Moral Reasoning in Language Models

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  1. Justice After Identity: Large Language Models and the View from Everywhere

    Oct 6, 2026W. Russell NeumanMoral Reasoning in Language ModelsMoral Reasoning

  2. Principled Under Pressure: Post-Training Decides Whether LLMs Act on Their Own Moral Judgment

    Oct 6, 2026Orion Reblitz-RichardsonMoral Reasoning in Language ModelsLanguage Model Post-Training

    Distiller Labs

  3. OMIT the Action: Measuring Framing-Invariant Omission Bias under Philosophical Disagreement

    Oct 6, 2026Sihyeon Lee, Jihun Song, Chanwoo Kim +2Moral Reasoning in Language ModelsFraming Effects in Language Models

    Soongsil University

  4. Echoes of Deeds: Moral History Can Shape and Steer LLM Behavioral Choices

    Sep 28, 2026Lucio La Cava, Andrea TagarelliMoral Reasoning in Language ModelsLLM Auditing

    DIMES Dept., University of Calabria, Italy

  5. Refusal Reads Only a Slice of What the Model Knows: Harm-Keyed Routing and Its Exceptions Across Model Families

    Sep 13, 2026Orion Reblitz-RichardsonLLM AlignmentMoral Reasoning in Language Models

    Distiller Labs.

  6. Human-like moral judgments conceal divergent motive attributions in large language models

    Sep 7, 2026Xiaoyan Wu, Jean-Claude DreherLLM EvaluationMoral Reasoning in Language Models

    Department of Adult Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland · Institut des Sciences Cognitives Marc Jeannerod, CNRS UMR 5229, Lyon, France

  7. HarvestBench: Measuring Whether LLM Agents Will Pay to Avoid Killing Animals

    Sep 3, 2026Jasmine Brazilek, Miles Tidmarsh, Matthias Endres +2Moral Reasoning in Language ModelsLLM Safety Alignment

    Compassion Aligned Machine Learning (CaML) · Department of Economics, University of Warwick

  8. Representational alignment yields generalizable safety in language models

    Sep 3, 2026Lingyu Li, Yan Teng, Yingchun Wang +1Moral Reasoning in Language ModelsLLM Safety Alignment

    Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Shanghai, China

  9. Caught in the Story: Narrative Captivity in Multi-turn LLMs Conversation

    Sep 3, 2026Yuhe Wu, Guangyu Wang, Yujie Chen +7Moral Reasoning in Language ModelsLLM Reliability

    1The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou) · 2The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen · 3Dongbei University of Finance and Economics

  10. Synthetic Persona Pretraining: Alignment from Token Zero

    Aug 13, 2026Julian Minder, Viktor Moskvoretskii, Raghav Singhal +12Synthetic Data PretrainingLLM Alignment

    EPFL · SJTU · Northeastern University +8

  11. Follow the Norm: Accounting for Fine-Tuning and Prompt Effects on Model Rationales

    Aug 13, 2026Long Hoang Nguyen, Brice Valentin Kok-Shun, Guangyu Du +1Moral Reasoning in Language ModelsNormative Conformity in Language Models

    1Technical University of Munich · University of Auckland

  12. Toward Human Rights Benchmarking for LLMs: A Pilot Methodology

    Aug 10, 2026Savannah Thais, Wm. Matthew Kennedy, Abhigyan Acherjee +3LLM EvaluationMoral Reasoning in Language Models

    Hunter College, New York, USA · Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, UK · King’s College London, UK +2

  13. CORDA: A Benchmark for Hierarchical Harm-Centric Moral Reasoning in Large Language Models

    Aug 8, 2026Siddarth Singh, Victoria Williams, Simon Rosen +6LLM EvaluationMoral Reasoning in Language Models

    University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

  14. Contextual Value Alignment via Multilayer Combinatorial Fusion

    Aug 7, 2026Yuanhong Wu, Djallel Bouneffouf, D. Frank HsuLLM AlignmentMoral Reasoning in Language Models

    Dept. of Computer and Information Science, Fordham University, New York, NY, USA · T. J. Watson Research Center, IBM Research, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA

  15. The Judgment-Consequence Gap: LLM Moral Reasoning in Healthcare Decisions

    Aug 6, 2026Hadi Hosseini, Samarth Khanna, Leona PierceMoral Reasoning in Language ModelsClinical Decision-Making

    Pennsylvania State University

  16. Beyond Sycophancy: Structured Resistance and Compliance in LLM Moral Reasoning

    Jul 23, 2026Baihui Wang, Bernard KochLLM SycophancyMoral Reasoning in Language Models

    University of Chicago · 2Yale School of Management

  17. A Unified Moral-Value Dataset for Instruction Tuning

    Jul 23, 2026Zhaohui Zeng, Florian MaiLLM AlignmentMoral Reasoning in Language Models

    1RWTH Aachen · University of Bonn · 3Lamarr Institute for Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence

  18. Which Values Do LLMs Confuse? A Schwartz-Based Recognition Study

    Jul 22, 2026Andrei Chetvergov, Stepan Ukolov, Timofei Sivoraksha +5LLM EvaluationMoral Reasoning in Language Models

    Ivannikov Institute for System Programming of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia · Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia

  19. Don't Want Your LLM to Recommend Nuclear Strike? Try Asking It in Japanese

    Jul 21, 2026Rian TouchentMoral Reasoning in Language ModelsLanguage Model Safety Evaluation

    ALMAnaCH · Sorbonne Université / INRIA Paris ALMAnaCH Team

  20. Pancasila-Dilemmas: Evaluating Large Language Models on Indonesian Human Value Dilemmas Grounded in Pancasila

    Jul 20, 2026Supryadi, Irfan, Julianti +4LLM EvaluationLLM Alignment

    TJUNLP Lab, School of Computer Science and Technology, Tianjin University, China · Universitas Universal, Indonesia · Beijing Language and Culture University, Beijing, China +2

  21. A Geometric Perspective on Stabilizing Value Conflict Resolution

    Jul 20, 2026Saket Reddy, Andy LiuLLM AlignmentMoral Reasoning in Language Models

    Supervised Program for Alignment Research (SPAR) · University of Illinois - Urbana-Champaign · Carnegie Mellon University

  22. MET: Theory-Grounded and Culture-Aware Multilingual Moral Reasoning

    Jul 13, 2026Ayoung Lee, Ryan Kwon, Yunxiang Zhang +3Multilingual Language Model EvaluationMoral Reasoning in Language Models

    Department of Computer Science and Engineering · Department of Philosophy

  23. Toward Contemplative LLM: A Modular Framework for Evaluating and Enhancing LLM Alignment in Mental Health

    Jul 12, 2026Asher Sprigler, Yang-Yang Feng, Iftach Amir +5LLM AlignmentMoral Reasoning in Language Models

    Electrical and Computer Engineering Purdue University West Lafayette, IN, USA · Biomedical Engineering Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis, MO, USA · Psychological & Brain Sciences Washington University in St. Louis St. Louis, MO, USA +3

  24. Two Confounds in Cross-Model Value Comparison: Response Determinism and the Access Harness

    Jul 11, 2026Hong-In Won, Jinseok Jang, Hyoseop KimLLM EvaluationMoral Reasoning in Language Models

    KITECH, Incheon, Republic of Korea · National Research Council of Science and Technology (NST), Sejong, Republic of Korea · KITECH, Daegu, Republic of Korea

  25. Validity of LLMs as data annotators: AMALIA on authority

    Jul 9, 2026Manuel PitaMultilingual Language Model EvaluationMoral Reasoning in Language Models

    Artificial Intelligence, Social Interaction and Complexity Laboratory · CICANT, Universidade Lusófona

  26. The yes-no bias of large language models reflects answer order and wording, not shifts in moral judgment

    Jul 6, 2026Haonan HuangMoral Reasoning in Language ModelsFraming Effects in Language Models

    Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA

  27. NormWorlds-CF: Solver-Verified Counterfactual Normative Reasoning with Metamorphic-Relation GRPO

    Jul 4, 2026Xinqi ZhangCounterfactual EvaluationMoral Reasoning in Language Models

    Tsinghua University

  28. Can LLMs Imagine Moral Alternatives Beyond Binary Dilemmas?

    Jun 30, 2026Jongchan Choi, Nari Yang, Sung Soo Park +4LLM EvaluationMoral Reasoning in Language Models

    1Korea University · 2XenoStep AI · 3Hankuk University of Foreign Studies

  29. Aristotelian Virtue Profiling of LLMs through Ethical Dilemmas

    Jun 27, 2026Ioannis Tzachristas, John PavlopoulosLLM EvaluationMoral Reasoning in Language Models

    1Technical University of Munich, Germany · 2Athens University of Economics and Business, Greece · 3Archimedes, Athena Research Center, Greece

  30. Narration-of-Thought: Inference-Time Scaffolding for Defeasible Ethical Reasoning in Large Language Models

    Jun 24, 2026Patrick Cooper, Alvaro VelasquezStructured PromptingMoral Reasoning in Language Models

    Department of Computer Science University of Colorado Boulder

  31. Beyond Value Benchmarks: Measuring Value-Structure Alignment in Large Language Models via Symmetric Q-Sorts

    Jun 20, 2026Jingting Zheng, Yuqi Ren, Linhao Yu +2LLM EvaluationLLM Alignment

    TJUNLP Lab, School of Computer Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China · TJUNLP Lab, School of Computer Science and Technology, Tianjin University, China

  32. Emergent Alignment

    Jun 17, 2026Martin KolářLLM Self-CorrectionLLM Alignment

    CIIRC, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.

  33. Frame-Conditioned Moral Computation in LLaMA 3.1-8B-Instruct: A Mechanistic Interpretability Audit of Ethical Reasoning

    Jun 13, 2026Ali Dasdan, Manan Shah, W. Russell Neuman +3LLM AlignmentMoral Reasoning in Language Models

    1KD Consulting, CA, USA · 2New York University, NY, USA

  34. Harsher on Male? Evaluating LLMs on Gender-Asymmetric Moral Framing Across Diverse Conflict Scenarios

    Jun 12, 2026Guangzong Si, Dong Wang, Zhenhao Li +3Gender Bias in Language ModelsMoral Reasoning in Language Models

    University of Science and Technology of China · Eastern Institute of Technology, Ningbo

  35. Right or Wrong, Models Comply: Directional Blindness in LLM Moral Judgment

    Jun 12, 2026Jihye Kim, Jeffrey FlaniganLLM AlignmentMoral Reasoning in Language Models

    University of California, Santa Cruz

  36. ERTS: Adversarial Robustness Testing of Ethical AI via Semantic Perturbation in a Bounded Consequence Space

    Jun 11, 2026Pratyush ChaudhariMoral Reasoning in Language ModelsLanguage Model Safety Evaluation

    Independent Researcher

  37. LLMs Can Better Capture Human Judgments--With the Right Prompts

    Jun 10, 2026Danica Dillion, Chen Cecilia Liu, Baihui Wang +5Human Preference EvaluationLLM Alignment

    Complexity Science Hub, Vienna · The Ohio State University · University of Cambridge +2

  38. Normative Robustness as a Frontier for Non-Verifiable Reasoning in LLMs

    Jun 10, 2026Elizaveta Tennant, Benjamin Henke, Anita Keshmirian +5Moral Reasoning in Language ModelsLanguage Model Robustness

    Google DeepMind · Imperial College London · Institute of Philosophy, School of Advanced Study, University of London +2

  39. Constrained Semantic Decompression in LLMs through Persian Proverb-Conditioned Story Generation

    Jun 10, 2026Zahra Habibzadeh, Paria Khoshtab, Amir Mesbah +1LLM EvaluationLLM Grounding

    Tehran Institute for Advanced Studies, Khatam University, Iran

  40. Are LLMs Bad at Moral Reasoning?

    Jun 10, 2026Menghang Zhu, Seth LazarLLM EvaluationMoral Reasoning in Language Models

    School of Philosophy (Political Philosophy) Renmin University of China · School of Government and Policy Johns Hopkins University

  41. Emergent alignment and the projectability of ethical personas

    Jun 8, 2026Guillermo Del Pinal, Youngchan Lee, Calum McNamara +1Moral Reasoning in Language ModelsLanguage Model Safety Evaluation

    University of Massachusetts Amherst · Indiana University Bloomington

  42. To Nuke or Not to Nuke: LLMs' (Missing) Ethical Reasoning and Actions in a High-Stakes Decision-Making Simulation

    Jun 6, 2026John Chen, Sihan Cheng, Can Gurkan +1Moral Reasoning in Language ModelsLLM Agent Evaluation

    University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA · Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA

  43. Staying with the Uncertainty: Uncertainty-Scaffolding Strategies for Artificial Moral Advisors in LLM-to-LLM Simulated Conversations

    Jun 4, 2026Salvatore Greco, Hainiu Xu, Jacopo Domenicucci +2Moral Reasoning in Language ModelsAI Alignment

    Centre for Data Futures, The Dickson Poon School of Law, King’s College London · Department of Informatics, King’s College London · LangAI, Center for Language AI Research, Tohoku University +1

  44. PreAct-Bench: Benchmarking Predictive Monitoring in LLMs

    Jun 3, 2026Hainiu Xu, Italo Luis da Silva, Jiangnan Ye +7LLM Safety BenchmarksMoral Reasoning in Language Models

    King’s College London · National University of Singapore · Southern University of Science and Technology +3

  45. NoRA: Evaluating Grounded Reasonableness in Visual First-person Normative Action Reasoning

    Jun 3, 2026Sichao Li, Sai Ma, Daniel Kilov +3VLM EvaluationMoral Reasoning in Language Models

    The University of Sydney · Australian National University · RMIT University +1

  46. Auditing LLM-Governed Social Robots with Culture-Specific Moral Gradients

    Jun 2, 2026Carmen Ng, Gjergji KasneciMultilingual Language Model EvaluationMoral Reasoning in Language Models

    Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany

  47. Do Gender Cues Affect LLM Value Trade-offs? Evidence from a Controlled Decision Benchmark

    Jun 1, 2026Yangyang Liu, Dong Yu, Pengyuan LiuGender Bias in Language ModelsMoral Reasoning in Language Models

    Beijing Language and Culture University

  48. RoleCDE:Benchmarking and Mitigating Role-Alignment Trade-offs in Role-Playing Agents

    Jun 1, 2026Huayi Lai, Shichao Song, Simin Niu +5Moral Reasoning in Language ModelsAI Agent Benchmarks

    School of Information, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China

  49. Do Large Language Models Encode Institutional Experience? Evidence from Cross-Linguistic Moral Reasoning Under Ambiguity

    May 29, 2026Nattavudh PowdthaveeMultilingual Language Model EvaluationMoral Reasoning in Language Models

    School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore

  50. Every Act Has Its Price: Compressed Moral Composition in Frontier LLMs

    May 29, 2026Weijia Zhang, Ruiqi Chen, Yunze Xiao +1LLM EvaluationMoral Reasoning in Language Models

    University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign · University of Michigan · Carnegie Mellon University +1

  51. Omissive Bias in Religious Representation: Benchmarking LLM Answers to Everyday Ethical Decision-making

    May 23, 2026David Wingate, Sheryl Carty, Joshua Coates +13Moral Reasoning in Language ModelsSocial Bias in Language Models

    1Brigham Young University · 2B. H. Roberts Foundation · 5Yeshiva University +2

  52. Naturalistic measure of social norms alignment

    May 22, 2026Yevhen Kostiuk, Kenneth Enevoldsen, Peter Bjerregaard Vahlstrup +2Social DilemmasLLM Evaluation

    Aarhus University

  53. What Does the AI Doctor Value? Auditing Pluralism in the Clinical Ethics of Language Models

    May 18, 2026Payal Chandak, Victoria Alkin, David Wu +11Moral Reasoning in Language ModelsHealthcare

  54. How Does Thinking Mode Change LLM Moral Judgments? A Controlled Instant-vs-Thinking Comparison Across Five Frontier Models

    May 6, 2026Sai Sourabh MadurLLM EvaluationMoral Reasoning in Language Models

    Independent researcher (ex-Meta)

  55. Where Paths Split: Localized, Calibrated Control of Moral Reasoning in Large Language Models

    May 5, 2026Chenchen Yuan, Zheyu Zhang, Gjergji KasneciLLM AlignmentMoral Reasoning in Language Models

    School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich · School of Social Sciences and Technology, Technical University of Munich · Munich Center for Machine Learning (MCML)

  56. Moral Sensitivity in LLMs: A Tiered Evaluation of Contextual Bias via Behavioral Profiling and Mechanistic Interpretability

    May 4, 2026Yash Aggarwal, Atmika Gorti, Vinija Jain +3Moral Reasoning in Language ModelsSocial Bias in Language Models

    University of Maryland, College Park · 2Purdue University · 3Meta +5

  57. Assert, don't describe: Linguistic features that shift LLM reasoning about animal welfare

    Apr 30, 2026Jasmine Brazilek, Harper DunnMoral Reasoning in Language ModelsLanguage Model Post-Training

    Compassion Aligned Machine Learning (CaML) · Independent researcher

  58. Helpfulness Hurts: Domain-Dependent Degradation of Mid-Trained Compassion Values Under Post-Training

    Apr 30, 2026Jasmine Brazilek, Juliana SeawellMoral Reasoning in Language ModelsRL Post-Training

    †Compassion Aligned Machine Learning (CaML)

  59. Ulterior Motives: Detecting Misaligned Reasoning in Continuous Thought Models

    Apr 25, 2026Sharan RamjeeLLM Backdoor AttacksMoral Reasoning in Language Models

    Stanford University

  60. Recognition Without Authorization: LLMs and the Moral Order of Online Advice

    Apr 24, 2026Tom van NuenenMoral Reasoning in Language Models

    Social Sciences Data Lab UC Berkeley