Histopathology Image Classification

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Overview

Histopathology image classification studies how to recognize disease and clinically relevant tissue patterns in microscope images, from small patches and cells to whole-slide images (WSIs). Common approaches include convolutional and vision-transformer models, pathology foundation models, and multiple-instance learning (MIL), which uses slide-level labels to combine evidence from many patches; newer methods also model spatial structure, multiple magnifications, and clinical or molecular data. These systems are evaluated on tasks such as tumor detection, cancer subtyping, grading, and biomarker prediction, using public benchmarks and increasingly external, multicenter, or prospective clinical settings. A central challenge is maintaining reliable performance across sites, stains, scanners, and patient groups while ensuring models use meaningful diagnostic evidence and provide calibrated, interpretable predictions at feasible computational cost.

Latest papers

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146 papers18 papers in the last four weeks, up 20% on the four weeks before. 0.1% of all new papers.

  1. Adaptive Prototype-based Interpretable Grading of Prostate Cancer

    Mar 5, 2026Riddhasree Bhattacharyya, Pallabi Dutta, Sushmita MitraProstate Cancer GradingHistopathology Image Classification

    Machine Intelligence Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata 700108

  2. Revisiting the Role of Foundation Models in Cell-Level Histopathological Image Analysis under Small-Patch Constraints -- Effects of Training Data Scale and Blur Perturbations on CNNs and Vision Transformers

    Mar 4, 2026Hiroki Kagiyama, Toru Nagasaka, Yukari Adachi +5Histopathology Image ClassificationComputational Pathology

    Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku,, Kobe 650-0017, Hyogo, Japan · Association of Medical Artificial Intelligence Curation, 505, Sakae Members Office Building, 4-16-8 Sakae, Naka-ku, Nagoya 460-0008, Aichi, Japan · Center for Medical Education and Clinical Training, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, 1-14-1 Miharadai, Minami-ku, Sakai 590-0111, Osaka, Japan +1

  3. Logit-Level Uncertainty Quantification in Vision-Language Models for Histopathology Image Analysis

    Mar 3, 2026Betul Yurdem, Ferhat Ozgur Catak, Murat Kuzlu +1Uncertainty QuantificationMedical VLMs

    Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Izmir Bakircay University, 35665 Izmir, Turkey · Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Stavanger, 4021 Stavanger, Norway · Batten College of Engineering and Technology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA

  4. GloPath: An Entity-Centric Foundation Model for Glomerular Lesion Assessment and Clinicopathological Insights

    Mar 3, 2026Qiming He, Jing Li, Tian Guan +26Pathology Foundation ModelsHistopathology Image Classification

    Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China · Interdisciplinary Institute for Medical Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China · Medical Optical Technology R&D Center, Research Institute of Tsinghua, Pearl River Delta, Guangzhou, China +6

  5. Intelligent Pathological Diagnosis of Gestational Trophoblastic Diseases via Visual-Language Deep Learning Model

    Mar 3, 2026Yuhang Liu, Yueyang Cang, Wenge Que +12Computational PathologyHistopathology Image Classification

    Department of Automation, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China · College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai, China · Department of Pathology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China +6

  6. ASMIL: Attention-Stabilized Multiple Instance Learning for Whole Slide Imaging

    Mar 1, 2026Linfeng Ye, Shayan Mohajer Hamidi, Zhixiang Chi +5Multiple Instance LearningWhole-Slide Image Analysis

    University of Toronto · Stanford University · Hokkaido University

  7. TC-SSA: Token Compression via Semantic Slot Aggregation for Gigapixel Pathology Reasoning

    Mar 1, 2026Zhuo Chen, Shawn Young, Lijian XuVisual Token CompressionWhole-Slide Image Analysis

    Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology Shenzhen, Guangdong, China · University of Nottingham NingBo China NingBo, ZheJiang, China FoSE, Department of Mathematics with Applied Mathematics

  8. Hierarchical Classification for Improved Histopathology Image Analysis

    Feb 28, 2026Keunho Byeon, Jinsol Song, Seong Min Hong +2Histopathology Image ClassificationHierarchical Classification

    School of Electrical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Korea · Department of Hospital Pathology, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea

  9. Margin-Consistent Deep Subtyping of Invasive Lung Adenocarcinoma via Perturbation Fidelity in Whole-Slide Image Analysis

    Feb 27, 2026Meghdad Sabouri Rad, Junze, Huang +6Histopathology Image ClassificationCancer Subtype Classification

    Vincent · Department of Pathology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA. · Columbia University, New York, NY, 10027, USA.

  10. Pretty Good Measurement for Radiomics: A Quantum-Inspired Multi-Class Classifier for Lung Cancer Subtyping and Prostate Cancer Risk Stratification

    Feb 27, 2026Giuseppe Sergioli, Carlo Cuccu, Giovanni Pasini +4Multiclass ClassificationQuantum-Inspired ML

    Università degli Studi di Cagliari, Via Is Mirrionis 1, Cagliari, 09123, Italy · Institute of Bioimaging and Complex Biological Systems - National Research Council (IBSBC - CNR), Cefalù, 90015, Italy · National Laboratory of South, National Institute for Nuclear Physics(LNS-INFN), Catania, 95125, Italy

  11. Enabling clinical use of foundation models for computational pathology

    Feb 25, 2026Audun L Henriksen, Ole-Johan Skrede, Lisa van der Schee +31Computational PathologyPathology Foundation Models

    Institute for Cancer Genetics and Informatics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway · Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands · Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK +20

  12. Momentum Memory for Knowledge Distillation in Computational Pathology

    Feb 24, 2026Yongxin Guo, Hao Lu, Onur C. Koyun +3Knowledge DistillationCross-Modal Knowledge Distillation

    Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA

  13. Exploiting Label-Independent Regularization from Spatial Dependencies for Whole Slide Image Analysis

    Feb 23, 2026Weiyi Wu, Xinwen Xu, Chongyang Gao +3Whole-Slide Image AnalysisMultiple Instance Learning

    1Dartmouth College · 2Massachusetts General Hospital · 3Northwestern University

  14. Hepato-LLaVA: An Expert MLLM with Sparse Topo-Pack Attention for Hepatocellular Pathology Analysis on Whole Slide Images

    Feb 23, 2026Yuxuan Yang, Zhonghao Yan, Yi Zhang +6Pathology VQAMedical VLMs

    School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China · Department of Pathology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China

  15. AINet: Anchor Instances Learning for Regional Heterogeneity in Whole Slide Image

    Feb 21, 2026Tingting Zheng, Hongxun Yao, Kui Jiang +2Whole-Slide Image AnalysisMultiple Instance Learning

    Harbin Institute of Technology · Tsinghua University · Zhengzhou University

  16. Initialization matters in few-shot adaptation of vision-language models for histopathological image classification

    Feb 21, 2026Pablo Meseguer, Rocío del Amor, Valery NaranjoHistopathology Image ClassificationVLM Adaptation

    Instituto Universitario de Investigación en Tecnología Centrada en el Ser Humano (HUMAN-Tech), Universitat Politècnica de Valencia, Valencia, Spain · Valencian Graduate School and Research Network for Artificial Intelligence (valgrAI), Valencia, Spain

  17. LGD-Net: Latent-Guided Dual-Stream Network for HER2 Scoring with Task-Specific Domain Knowledge

    Feb 19, 2026Peide Zhu, Linbin Lu, Zhiqin Chen +1Computational PathologyHistopathology Image Classification

    School of Mathematics and Statistics, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China · Department of Oncology, Mengchao Hepatobiliary Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350117, China

  18. Context-aware Skin Cancer Epithelial Cell Classification with Scalable Graph Transformers

    Feb 17, 2026Lucas Sancéré, Noémie Moreau, Katarzyna BozekComputational PathologyOncology

    Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Cologne, Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany · Institute for Biomedical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany · Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany +1

  19. MB-DSMIL-CL-PL: Scalable Weakly Supervised Ovarian Cancer Subtype Classification and Localisation Using Contrastive and Prototype Learning with Frozen Patch Features

    Feb 16, 2026Marcus Jenkins, Jasenka Mazibrada, Bogdan Leahu +1Histopathology Image ClassificationCancer Subtype Classification

    School of Computing Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7TJ, UK · Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Norwich, Norfolk, NR4 7UY, UK

  20. MacNet: An End-to-End Manifold-Constrained Adaptive Clustering Network for Interpretable Whole Slide Image Classification

    Feb 16, 2026Mingrui Ma, Chentao Li, Pan Huang +1Histopathology Image ClassificationExplainable Medical Image Analysis

    School of Computer Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China · Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Xinjiang 830011, China · Fu Foundation School of Engineering and Applied Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA +1

  21. Prototype Instance-semantic Disentanglement with Low-rank Regularized Subspace Clustering for WSIs Explainable Recognition

    Feb 16, 2026Chentao Li, Pan HuangWhole-Slide Image AnalysisHistopathology Image Classification

  22. Semi-Supervised Domain Adaptation with Latent Diffusion for Pathology Image Classification

    Jan 23, 2026Tengyue Zhang, Ruiwen Ding, Luoting Zhuang +3Computational PathologySynthetic Data Augmentation

    Medical & Imaging Informatics, Department of Radiological Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA · Bioengineering Department, Henry Samueli School of Engineering, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA · Department of Pathology & Laboratory Sciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA

  23. CytoCLIP: Learning Cytoarchitectural Characteristics in Developing Human Brain Using Contrastive Language Image Pre-Training

    Jan 18, 2026Pralaypati Ta, Sriram Venkatesaperumal, Keerthi Ram +1Medical VLMsHistopathology Image Classification

    Sudha Gopalakrishnan Brain Centre, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai, India. · Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Madras, Chennai, India.

  24. From Classification to Cross-Modal Understanding: Leveraging Vision-Language Models for Fine-Grained Renal Pathology

    Nov 15, 2025Zhenhao Guo, Rachit Saluja, Tianyu Shi +13Medical VLMsVLM Adaptation

    New York University, New York, NY 10012, USA · Cornell Tech, New York, NY 10044, USA · Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, 37235, USA +4

  25. Towards Accurate and Lightweight Peripheral Neuroblastic Tumor Diagnosis via Contrastive Multi-scale Pathological Image Analysis

    Apr 18, 2025Zhu Zhu, Shuo Jiang, Jingyuan Zheng +7Computational PathologyOncology

    Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, China · Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China · Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China +1

  26. Data Alchemy: Mitigating Cross-Site Model Variability Through Test Time Data Calibration

    Jul 18, 2024Abhijeet Parida, Antonia Alomar, Zhifan Jiang +7Image EnhancementTest-Time Adaptation

    Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, USA · Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain · Universidad Polit´ecnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain +2