LLM Reliability

LLM: Large Language Model

Overview

It asks not only whether a model gets an answer right, but whether it knows when it may be wrong, follows constraints, uses evidence faithfully, and behaves consistently across repeated or multi-turn use. Researchers test these properties with adversarial and perturbation benchmarks, repeated-run and cross-language evaluations, domain-specific tasks, and audits of LLM judges and tool-using agents. Common approaches include estimating uncertainty from logits, hidden representations, or response agreement; selective abstention and conformal calibration; retrieval and symbolic verification; and training methods that reward grounded answers, correction, or hesitation. The central tension is that benchmark accuracy and verbal confidence often fail to predict reliability on individual cases, long tasks, or shifted inputs, while stronger checks and abstention trade coverage, latency, and cost for safer decisions.

Latest papers

CardsList

802 papers116 papers in the last four weeks, up 18% on the four weeks before. 0.7% of all new papers.

  1. Evaluating the Reliability of Digital Forensic Evidence Discovered by Large Language Model: A Case Study

    Feb 22, 2026Jeel Piyushkumar Khatiwala, Daniel Kwaku Ntiamoah Addai, Weifeng XuDigital ForensicsLLM Reliability

  2. Spilled Energy in Large Language Models

    Feb 21, 2026Adrian Robert Minut, Hazem Dewidar, Iacopo MasiLLM ReliabilityLLM Hallucination Detection

  3. Thinking by Subtraction: Confidence-Driven Contrastive Decoding for LLM Reasoning

    Feb 20, 2026Lexiang Tang, Weihao Gao, Bingchen Zhao +4Efficient Language Model ReasoningLLM Reliability

  4. Are LLMs Ready to Replace Bangla Annotators?

    Feb 18, 2026Md. Najib Hasan, Touseef Hasan, Souvika SarkarLLM-Assisted AnnotationLLM Reliability

  5. Gemma Needs Help: Investigating and Mitigating Emotional Instability in LLMs

    Feb 17, 2026Anna Soligo, Vladimir Mikulik, William SaundersLanguage Model Safety EvaluationLLM Reliability

  6. ReLoop: Structured Modeling and Behavioral Verification for Reliable LLM-Based Optimization

    Feb 17, 2026Junbo Jacob Lian, Yujun Sun, Huiling Chen +3LLM-Based Program SynthesisLLM Reliability

  7. Improving LLM Reliability through Hybrid Abstention and Adaptive Detection

    Feb 17, 2026Ankit Sharma, Nachiket Tapas, Jyotiprakash PatraLLM GuardrailsLLM Reliability

  8. On Calibration of Large Language Models: From Response To Capability

    Feb 14, 2026Sin-Han Yang, Cheng-Kuang Wu, Chieh-Yen Lin +3LLM EvaluationConfidence Estimation in Language Models

  9. The System Hallucination Scale (SHS): A Human-Centered Instrument for Assessing Perceived Reliability of Large Language Models

    Feb 13, 2026Heimo Müller, Dominik Steiger, Markus Plass +1LLM EvaluationLLM Reliability

  10. Decomposed Prompting Does Not Fix Knowledge Gaps, But Helps Models Say "I Don't Know"

    Feb 4, 2026Dhruv Madhwal, Lyuxin David Zhang, Dan Roth +2LLM PromptingQuestion Decomposition

  11. Semantic Self-Distillation for Language Model Uncertainty

    Feb 4, 2026Edward Phillips, Sean Wu, Fredrik K. Gustafsson +2Uncertainty QuantificationConfidence Estimation in Language Models

  12. HALT: Hallucination Assessment via Log-probs as Time series

    Feb 2, 2026Ahmad Shapiro, Karan Taneja, Ashok GoelLanguage Model Error DetectionHallucination Detection

  13. Uncertainty Localization in LLM Reasoning via Embedding Perturbations

    Feb 2, 2026Qihao Wen, Jiahao Wang, Yang Nan +3LLM ReliabilityLLM Uncertainty Estimation

  14. MGSM-Pro: A Simple Strategy for Robust Multilingual Mathematical Reasoning Evaluation

    Jan 29, 2026Tianyi Xu, Kosei Uemura, Alfred Malengo Kondoro +6Numerical Reasoning in Language ModelsMathematical Reasoning Benchmarks

  15. Bayesian-LoRA: Probabilistic Low-Rank Adaptation of Large Language Models

    Jan 28, 2026Moule Lin, Shuhao Guan, Andrea Patane +2Bayesian Neural NetworksConfidence Estimation in Language Models

  16. AdversaRiskQA: An Adversarial Factuality Benchmark for High-Risk Domains

    Jan 21, 2026Adam Szelestey, Sofie van Engelen, Tianhao Huang +3Factual Consistency EvaluationLLM Reliability

  17. Relational Linearity is a Predictor of Hallucinations

    Jan 16, 2026Yuetian Lu, Yihong Liu, Sebastian Gerstner +3LLM InterpretabilityHallucination in Language Models

  18. Calibration Is Not Enough: Evaluating Confidence Estimation Under Language Variations

    Jan 12, 2026Yuxi Xia, Dennis Ulmer, Terra Blevins +3LLM Uncertainty EstimationConfidence Estimation in Language Models

  19. Stochastic CHAOS: Why Deterministic Inference Kills, and Distributional Variability Is the Heartbeat of Artifical Cognition

    Jan 12, 2026Tanmay Joshi, Shourya Aggarwal, Anusa Saha +7Emergent Abilities in Language ModelsLLM Reliability