Dependency Parsing

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Dependency parsing links each word to its grammatical head, producing structures used in tasks such as information extraction, translation, and linguistic analysis. Systems include transition-based and graph-based neural parsers, often using multilingual pretrained encoders, as well as rule-based methods and large language models prompted with examples or guidelines. Universal Dependencies treebanks provide common data and evaluation, while transfer learning, cross-lingual bootstrapping, and expert correction help extend parsing to low-resource languages and specialized domains. Strong performance depends heavily on annotation quality and fit between training data and target language or genre, leaving open challenges in linguistic diversity, ambiguous analyses, and reliable evaluation where gold annotations are scarce.

Latest papers

24 papers3 papers in the last four weeks, down 25% on the four weeks before. 0.0% of all new papers.

POS-Signature Demonstration Retrieval for In-Context Dependency Parsing
Oct 22, 2026Muhammad Azam Afridi, Rajab Ali, Marco PassarottiIn-Context Example Selection Dependency Parsing
Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy · University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain · Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal +1
A Parallel Multi-Dialect Arabic Dependency Treebank
Oct 20, 2026Noor Abo Mokh, Mohamed Adel, Jamila El-Gizuli +3Dependency Parsing Arabic Dialects
Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence · Computational Approaches to Modeling Language Lab, New York University Abu Dhabi
Zero-shot Dependency Parsing with Unsupervised Cross-Lingual Bootstrapping
Sep 29, 2026Lalita Lowphansirikul, Attapol Rutherford, Jian Gang Ngui +2Multilingual Language Models Low-Resource Language Processing
VISTEC, Thailand · Chulalongkorn University, Thailand · AI Singapore, Singapore
Multi-Task Learning by using Contextualized Word Representations for Syntactic Parsing of a Morphologically Rich Language
Sep 24, 2026Toqeer Ehsan, Miriam Butt, Sarmad Hussain +2Multi-Task Learning Low-Resource Language Processing
Reliable Intelligence Team, VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., 02150 Espoo, Finland. · Department of Linguistics, University of Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany. · Center for Language Engineering, Al-Khawarizmi Institute of Computer Science, University of Engineering and Technology, 54890 Lahore, Pakistan. +2
ThaiTrees: Thai Syntactic Dependency Trees Across Domains
Sep 23, 2026Attapol T. Rutherford, Papatchol ThientongCorpus Linguistics Low-Resource Language Processing
Department of Linguistics Chulalongkorn University
Correction as Annotation: Bootstrapping a Dependency Parser for Documentary Medieval Latin
Sep 5, 2026Gabriel H. PizzornoDependency Parsing Low-Resource Language Processing
Harvard University · Department of History | Robinson Hall, Office 210 | 35 Quincy Street, Cambridge, MA 02138
DPH Parser: A Bottom-Up Grammar-Driven Parser for Joint Constituency and Dependency Analysis
Sep 5, 2026Hussein GhalyConstituency Parsing Dependency Parsing
Independent Researcher New York, New York
Directional Contextual Representations for Dependency Relations: Why Cross-Direction Pairing Fails
Aug 21, 2026Sai Krishna Arthanari, JaeHyeong Chang, Chengzhe Sun +1Representation Learning Long Short-Term Memory Networks
Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Data Science (IAD), University at Buffalo Buffalo, NY, USA
Stoicheia: Character-Level Masked Diffusion for Ancient Greek Textual Restoration, Parsing, and Metrical Scansion
Aug 7, 2026Eric Cullhed, Albin Thörn ClelandMasked Diffusion Models Dependency Parsing
Department of Linguistics and Philology · Uppsala University · Sweden +2
On the feasibility of dependency parsing of non-human sequences without a gold standard. Is evaluation possible in other species?
Jul 7, 2026Ramon Ferrer-i-Cancho, Catherine Hobaiter, Thore Bergman +1Unsupervised Learning Reference-Free Evaluation
Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Department of Computer Science · University of St Andrews, School of Psychology and Neuroscience · University of Michigan, Departments of Psychology and Ecology and Evolutionary Biology +1
AthDGC: An Open Diachronic Greek Treebank with Indo-European Parallels
Jun 13, 2026Nikolaos Lavidas, Kiki Nikiforidou, Dag Haug +8Dependency Parsing
National and Kapodistrian University of Athens · University of Oslo · Ghent University
AfriSUD: A Dependency Treebank Collection for Evaluating Models on African Languages
Jun 10, 2026Happy Buzaaba, Cheikh Mouhamadou Bamba Dione, David Ifeoluwa Adelani +15Multilingual Language Model Evaluation Morphosyntactic Tagging
Princeton University · Laboratory for Artificial Intelligence, Princeton University · Gaston Berger University +20
A Reproducible Universal Dependencies-Style Pipeline for Katharevousa Greek Parliamentary Text
May 21, 2026George Mikros, Fotios FitsilisLow-Resource Language Processing Dependency Parsing
Hamad Bin Khalifa University · Universidad Austral
CAIT: A Syntactic Parsing Toolkit for Child-Adult InTeractions
May 19, 2026Francesca Padovani, Xiulin Yang, Bastian Bunzeck +4Morphosyntactic Tagging Child Language Acquisition
Center for Language and Cognition (CLCG), University of Groningen · Georgetown University · Computational Linguistics, Department of Linguistics, Bielefeld University
Parser agreement and disagreement in L2 Korean UD: Implications for human-in-the-loop annotation
May 7, 2026Hakyung Sung, Gyu-Ho ShinAnnotator Disagreement Morphosyntactic Tagging
Psychology, Rochester Institute of Technology · Linguistics, University of Illinois Chicago
Harnessing Linguistic Dissimilarity for Language Generalization on Unseen Low-Resource Varieties
May 6, 2026Jinju Kim, Haeji Jung, Youjeong Roh +2Low-Resource Language Processing Dependency Parsing
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University · Language Technologies Institute, Carnegie Mellon University · Department of Computer Science, University of British Columbia +1
Dependency Parsing Across the Resource Spectrum: Evaluating Architectures on High and Low-Resource Languages
May 4, 2026Kevin Guan, Happy Buzaaba, Christiane FellbaumLow-Resource Language Processing Dependency Parsing
Princeton University
M3DocDep: Multi-modal, Multi-page, Multi-document Dependency Chunking with Large Vision-Language Models
Apr 17, 2026Joongmin Shin, Jeongbae Park, Jaehyung Seo +1Multimodal RAG Document Chunking
Human-inspired AI Research, Korea University · Computer Science and Engineering, Konkuk University · Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Korea University
THIVLVC: Retrieval Augmented Dependency Parsing for Latin
Apr 7, 2026Luc Pommeret, Thibault Wagret, Jules DeretDependency Parsing Low-Resource Language Processing
STL · Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, LISN, 91400, Orsay, France · ENS de Lyon, HiSoMA +1
Formal Constraints on Dependency Syntax
Apr 6, 2026Gómez-Rodríguez, Carlos, Alemany-Puig +1Dependency Parsing
Universidade da Coru˜na, CITIC, Departamento de Ciencias de la Computación y Tecnologías de la Información, Campus de Elvi˜na, s/n, 15071 A Coruña, Spain · Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Departament de Ciències de la Computació, Campus Nord, 1–3, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
Coconstructions in spoken data: UD annotation guidelines and first results
Mar 30, 2026Ludovica Pannitto, Sylvain Kahane, Kaja Dobrovoljc +4Dependency Parsing
University of Bologna, Bologna - Italy · Université Paris Nanterre, Modyco, Paris - France · University of Ljubljana and Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana - Slovenia +2
Transfer Learning for an Endangered Slavic Variety: Dependency Parsing in Pomak Across Contact-Shaped Dialects
Mar 30, 2026Sercan KarakaşDependency Parsing Transfer Learning
University of Chicago
A tree interpretation of arc standard dependency derivation
Mar 29, 2026Zihao Huang, Ai Ka Lee, Jungyeul ParkDependency Parsing
Arabic Morphosyntactic Tagging and Dependency Parsing with Large Language Models
Mar 17, 2026Mohamed Adel, Bashar Alhafni, Nizar HabashLLM Evaluation Arabic NLP
Computational Approaches to Modeling Language Lab 1New York University Abu Dhabi · 2Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence

Oct 22, 2026J/K move · Enter open · S save

POS-Signature Demonstration Retrieval for In-Context Dependency Parsing

Muhammad Azam Afridi, Rajab Ali, Marco Passarotti

Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan, Italy · University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain · Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal+1

In-Context Example Selection Dependency Parsing In-Context Learning

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Demonstrations for in-context learning are often retrieved by semantic similarity, which may be a poor proxy for relevance in structured prediction. We study demonstration selection for Universal Dependencies parsing with a POS-signature policy that represents sentences with weighted part-of-speech statistics and retrieves three length-compatible, gold-parsed examples from the labeled training split. We evaluate two open-weight language models without fine-tuning on all 2,077 sentences of the UD English Web Treebank test set, comparing the policy with shot- and format-matched fixed and semantic three-shot baselines, as well as zero-shot, chain-of-thought, and critique-refinement systems. POS-signature retrieval yields the highest labeled attachment score among the tested prompting systems for both models (72.4 and 73.2), outperforming semantic retrieval by 1.9 and 2.7 points; paired-bootstrap 95% confidence intervals exclude zero for both contrasts. Chain-of-thought and refinement comparisons vary across models. These exploratory results favor the tested POS-signature retrieval approach on English-EWT. We release the prompts, archived outputs, and evaluation code.