2026Luke Rowe, Roger Girgis, Rodrigue de Schaetzen +6Causality-Aware End-To-End Autonomous DrivingSelf-Play

    Mila · Université de Montréal · Polytechnique Montréal +4

  44. TerraTransfer: Learning End-to-End Driving Policies Without Expert Demonstrations

    Jun 16, 2026Zikang Xiong, Weixin Li, Zhouchonghao Wu +6Autonomous DrivingUnsupervised On-Policy Self-Distillation

    1Applied Intuition · 2UCLA · 3UC Berkeley

  45. Discovering Lattice Reduction Strategies via Self-Play

    Jun 13, 2026Mohamed Malhou, Kristin Lauter, Ludovic PerretSelf-PlayMonte Carlo Tree Search

    FAIR, Meta Superintelligence Labs & Sorbonne Université CNRS, LIP6 Paris, France · EPITA, EPITA Research Lab (LRE) Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France

  46. Human-like autonomy emerges from self-play and a pinch of human data

    Jun 11, 2026Daphne Cornelisse, Julian Hunt, Zixu Zhang +4Self-PlayRandom

    1NYU Tandon School of Engineering · 2NYU Courant · 3Princeton University +2

  47. Teacher-Free Self-Training Amplifies but Does Not Compound: A Pass@KK Crossover on a Free-Verifier Domain

    Jun 5, 2026Igor Lima StrozziSelf-PlayCritic-Free Reinforcement Learning

    Applied Mathematics Department Federal University of Rio de Janeiro

  48. CoPark: Learning Reactive Parking via Self-Play

    Jun 2, 2026Jiarong Wei, Yanxing Chen, Sinuo Song +3Residual PolicyMulti-Agent Reinforcement Learning

    Department of Computer Science, University of Freiburg, Germany · CARIAD SE, Germany · Technical University of Munich, Germany

  49. Learn from Your Mistakes: Tree-like Self-Play for Secure Code LLMs

    Jun 2, 2026Wenqi Chen, Ziyan Zhang, Bin Wang +3Vulnerable CodeLarge Language Model Safety

    University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China · Peking University, Beijing, China · University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China +2

  50. A Theoretical Framework for Self-Play Theorem Proving Algorithms

    Jun 1, 2026Thomas Chen, Zhiyuan LiTheorem ProvingSelf-Play

  51. S-SPPO: Semantic-Calibrated Self-Play Preference Optimization

    Jun 1, 2026Xiwen Chen, Wenhui Zhu, Jingjing Wang +13Self-Play

    Morgan Stanley, USA · Arizona State University, USA · Clemson University, USA +5

  52. SCOPE: Self-Play via Co-Evolving Policies for Open-Ended Tasks

    May 29, 2026Wai-Chung Kwan, Aryo Pradipta Gema, Joshua Ong Jun Leang +1Self-PlayTask-Specific Rubrics

    University of Edinburgh · Imperial College London

  53. Not All Synthetic Data Is Yours to Learn From

    May 29, 2026Sina Alemohammad, Li Chen, Richard G. Baraniuk +1Synthetic Training DataSynthetic Data

    ECE Department The University of Texas at Austin · Apple · ECE Department Rice University

  54. On the Geometry of Games and their Solvers

    May 28, 2026Yaqi Sun, Julian Ma, David MguniGame TheoryEquilibrium

    Queen Mary University of London · University College London

  55. DUEL: Adversarial Self-Play for Multimodal Reasoning

    May 24, 2026Lin Qiu, Hanqing Zeng, Yao Liu +3Recent Vision-Language ModelsVisual Reasoning

    Meta AI

  56. Self-Play Reinforcement Learning under Imperfect Information in Big 2

    May 21, 2026Aalok PatwaSelf-PlayImperfect-Information Games

    University of Pennsylvania

  57. Superhuman Safe and Agile Racing through Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning

    May 21, 2026Ismail Geles, Leonard Bauersfeld, Markus Wulfmeier +1Multi-Agent Reinforcement LearningMulti-Robot Systems

    Robotics and Perception Group, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland · Google DeepMind, London, United Kingdom

  58. Survive or Collapse: The Asymmetric Roles of Data Gating and Reward Grounding in Self-Play RL

    May 21, 2026Sophia Xiao Pu, Zhaotian Weng, Chengzhi Liu +4Self-PlayUnsupervised On-Policy Self-Distillation

    University of California, Santa Barbara · Cisco Research

  59. GeoX: Mastering Geospatial Reasoning Through Self-Play and Verifiable Rewards

    May 19, 2026Kyeongjin Ahn, Seungeon Lee, Krishna P. Gummadi +1Geospatial ReasoningGeogs-Slam

    KAIST · MPI-SWS · MPI-SP

  60. GAE Falls Short in Imperfect-Information Self-Play Reinforcement Learning

    May 19, 2026Zhiyuan Fan, Gabriele FarinaProximal Policy OptimizationSoft Actor-Critic

    MIT