CLAIRE: A Schema-Grounded Hybrid Workflow for Healthcare Administrative Form Completion
Organizations: Department of Computer Science and Information Systems, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Hyderabad, India
Abstract
Healthcare administrative staff transfer structured information from electronic health records, referrals, claims systems, provider rosters, and work queues into dynamic forms. We developed and evaluated CLAIRE (Clinical Language and Agentic Intelligence for Reasoning and Entry), a hybrid workflow that separates field-state discovery, source-to-field mapping, deterministic validation, bounded correction, escalation, and audit tracing. We tested five synthetic healthcare administrative schemas, 1,000 source records, four interface variants, two data-quality suites, and six comparators, yielding 24,000 benchmark episodes. A separate strict-output audit evaluated direct mappings from Qwen2.5-1.5B and Qwen2.5-7B, and a trace-derived operational simulation covered 6,000 episodes. Under the evaluated synthetic benchmark conditions, full CLAIRE achieved 1.000 episode success, field accuracy, required-field completion, and dependency completion in both suites; removing validation reduced stress-suite success to 0.500. In the simulation, 100.0% of clean and validation-stress episodes reached a staff-reviewable draft, compared with 68.6% of escalation challenge episodes, unsupported cases were blocked. Scenario-based savings were 149.7-165.5 seconds per case, not observed staff times. The findings support schema-grounded, validation-first healthcare administrative automation in which language-model components assist mapping but do not authorize unsupported or consequential actions.
Figures & tables
| What was already known | Healthcare organizations rely on administrative forms for prior authorization, benefit verification, credentialing, intake, and claims work. Browser automation can be brittle, and unconstrained language-model agents can generate plausible but unchecked entries. |
| What this study added | A schema-grounded hybrid workflow separates field discovery, mapping, validation, controlled error correction, and audit logging. In 24,000 benchmark episodes and a 6,000-episode operational simulation, the workflow completed validated cases, intercepted review needs, captured escalation cases, and produced scenario-based estimates of staff-time savings. |
| Component | Description |
|---|---|
| Schemas | Patient intake, prior authorization, benefit verification, provider credentialing, and claims resubmission. |
| Records | 1,000 deterministic synthetic source records: 500 clean records and a 500-record validation-stress copy. |
| Interface variants | Original labels, synonym labels, obfuscated identifiers, and shuffled layout. |
| Comparators | Exact ID, Labels only, Monolithic, CLAIRE without schema, CLAIRE without the Validator, and full CLAIRE. |
| Metrics | Episode success, field accuracy, required-field completion, dependency completion, validation errors, corrections, and model calls. |
Appendix figures & tables3 assets
Supplementary material from the paper’s appendix.
Appendix
Workflow Automation
Workflow automation coordinates multi-step tasks across applications, tools, and people using software, AI agents, and explicit process logic.
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