cs.LGApr 27, 2026

Learning with Embedded Linear Equality Constraints via Variational Bayesian Inference

Authors: Matthew Marsh, Benoît Chachuat, Antonio del Rio Chanona

Organizations: Sargent Centre for Process Systems Engineering, Imperial College London

Abstract

Machine Learning is becoming more prevalent in science and engineering, but many approaches do not provide meaningful uncertainty estimates and predictions may also violate known physical knowledge. We propose a Bayesian framework to embed linear relationships across inputs and outputs into the learning process, whilst characterizing full predictive uncertainty over both the model parameters and the domain knowledge. We evaluated our method on learning the single particle battery model subject to voltage and energy balances, showing its ability to provide reduced credible intervals and constraint violations compared to standard Bayesian neural networks based on variational inference.

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