Large Reasoning Models

Ask about this topic

Overview

Large reasoning models study how language models can solve difficult problems by allocating computation across intermediate steps, tools, and alternative solution paths. Common approaches include reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards, supervised reasoning-trace distillation, tool use, search over sequential or parallel paths, and latent recurrent computation. Evaluation spans mathematics, coding, science question answering, logic, and multimodal tasks, measuring not only accuracy but also compute use, robustness, and the quality of intermediate reasoning. A central tension is that extra thinking can help on hard problems but also produce loops, errors, and safety risks, so researchers are developing adaptive stopping and compression while testing whether reasoning traces reliably reflect how answers are formed.

Latest papers

CardsList

339 papers25 papers in the last four weeks, up 4% on the four weeks before. 0.1% of all new papers.

  1. TrigReason: Trigger-Based Collaboration between Small and Large Reasoning Models

    Apr 16, 2026Yi Zhao, Yajuan Peng, Cam-Tu Nguyen +4Efficient Language Model ReasoningLLM Inference Acceleration

    AGI Institute, School of Computer Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China · Shanghai Key Laboratory for Intelligent Information Processing, Fudan University · State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University +2

  2. Co-FactChecker: A Framework for Human-AI Collaborative Claim Verification Using Large Reasoning Models

    Apr 15, 2026Dhruv Sahnan, Subhabrata Dutta, Tanmoy Chakraborty +2Automated Fact-CheckingHuman-AI Collaboration

    MBZUAI, UAE · TU Darmstadt, Germany · IIT Delhi, India

  3. Quantifying and Understanding Uncertainty in Large Reasoning Models

    Apr 15, 2026Yangyi Li, Chenxu Zhao, Mengdi HuaiLLM Uncertainty EstimationLarge Reasoning Models

    Department of Computer Science, Iowa State University

  4. Empirical Evidence of Complexity-Induced Limits in Large Language Models on Finite Discrete State-Space Problems with Explicit Validity Constraints

    Apr 15, 2026Md. Fahad Ullah Utsho, Mohd. Ruhul Ameen, Akif Islam +2LLM EvaluationLarge Reasoning Models

    Department of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh · College of Engineering and Computer Sciences, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, USA · Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh

  5. Heuristic Classification of Thoughts Prompting (HCoT): Integrating Expert System Heuristics for Structured Reasoning into Large Language Models

    Apr 14, 2026Lei Lin, Jizhao Zhu, Yong Liu +3Structured Reasoning in Language ModelsConstraint-Guided Reasoning in Language Models

    Computer Network Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China · Shenyang Aerospace University · ZGC LAB, Beijing,China +1

  6. Conflicts Make Large Reasoning Models Vulnerable to Attacks

    Apr 10, 2026Honghao Liu, Chengjin Xu, Xuhui Jiang +5LLM SafetyLarge Reasoning Models

    International Digital Economy Academy · The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou) · DataArc Tech +1

  7. Think Less, Know More: State-Aware Reasoning Compression with Knowledge Guidance for Efficient Reasoning

    Apr 10, 2026Yi Sui, Chaozhuo Li, Dawei SongCoT CompressionEfficient Language Model Reasoning

    Beijing Institute of Technology, China · Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, China · The Open University, UK

  8. When to Trust Tools? Adaptive Tool Trust Calibration For Tool-Integrated Math Reasoning

    Apr 9, 2026Ruotao Xu, Yixin Ji, Yu Luo +5Tool-Integrated ReasoningLLM Reasoning

    School of Computer Science and Technology, Soochow University · Department of Foundation Model, 2012 Labs, Huawei · Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen (HITSZ)

  9. SAT: Balancing Reasoning Accuracy and Efficiency with Stepwise Adaptive Thinking

    Apr 9, 2026Weiyang Huang, Xuefeng Bai, Kehai Chen +4Efficient Language Model ReasoningOverthinking in Language Models

    Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China · Huawei Technologies

  10. Unified Deployment-Aware Evaluation of Open Reasoning Language Models

    Apr 8, 2026Md Motaleb Hossen Manik, Ge WangLLM EvaluationLanguage Model Reasoning Evaluation

    Department of Computer Science, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute · Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

  11. On the Step Length Confounding in LLM Reasoning Data Selection

    Apr 8, 2026Bing Wang, Rui Miao, Chen Shen +7Large Reasoning Models

    College of Computer Science and Technology, Jilin University · Key Laboratory of Symbolic Computation and Knowledge Engineering, MoE, Jilin University · Alibaba Cloud Computing +4

  12. When Is Thinking Enough? Early Exit via Sufficiency Assessment for Efficient Reasoning

    Apr 8, 2026Yang Xiang, Yixin Ji, Ruotao Xu +4Efficient Language Model ReasoningLarge Reasoning Models

    Soochow University · ByteDance

  13. Reasoning Fails Where Step Flow Breaks

    Apr 8, 2026Xiaoyu Xu, Yulan Pan, Xiaosong Yuan +4LLM ReasoningLarge Reasoning Models

    Shanghai Jiao Tong University · Fuzhou University · Jilin University

  14. Multi-objective Evolutionary Merging Enables Efficient Reasoning Models

    Apr 7, 2026Mario Iacobelli, Adrian Robert Minut, Tommaso Mencattini +4Efficient Language Model ReasoningLanguage Model Merging

    Independent Researcher · Sapienza University of Rome · EPFL +2

  15. Understanding Performance Gap Between Parallel and Sequential Sampling in Large Reasoning Models

    Apr 7, 2026Xiangming Gu, Soham De, Larisa Markeeva +2Parallel Reasoning in Language ModelsLarge Reasoning Models

    Google DeepMind · National University of Singapore

  16. Early Stopping for Large Reasoning Models via Confidence Dynamics

    Apr 6, 2026Parsa Hosseini, Sumit Nawathe, Mahdi Salmani +2Early Stopping for Language Model ReasoningEarly Stopping

    University of Maryland · University of Southern California

  17. What Makes Good Multilingual Reasoning? Disentangling Traces with Measurable Features

    Apr 6, 2026Dayeon Ki, Kevin Duh, Marine CarpuatMultilingual Language Model EvaluationCross-Lingual Reasoning in Language Models

    University of Maryland · Johns Hopkins University

  18. Towards Unveiling Vulnerabilities of Large Reasoning Models in Machine Unlearning

    Apr 5, 2026Aobo Chen, Chenxu Zhao, Chenglin Miao +1Machine UnlearningLLM Unlearning

    Iowa State University, Ames IA 50011, USA

  19. Selective Forgetting for Large Reasoning Models

    Apr 4, 2026Tuan Le, Wei Qian, Mengdi HuaiLLM UnlearningLarge Reasoning Models

    Iowa State University, Ames IA 50011, USA

  20. NeuReasoner: Towards Explainable, Controllable, and Unified Reasoning via Mixture-of-Neurons

    Apr 3, 2026Haonan Dong, Kehan Jiang, Haoran Ye +3Large Reasoning ModelsEfficient Language Model Reasoning

    State Key Laboratory of General Artificial Intelligence, School of Intelligence Science and Technology, Peking University · School of Software and Microelectronics, Peking University

  21. FoE: Forest of Errors Makes the First Solution the Best in Large Reasoning Models

    Apr 3, 2026Kehan Jiang, Haonan Dong, Zhaolu Kang +2Efficient Language Model ReasoningLarge Reasoning Models

    School of Software and Microelectronics, Peking University · State Key Laboratory of General Artificial Intelligence, School of Intelligence Science and Technology, Peking University

  22. Apriel-Reasoner: RL Post-Training for General-Purpose and Efficient Reasoning

    Apr 2, 2026Rafael Pardinas, Ehsan Kamalloo, David Vazquez +1LLM Inference EfficiencyRL for Language Model Reasoning

    ServiceNow AI Research

  23. Scaling Reasoning Tokens via RL and Parallel Thinking: Evidence From Competitive Programming

    Apr 1, 2026Qianfan Zhang, Tianyu Guo, Xuandi Ren +4Parallel Reasoning in Language ModelsTest-Time Scaling

    Princeton University · UC Berkeley · Stanford University +1

  24. Reasoning Shift: How Context Silently Shortens LLM Reasoning

    Apr 1, 2026Gleb Rodionov, Roman Garipov, George YakushevLanguage Model RobustnessLLM Context Management

    Yandex · HSE University

  25. CogRAG: Tackling Heterogeneous Cognitive Demands in RAG via Stratified Retrieval and Reasoning

    Apr 1, 2026Xudong Wang, Zilong Wang, Kui Su +1Structured Reasoning in Language ModelsAdaptive RAG

    School of Computer and Computing Science, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310015, China · Institute of Digital Twin, Eastern Institute of Technology, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315200, China · Innovation Center of Yangtze River Delta, Zhejiang University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang 314100, China

  26. ERPO: Token-Level Entropy-Regulated Policy Optimization for Large Reasoning Models

    Mar 30, 2026Song Yu, Li Li, Wenwen Zhao +1RL for Language Model ReasoningRL for Language Models

    School of Computer and Information Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China

  27. RASPRef: Retrieval-Augmented Self-Supervised Prompt Refinement for Large Reasoning Models

    Mar 27, 2026Rahul SoniLLM Input OptimizationLLM Prompting

    Independent Researcher

  28. Why Models Know But Don't Say: Chain-of-Thought Faithfulness Divergence Between Thinking Tokens and Answers in Open-Weight Reasoning Models

    Mar 27, 2026Richard J. YoungCoT FaithfulnessLarge Reasoning Models

    University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Department of Management, Entrepreneurship and Technology, Lee Business School, Las Vegas, NV, USA · DeepNeuro AI, Las Vegas, NV, USA

  29. The Price Reversal Phenomenon: When Cheaper Reasoning Models Cost More

    Mar 25, 2026Lingjiao Chen, Chi Zhang, Yeye He +3Cost-Aware InferenceLarge Reasoning Models

    Stanford University · Microsoft Research · CMU +1

  30. How Utilitarian Are OpenAI's Models Really? Replicating and Reinterpreting Pfeffer, Krügel, and Uhl (2025)

    Mar 24, 2026Johannes HimmelreichPrompt SensitivityMoral Reasoning in Language Models