Reinforcement Learning

Also known as RL

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144 papers in the last four weeks, up 243% on the four weeks before. 1.4% of all new papers.

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Latest papers 1,138

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PlayTrain: An Efficient Reinforcement Learning Framework for LLM-Generated Adaptable JavaScript Games
Sep 8, 2026Ryan Truong, Lance Ying, Samuel J. Gershman +1Reinforcement Learning Game-Playing Agents
Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA · MIT, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cambridge, MA, USA · Kempner Institute for the Study of Natural and Artificial Intelligence, Cambridge, MA, USA +1
CAST: Alternating State-Value Targets and Expanded Policy Gradients for Model-Based Reinforcement Learning
Sep 8, 2026Pietro Noah Crestaz, Mohamed Yassine Kabouri, Nicolas Mansard +1RL for Robotics Reinforcement Learning
1Industrial Engineering Department, University of Trento, Trento, Italy. · 2LAAS-CNRS, Universit´e de Toulouse, CNRS, Toulouse, France. · 4Artificial and Natural Intelligence Toulouse Institute (ANITI), Toulouse. +1
Learning to build covering structures with continuous adjustments
Sep 8, 2026Gabriel Vallat, Maryam Kamgarpour, Stefana ParaschoRL for Robotics Robotic Construction
Environments as Scaffold: Enriching Feedback to Bootstrap Self-Evolving Agents in Long-Horizon Tasks
Sep 8, 2026Hongbang Yuan, Zhuoran Jin, Yixin CaoReinforcement Learning Sparse-Reward RL
1Fudan University · 2CASIA · 3Shanghai Innovation Institute
Miles v0.1: Production-Level Post-Training
Sep 8, 2026RadixArk, :, Tom Chen +11Reinforcement Learning LLM Agent Training
RadixArk
Routing Dense Layouts with History-Aware Offline Reinforcement Learning using LSTM
Sep 8, 2026Afsara Khan, Austin RovinskiReinforcement Learning Offline RL
New York University Brooklyn, New York, USA
When Metrics Reward the Worst Translations: Internalizing Cultural Reasoning for Social Media Translation Evaluation
Sep 8, 2026Yiwen Qiu, Linjuan Wu, Dingming Li +7Reinforcement Learning Cultural Knowledge in Language Models
Zhejiang University · Xiaohongshu Inc.
CoER: Defending against Adaptive Indirect Prompt Injection via Adversarial Co-Evolution and Refinement
Sep 7, 2026Boyang Zhang, Qingxin Xiao, Lingwei Dang +1Reinforcement Learning AI Agent Security
School of Software Engineering, South China University of Technology
Temporal-Causal Inference for Reinforcement Learning via Automata Learning
Sep 7, 2026Jan Corazza, Daniil Kaminskyi, Simon Lutz +4Reinforcement Learning Causal RL
Research Center Trustworthy Data Science and Security, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, 44227, Germany. · School for Engineering of Matter, Transport, and Energy at Arizona State University, Tempe, Az 85281, USA.
Long-Horizon Language Model Reinforcement Learning via Progressive Point Matching
Sep 7, 2026Preston Fu, Kevin Frans, Oleh Rybkin +2Reinforcement Learning Reward Shaping
UC Berkeley · Carnegie Mellon University
CircuitLens: Reasoning Circuits as Data Selection Signals for Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards
Sep 7, 2026Zhuofan Chen, Ziqian Jiao, Yikai Cui +3Numerical Reasoning in Language Models Reinforcement Learning
School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China · Beijing Institute for General Artificial Intelligence, China
Stable-MM-R1: Anchoring Multimodal Reasoning Dynamics via Entropy-Guided Stratification
Sep 7, 2026Yimeng Ye, Shuang Chen, Wenxuan Huang +8Reinforcement Learning RL Fine-Tuning
Columbia University · CUHK · THU +1
SQL-Zero: Self-Evolving Text-to-SQL
Sep 7, 2026Daniel Machado Pedrozo, Julia Soares Dollis, Bryan Lincoln Marques de Oliveira +3Reinforcement Learning Self-Play RL
Instituto de Informática, Universidade Federal de Goiás Goiânia, GO, Brazil
SENTINEL-RL: Offloading Topological Reasoning from LLM Agents in the Security Operations Center
Sep 3, 2026Uday Vallabhaneni, Cassie L. Cagwin, David J. WildReinforcement Learning Cybersecurity
Luddy School of Informatics, Computing and Engineering · Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
Spurious Advantage Hidden in GRPO
Sep 3, 2026Jiamian Wang, Samyadeep Basu, Koustava Goswami +2Reinforcement Learning Group Relative Policy Optimization
Rochester Institute of Technology · Adobe Research
CROCODIL: Cross-Model Code Editing with LLMs
Sep 3, 2026Linghan Zhong, Aditya Thimmaiah, Jayanth Srinivasa +2Reinforcement Learning LLM Post-Training
1The University of Texas at Austin · 2Cisco Research
Out-of-Distribution Generalisation with Sequence Models in Offline Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
Sep 3, 2026Oussama Hidaoui, Omer Ebead, Ulrich Armel Mbou Sob +14Zero-Shot Learning Reinforcement Learning
InstaDeep · AIMS · Stellenbosch University
A Comparative Study of Graph Representations for GNN-Based Power Grid Control in L2RPN
Sep 2, 2026Adrian Degenkolb, Qiong Huang, Benjamin SchäferPower Systems Graph Neural Networks
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe, Germany
NE-R1: Enhancing Named Entity Recognition Model via Reinforcement Learning
Sep 2, 2026Meixuan Chen, Hehan Li, Ruizhi Zhao +8Named Entity Recognition Adaptive RAG
Shenzhen Graduate School, Peking University · Baidu, Inc., Beijing, China · Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China +3
Recursive Value Learning for Long-Horizon Offline Goal-Conditioned RL
Sep 2, 2026Hyeonseong Jeon, Youngwoon LeeReinforcement Learning Offline RL
1Yonsei University · 2Seoul National University
On-Policy Distillation Meets Off-Policy GRPO: Training Compact Instruction-Following Rerankers
Sep 1, 2026Vignesh Prabhakar, Jialing Pan, Anil Babu AnkisettipalliReinforcement Learning Learning to Rank
SAP Labs, Palo Alto, CA, USA
The Rise of Verbal Reinforcement Learning
Sep 1, 2026Kshitij Tayal, Arun Sharma, Genta Indra Winata +2RL for Language Models Reinforcement Learning
1AI Foundations, Capital One · University of Minnesota, USA
Provably Safe Sim-to-Real Transfer
Sep 1, 2026Tingting Ni, Maryam KamgarpourReinforcement Learning Sim-to-Real Transfer
SYCAMORE, EPFL
CaRL-EM: Cost-Aware Reinforcement Learning for Entity Matching with LLMs
Sep 1, 2026Chaohui Guo, Michel Klein, Zhisheng HuangReinforcement Learning LLM Inference Scheduling
Department of Computer Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Netherlands
Reinforcement Learning and Rule-Based Peer-to-Peer Pricing in Residential PV-BES Communities
Sep 1, 2026Pablo Benalcazar, Maciej Kalka, Wilian Guamán +1Reinforcement Learning Dynamic Pricing
Division of Energy Economics, Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland · GITEA, Escuela Superior Politécnica de Chimborazo (ESPOCH), Riobamba, Ecuador
Dense Process Supervision for Search Agents via Fact Utility Estimation
Sep 1, 2026Rongzhi Zhu, Xiangyu Liu, Yi Liu +7Reinforcement Learning Credit Assignment in RL
State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, China · Ant Group, China · National Institute of Healthcare Data Science, Nanjing University, China
It Takes Two to Match: Co-Evolving Generative Retriever with Reinforcement Learning
Sep 1, 2026Runpeng Dai, Kaili Huang, Changsung Kang +1Reinforcement Learning Generative Retrieval
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · Apple
Independent Reinforcement Learning in Discounted Markov Games
Sep 1, 2026Asrin Efe Yorulmaz, Ugur Aydin, Tamer BasarReinforcement Learning Game Theory
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
Provably Efficient Federated Reinforcement Learning with Linear Function Approximation and Logarithmic Communication Cost
Aug 31, 2026Zihang Liang, Haochen Zhang, Lingzhou XueReinforcement Learning Federated RL
Department of Statistics, The Pennsylvania State University
Scaling Large Reasoning Models beyond Human Supervision: A Path toward Superintelligence
Aug 31, 2026Zhiqin Yang, Jingwen Fu, Yuhan Liu +16Reinforcement Learning RL for Language Model Reasoning
The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology · Zhongguancun Academy · Xi’an Jiaotong University +6

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PlayTrain: An Efficient Reinforcement Learning Framework for LLM-Generated Adaptable JavaScript Games

Ryan Truong, Lance Ying, Samuel J. Gershman, Kazuki Irie

Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA · MIT, Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Cambridge, MA, USA · Kempner Institute for the Study of Natural and Artificial Intelligence, Cambridge, MA, USA+1

Reinforcement Learning Game-Playing Agents

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While many video-game environments (VGEs) have played crucial roles in advancing reinforcement learning (RL), developing novel VGEs or modifying existing ones to support new features, has been a laborious process requiring extensive hand-coding. Here we present PlayTrain, an RL framework that combines the abilities of large language models (LLMs) to robustly generate JavaScript (JS) games from a minimal human prompt, and an efficient pipeline that can run any JS game in a standard 'gym' environment. Not only are recent LLMs particularly good at writing JS code, but the JS format also allows users to easily play generated VGEs, while PlayTrain enables us to train RL agents on the exact same games. We demonstrate multiple use cases of PlayTrain, including cloning well-known Atari and ProcGen games in simple JS, where PlayTrain trains pixel-based agents end-to-end at over 1M agent-decisions per second on a single GPU node; and creating modified versions thereof (e.g., that support novel test sets, procedural generation logics, or game dynamics). Through PlayTrain, we reimagine RL VGE development: all we need is a single JS file, generated and modified through an LLM. We discuss promising future RL research directions that PlayTrain unlocks.

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Latest papers 1,138