Organizations: AutoLab, School of Artificial Intelligence, Shanghai Jiao Tong University · Voyager Research, Didi Chuxing · The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen
High-fidelity closed-loop simulation for autonomous driving increasingly relies on dense multi-view 3D reconstruction. While recent feed-forward geometric foundation models have revolutionized per-scene optimization, applying them to continuous, long-horizon driving sequences is computationally intractable due to GPU memory limits and the quadratic complexity of global attention. Existing scaling strategies are fundamentally limited, as causal streaming suffers from compounding scale drift and trajectory deviation, while rigid "chunk-then-align" heuristics fragment global context and produce trajectory discontinuities. To address these limitations, we introduce Drive3R, a block-wise streaming geometric foundation model. Its block-wise causal attention resolves the scalability bottleneck of fully bidirectional attention while avoiding the loss of local future context in purely causal streaming. Its confidence-aware re-anchoring further mitigates long-range drift by detecting unreliable streaming states, re-initializing the KV cache, and stitching refreshed segments through SE(3) alignment. Extensive experiments demonstrate that Drive3R establishes a new state-of-the-art on nuScenes, KITTI, and Waymo. Specifically, on nuScenes, it improves over the recent DVGT-2 baseline from 0.1806 to 0.1081 in AbsRel, from 0.6750 to 0.5344 in point-cloud Accuracy, and from 1.5812 to 0.9092 in ATE.
Figures & tables
Figure 1: Teaser of Drive3R. Compared with the per-frame streaming baseline DVGT-2 [ 34 ] , Drive3R reconstructs cleaner and more coherent long-horizon driving scenes with better preserved road geometry. The radar chart further shows state-of-the-art performance across depth, point-cloud, and ego-motion metrics on nuScenes [ 1 ] , Waymo [ 15 ] , and KITTI [ 5 ] .
Figure 2: Paradigm comparison between previous sequence processing strategies (offline, streaming, chunk-then-align) and our proposed block-wise streaming approach, Drive3R.
Figure 3: The pipeline of our method. Multi-view image streams are processed in a block-wise manner. Each image block is first encoded with intrinsic priors and then processed by a spatio-temporal decoder. By maintaining a streamed KV memory across consecutive blocks, the model continuously extracts consistent geometry features for multi-task predictions, including ego-centric motion and dense metric 3D reconstruction.
Model
Depth
Point Cloud
Ego-Motion
AbsRel ↓
δ<1.25↑
Acc. ↓
Comp. ↓
AUC@30 ↑
ATE ↓
Offline
VGGT* [ 19 ]
0.2386
0.7657
0.9033
1.4851
86.78
3.2108
π3x [ 22 ]
0.5005
0.3273
0.7513
1.5304
77.04
6.9732
DA3-Nested [ 10 ]
0.3970
0.3629
1.0020
2.0973
79.20
3.3885
DVGT [ 33 ]
0.4698
0.4183
0.9653
1.6218
85.58
3.6566
Table 1: Quantitative comparison on Waymo [ 15 ] under the 15-frame, full-view setting. Best results are bolded , and second best are underlined . * indicates models predicting relative scale that are aligned to recover the metric scale.
Figure 4: Qualitative comparison with per-frame streaming baselines. Red boxes highlight representative local regions where our method recovers cleaner geometry and sharper object structures.
Methods
KITTI [ 5 ] Stereo 2Hz (ATE ↓ )
Avg. ↓
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
T=909V=2 3.7km
T=221V=2 2.5km
T=933V=2 5.1km
T=161V=2 0.6km
T=55V=2 0.4km
T=553V=2 2.2km
T=221V=2 1.2km
T=221V=2 0.7km
T=815V=2 3.2km
T=319V=2 1.7km
T=241V=2 0.9km
Per-frame Streaming
CUT3R [ 20 ]
181.0
692.4
271.6
51.3
16.2
147.5
133.3
84.8
256.1
155.6
63.0
186.6
TTT3R [ 2 ]
181.1
68.6
243.2
16.2
6.3
138.8
127.5
64.9
126.3
110.4
43.3
102.4
DVGT-2 [ 34 ]
148.4
29.6
252.9
15.6
2.8
59.2
12.1
5.2
181.2
105.5
18.2
75.5
Table 3: Quantitative comparison on KITTI [ 5 ] Stereo 2Hz. The metric is ATE after Sim(3) alignment. † Average over completed sequences only; missing StreamVGGT [ 32 ] entries failed with OOM.
Figure 5: Qualitative trajectory comparison on KITTI [ 5 ] sequences 09 and 10. The dashed gray curves denote ground-truth poses, and the solid teal curves denote estimated poses. Our method produces trajectories that are more consistent with the ground truth and obtains lower ATE.
Setting
Depth
Point Cloud
Ego-Motion
AbsRel
δ<1.25
Acc.
Comp.
AUC@30
ATE
↓
↑
↓
↓
↑
↓
w/o Conf.
0.1730
0.8274
0.8320
0.7918
70.66
18.1769
w/ Conf.
0.1063
0.9039
0.7129
0.6137
88.16
4.1422
Table 4: Re-anchoring ablation on nuScenes [ 1 ] .