RoboSynChallenge: Mastering Real-World Dexterity via Generalizing Synthesized Manipulation Skills

Scaling data volume and diversity is critical for generalizing embodied intelligence. While synthetic data generation offers a scalable alternative to expensive physical data acquisition, transferring robotic manipulation policies from simulation to the real world (sim-to-real) remains a formidable challenge due to the domain gap. This paper presents HyperSim, a holistic framework spanning from synthetic data generation to policy training and seamless real-world deployment. To systematically bridge the sim-to-real gap, HyperSim is realized through three core pillars: high-fidelity environment synthesis, adversarial trajectory generation, and sim-and-real co-training. Collectively, these modules address domain discrepancies by enhancing visual fidelity, expanding data coverage, and enforcing domain-invariant representations. We rigorously validate HyperSim through a large-scale empirical study involving 400 real-world task executions across two representative manipulation models. Assessed across three fine-grained metrics, our complete pipeline achieves remarkable sim-to-real success rates of 80% and 95% with ACT and π_{0}, respectively. Furthermore, policies trained on our adversarial trajectories exhibit significantly enhanced robustness against dynamic uncertainties, achieving a 35% higher completion rate under physical perturbations.

Learning a generalist control policy for robotic manipulation typically relies on large-scale datasets. Given the high cost of real-world data collection, a practical alternative is to generate synthetic data through simulation. However, the resulting synthetic data often exhibits a significant gap from real-world distributions. While many prior studies have proposed algorithms to bridge the Sim-to-Real discrepancy, there remains a lack of principled research that grounds these methods in real-world manipulation tasks, particularly their performance on generalist policies such as Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models. In this study, we empirically examine the primary determinants of Sim-to-Real generalization across four dimensions: multi-level domain randomization, photorealistic rendering, physics-realistic modeling, and reinforcement learning updates. To support this study, we design a comprehensive evaluation protocol to quantify the real-world performance of manipulation tasks. The protocol accounts for key variations in background, lighting, distractors, object types, and spatial features. Through experiments involving over 10k real-world trials, we derive critical insights into Sim-to-Real transfer. To inform and advance future studies, we release both the robotic platforms and the evaluation protocol for public access to facilitate independent verification, thereby establishing a realistic and standardized benchmark for robotic manipulation policies.

Generalist robot manipulation policies have advanced rapidly, yet existing benchmarks remain limited in systematically evaluating their capabilities. Many rely on simple, short-horizon, or skill-narrow tasks with limited capability coverage, and are often conducted only in simulation or only in the real world. Simulation enables scalable feedback but misses physical deployment challenges, while real-world evaluation is costly, time-consuming, and difficult to reproduce. We introduce RoboDojo, a unified sim-and-real benchmark for comprehensive evaluation of generalist robot manipulation policies. RoboDojo includes 42 simulation tasks and 18 real-world tasks covering diverse and complementary manipulation capabilities. The simulation benchmark evaluates five dimensions: generalization, memory, precision, long-horizon execution, and open-vocabulary instruction following, while the real-world benchmark exposes policies to challenging physical-world deployment conditions. RoboDojo supports scalable evaluation through heterogeneous parallel simulation in Isaac Sim and provides RoboDojo-RealEval, a reproducible real-world evaluation system with remote cloud access, standardized hardware, scene reset, evaluation protocol, and deployment interface. Together with XPolicyLab, policies can be integrated once and evaluated across simulation and real-world settings with minimal adaptation. We integrate 30 policies into XPolicyLab and evaluate them on RoboDojo, establishing a public leaderboard and systematic analysis of current policy performance. The website is available at http://robodojo-benchmark.com/.