Click3R: Interactive Stereo 3D Reconstruction with Sparse Correspondence Clicks
Organizations: University of Virginia
Abstract
Despite impressive progress, existing feed-forward large 3D reconstruction models produce a single, irrevocable prediction. When these models fail, there is no mechanism to correct their mistakes. To address this limitation, we introduce Click3R, a framework for interactive geometric correction of feed-forward models using sparse human correspondence clicks. Given an image pair and a small set of cross-view point correspondences provided by a user, Click3R injects geometric constraints into the 3D reconstruction networks through a lightweight point correspondence adapter, enabling the model to resolve ambiguities in challenging scenarios such as repetitive textures, symmetric structures, large viewpoint changes, or textureless regions. To evaluate interactive reconstruction, we curate a challenging benchmark specifically designed to expose failure modes of existing feed-forward 3D reconstruction methods. Experiments show that Click3R reduces reconstruction error with as few as a single correspondence click, improving performance on both standard and our curated benchmarks. Our results highlight that sparse human interaction provides an effective and practical mechanism for correcting geometric reconstruction errors.
Figures & tables
| CO3D | ScanNet++ | ARKitScenes | ||||
| Method | mAA@30° | PM Err. | mAA@30° | PM Err. | mAA@30° | PM Err. |
| VGGT [ 42 ] (518) | 87.76 | 0.498 | 59.47 | 0.261 | 77.91 | 0.159 |
| Pi3X [ 45 ] (518) | 87.95 | 0.467 | 80.77 | 0.140 | 82.16 | 0.146 |
| VGGT [ 42 ] (224) | 62.53 | 1.994 | 24.47 | 1.325 | 40.89 | 0.690 |
| Pi3X [ 45 ] (224) | 85.02 | 0.577 | 72.53 | 0.196 | 76.39 | 0.167 |
| DUSt3R [ 44 ] | 79.20 | 0.728 | 82.57 | 0.190 | 86.02 | 0.146 |
| 2-view (pair) | 5-view (tuple) | |||
| Method | mAA@30° | Pointmap Err. | mAA@30° | Pointmap Err. |
| In-Distribution (404 pairs / 400 tuples) | ||||
| VGGT [ 42 ] (518) | 63.7 | 0.256 | 56.5 | 1.222 |
| Pi3 [ 45 ] (518) | 64.5 | 0.232 | 60.3 | 0.829 |
| VGGT [ 42 ] (224) | 40.5 | 0.620 | 33.2 | 1.536 |
| Pi3 [ 45 ] (224) | 60.7 | 0.299 | 56.9 | 1.234 |
| Method | medRRE | RRA@5° | RRA@15° | mAA@5 | mAA@15 | mAA@30 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DUSt3R [ 44 ] | 24.67° | 1.0% | 37.0% | 0.0 | 9.5 | 25.6 |
| DUSt3R (retrained) | 15.05° | 10.0% | 50.0% | 2.4 | 18.8 | 35.7 |
| Click3R w/o prompts | 17.30° | 13.0% | 47.0% | 4.6 | 21.5 | 36.2 |
| Click3R (human) | 8.78° | 22.0% +12.0 | 69.0% +19.0 | 9.2 +6.8 | 37.3 +18.5 | 56.2 +20.5 |
| Click3R (random GT ) | 8.40° | 27.0% +17.0 | 79.0% +29.0 | 9.4 +7.0 | 39.5 +20.7 | 59.2 +23.5 |
Appendix figures & tables20 assets
Supplementary material from the paper’s appendix.
Appendix
| Configuration | Params (M) | GPU time (ms) | Overhead |
|---|---|---|---|
| DUSt3R [ 44 ] (pretrained) | 532.3 | 20.4 | — |
| Click3R (no prompts) | 566.4 | 20.4 | 0% |
| Click3R ( ) | 566.4 | 21.5 | 5% |
| Click3R ( ) | 566.4 | 21.4 | 5% |
| Category | Detection criterion |
|---|---|
| Large viewpoint | Relative rotation |
| Moderate viewpoint | relative rotation |
| Low overlap | Co-visible pixel fraction |
| Large baseline | Baseline / median depth |
| Extreme depth range |
| Dataset | Split | Scene type | |||
| In-Distribution (404 pairs, uniformly sampled from 3,406 candidates) | |||||
| BlendedMVS [ 56 ] | val | 19,719 | 1,000 | 97 | Synthetic multi-view |
| CO3D [ 28 ] | test | 19,396 | 1,000 | 109 | Object-centric video |
| Habitat [ 32 ] | val | 9,871 | 406 | 100 | Synthetic indoor |
| WildRGB-D [ 50 ] | test | 19,860 | 1,000 | 98 | RGB-D video |
| Out-of-Distribution (300 pairs, uniformly sampled from 2,900 candidates) | |||||
| Method | Lg.View. | Mod.View. | Low Ovlp. | Lg.Base. | Ext.Depth | All |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| DUSt3R [ 44 ] | 35.9 | 52.0 | 46.3 | 44.6 | 38.9 | 41.8 |
| DUSt3R (retrained) | 54.3 | 56.3 | 48.7 | 58.0 | 41.3 | 54.6 |
| Click3R w/o prompts | 53.2 | 56.3 | 46.5 | 56.6 | 39.4 | 53.1 |
| Click3R (8 prompts) | 66.4 +12.1 | 60.6 +4.3 | 54.9 +6.2 | 66.0 +8.1 | 48.0 +6.6 | 61.7 +7.1 |
| Training | CO3D | ScanNet++ | ARKitScenes | H3B ID | H3B OOD | Mean |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No clicks | ||||||
| Adapter on frozen DUSt3R | 79.2 | 82.6 | 86.0 | 39.2 | 47.1 | 66.8 |
| Finetuned from pretrained DUSt3R | 83.4 | 88.2 | 79.8 | 55.5 | 49.7 | 71.3 |
| Trained from scratch (ours) | 84.4 | 89.9 | 84.3 | 55.3 | 50.8 | 72.9 |
| One click | ||||||
| Adapter on frozen DUSt3R | 84.0 | 90.1 | 84.8 | 49.7 | 47.2 | 71.2 |
| CO3D | ScanNet++ | ARKitScenes | |||||||
| Method | @5° | @15° | @30° | @5° | @15° | @30° | @5° | @15° | @30° |
| VGGT [ 42 ] (518) | 55.67 | 79.22 | 87.76 | 21.80 | 44.03 | 59.47 | 34.60 | 63.85 | 77.91 |
| Pi3X [ 45 ] (518) | 54.17 | 79.26 | 87.95 | 47.80 | 69.68 | 80.77 | 40.64 | 69.55 | 82.16 |
| VGGT [ 42 ] (224) | 4.37 | 36.78 | 62.53 | 0.20 | 7.14 | 24.47 | 1.26 | 17.37 | 40.89 |
| Pi3X [ 45 ] (224) | 44.27 | 73.85 | 85.02 | 31.80 | 57.70 | 72.53 | 31.68 | 61.41 | 76.39 |
| DUSt3R [ 44 ] | 33.25 | 65.17 | 79.20 | 50.24 | 73.83 | 82.57 | 48.46 | 75.15 | 86.02 |
| 2-view (pair) | 5-view (tuple) | |||||
| Method | @5° | @15° | @30° | @5° | @15° | @30° |
| In-Distribution (404 pairs / 400 tuples) | ||||||
| VGGT [ 42 ] (518) | 27.4 | 50.1 | 63.7 | 32.5 | 48.5 | 56.5 |
| Pi3 [ 45 ] (518) | 34.3 | 53.1 | 64.5 | 41.0 | 54.4 | 60.3 |
| VGGT [ 42 ] (224) | 3.5 | 19.1 | 40.5 | 2.0 | 16.9 | 33.2 |
| Pi3 [ 45 ] (224) | 22.9 | 46.7 | 60.7 | 30.1 | 48.7 | 56.9 |
| Correct clicks (of 8) | medRRE | mAA@30 |
|---|---|---|
| 100% | 7.70° | 62.8 |
| 75% | 8.81° | 55.6 |
| 50% | 12.08° | 44.9 |
| 25% | 20.63° | 30.0 |
| 0% | 34.76° | 17.7 |
| No prompts | 18.64° | 35.6 |
| H3B ID | H3B OOD | H3B OOD subset | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clicks | RoMa v2 | GT | RoMa v2 | GT | RoMa v2 | GT |
| 55.9 | 49.4 | 35.6 | ||||
| 58.4 | 57.8 | 57.0 | 55.8 | 48.7 | 48.1 | |
| 58.0 | 60.5 | 59.6 | 60.8 | 55.0 | 58.7 | |
| 58.4 | 62.4 | 59.4 | 61.8 | 58.5 | 61.1 | |
| Human | – | – | 56.8 | |||
| H3B ID | H3B OOD | |
|---|---|---|
| MASt3R (retrained) | 61.3 | 50.6 |
| MASt3R + adapter, | 61.1 | 52.1 |
| MASt3R + adapter, | 62.4 | 54.9 |
| Asset | License |
|---|---|
| Datasets (training) | |
| CO3D [ 28 ] | CC-BY-NC 4.0 |
| ARKitScenes [ 2 ] | Apple License (non-commercial primary) |
| ScanNet++ [ 57 ] | ScanNet++ Terms of Use |
| WildRGB-D [ 50 ] | MIT License |
| BlendedMVS [ 56 ] | CC-BY 4.0 |
3D Reconstruction
3D reconstruction recovers a scene’s shape, appearance, and camera motion from images, video, depth, or other sensor measurements.
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