GUI Agents

GUI agents use multimodal models to interpret screens and carry out tasks through clicks, typing, dragging, and sometimes structured accessibility or command-line tools. Researchers improve them with supervised demonstrations, reinforcement learning in interactive environments, symbolic planning, memory, and verification of action outcomes. Benchmarks such as OSWorld, AndroidWorld, and WebArena test agents across desktop, mobile, and web tasks, with newer evaluations emphasizing real apps and long professional workflows. Agents can handle many routine tasks, but precise grounding, cross-app generalization, error recovery, safety, and efficient long-horizon execution remain difficult.