Continuous-Time Safe Planning and Control for Agile Quadrupeds
Organizations: Amazon Fulfillment Technologies & Robotics, Westborough MA, USA. · University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52240. · Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Abstract
Agile quadruped navigation in dynamic environments demands trajectories that are both dynamically feasible and provably collision-free. Most real-time planners achieve tractability through a convex reduction that requires simplified kinematic models, discarding motion that the robot can readily execute, and certify safety only at discretization points, leaving open possible inter-sample collisions with moving obstacles. We present a real-time motion planning framework that retains the fully-actuated model of a quadruped, with its anisotropic, heading-coupled velocity bounds, and accepts the resulting nonconvexity. By parameterizing trajectories as composite Bernstein polynomials, we exploit the convex hull property to certify collision avoidance and the input bounds over the entirety of each planning horizon. Solved at online replanning rates, the optimization runs in closed loop, commanding body velocities to the locomotion controller. We validate the approach in simulation against ablations and external baselines, and in hardware experiments on a quadruped navigating among unknown moving obstacles, recovering both lateral and heading-coupled motion that simplified models exclude.
Figures & tables
| planner | success | collision | timeout | solve med/p95 [ms] | mission [s] |
| static | |||||
| holo (ours) | 50/50 | 0 | 0 | 5.2 / 8.8 | 9.7 |
| uni | 49/50 | 0 | 1 | 3.2 / 6.4 | 15.5 |
| int-vx | 44/50 | 0 | 6 | 5.1 / 9.4 | 15.1 |
| int-vy | 50/50 | 0 | 0 | 4.1 / 8.4 | 16.5 |
| layered [ 26 ] | 39/50 | 0 | 11 | – | 24.8 |
Safe Motion Planning
Safe motion planning develops methods for robots and vehicles to reach goals while avoiding collisions and respecting dynamic and uncertainty constraints.
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