cs.ROSep 7, 2026

SPOT: Spatial Perception-Oriented Long-Horizon Humanoid Teleoperation

Authors: Lixing Fang, Ziyan Xiong, Sunli Chen, Zhiyang Dou, Chuang Gan

Organizations: University of Massachusetts Amherst · Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Abstract

High-quality demonstration data is becoming a central bottleneck for training general-purpose humanoid robots. While recent humanoid teleoperation systems have made substantial progress in retargeting human motion to robot motion, long-horizon loco-manipulation requires another capability: operators must maintain task-relevant spatial awareness over time, e.g., object locations, surrounding environments, the robot's pose. We call the extent of this awareness the operator's perceptual horizon. However, existing methods often shorten this: narrow views miss peripheral events, robot-mounted cameras become unstable during locomotion, and coupled head-view control makes looking around interfere with robot motion. We present SPOT, a Spatial Perception-Oriented VR Teleoperation system for collecting long-horizon humanoid demonstration data by providing extended perceptual horizon. SPOT combines a robot-mounted binocular fisheye camera, a wide-field stereoscopic display, viewpoint-decoupled free-looking, and visual stabilization to provide a robot-centric view that is wide, stable, and actively inspectable. Unlike conventional egocentric interfaces, SPOT decouples visual exploration from robot actuation: the egocentric stereo observation is rendered on a virtual hemisphere around the operator, so natural head rotations change where the operator looks within the wide-field view rather than commanding the robot head, camera, or torso. We evaluate SPOT on perception-critical humanoid data-collection tasks spanning drop recovery, peripheral retrieval, large-workspace bimanual manipulation, fine alignment, and dynamic interaction. SPOT improves efficiency, accuracy, and recovery speed, demonstrating its effectiveness for user-friendly and scalable long-horizon humanoid data collection.

Explore similar work

Jul 9, 2026cs.RO

AgenticFocus: Object-Preserving Mixed Reality Synthesis from Human FPV Video for Dexterous Humanoid Learning

Human egocentric video is a scalable supervision source for humanoid policy learning, but current pipelines struggle with hand-object occlusion, oversimplified motion, or specialized capture hardware. We introduce AgenticFocus, a Mixed Reality synthesis pipeline that converts ordinary first-person-view human videos into robot-trainable demonstrations by restoring occluded object geometry, reconstructing full-hand motion, and retargeting it to a humanoid embodiment through camera-relative alignment and layered compositing. The resulting dataset pairs focused visual observations with synchronized robot actions and states. AgenticFocus achieves lower trajectory error and smoother wrist motion than cross-embodiment baselines, with SPARC scores of -5.18 versus -5.56 and -6.05.
Iaroslav Kolomiets, Miguel Altamirano Cabrera, Artem Lykov +6
May 20, 2026cs.RO

Humanoid Whole-Body Manipulation via Active Spatial Brain and Generalizable Action Cerebellum

In this paper, we explore spatial-aware humanoid whole-body manipulation task. Compared with tabletop settings, this task poses two key challenges: 1) Spatial understanding is challenging in complex 3D environments with diverse spatial relations. 2) Action generation is difficult to generalize, as limited and costly real-robot data restricts data-driven models generalization. To address these challenges, we propose a generalizable humanoid loco-manipulation framework that leverages the spatial perception and action generation capabilities of multi-agent large models. Specifically, our framework includes two components: Active Spatial Brain for active spatial perception and decision-making, and Generalizable Action Cerebellum for executable robot action generation. The first component actively perceives the spatial scene and makes decisions on task planning and subtask decomposition. The second component generate executable robot actions based on the decisions made by the first module without needs of task-specific real robot data. To benchmark our framework, we design a set of spatial manipulation tasks from two perspectives: evaluating spatial perception and understanding, and assessing real-robot task performance. The results demonstrate strong performance on both aspects across diverse tasks and environments.
Zhizhao Liang, Yi-Lin Wei, Xuhang Chen +6
Aug 3, 2026cs.RO

Teleopit: A Full-Embodiment Humanoid Teleoperation System

Humanoid teleoperation for demonstration collection requires coordinated whole-body motion, continuous dexterous hand control, and viewpoint control. Existing systems either simplify hand commands or depend on dedicated wearable sensors for fine-grained hand motion. We introduce Teleopit, a full-embodiment teleoperation system that maps body, hand, and head signals from VR to a humanoid body, configurable dexterous hands, and a 2-DoF active vision module. A history encoder and failure-aware rewind sampling improve the motion tracker on both motion-capture and live VR references. An optimization-based hand retargeter combines normalized finger directions, fingertip closure, and thumb-frame alignment to map human hand motion to different dexterous hands without tuning hand-specific objective or solver hyperparameters. Component experiments evaluate tracking success rate and retargeting behavior, while real-robot teleoperation demonstrates coordinated locomotion, manipulation, and viewpoint control. ACT and GR00T N1.7 policies trained on 96 successful demonstrations collected with Teleopit achieve task success rates of 90.0% and 95.0%, respectively, when deployed on the humanoid. The project page is available at https://botrunner64.github.io/teleopit-page.
Bingqian Wu, Zicheng Xu, Xianghui Fan +2