Multiclass Classification

Ask about this topic

Overview

Multiclass classification studies how to assign an input to one of several possible categories, a task used in settings from medical diagnosis and image recognition to text analysis and fault detection. Common approaches include softmax and linear classifiers, decision trees and boosting, neural networks, ensembles, and structured methods such as one-vs-rest or hierarchical classification. Researchers also develop losses and sampling strategies for noisy or imbalanced data, and use classwise recall, macro-F1, calibration, and prediction sets to assess reliability beyond overall accuracy. A central challenge is balancing strong average performance with dependable predictions for rare or ambiguous classes; theoretical work studies sample-complexity limits, while practical work seeks methods that remain efficient, fair, and robust.

Latest papers

CardsList

97 papers13 papers in the last four weeks, up 8% on the four weeks before. 0.1% of all new papers.

  1. Optimal Multiclass Online Regret with Arbitrary Label Spaces

    Oct 23, 2026Sajad Ashkezari, Shai Ben-DavidMulticlass ClassificationStatistical Learning Theory

    University of Waterloo

  2. Two Is Enough: Binary Classification Priors Suffice for Multi-Class In-Context Tabular Prediction

    Oct 20, 2026Zhixiong Cheng, Shiyuan Han, Jingjing Suo +1Tabular Foundation ModelsTabular ICL

    Bairong Inc.AI, Beijing, China

  3. Gradient descent reaches arbitrary accuracy in a fixed number of large steps on multiclass logistic regression

    Oct 19, 2026Andreea-Alexandra Musat, Nicolas BoumalGradient DescentLogistic Regression

    École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Institute of Mathematics

  4. PAC Learning with Query Feedback

    Oct 16, 2026Chase Hutton, Adam Melrod, Han ShaoPAC LearningMulticlass Classification

    University of Maryland · Harvard University

  5. A Feature Selection Layer Approach for Multi-Class Classification on Neural Networks

    Oct 16, 2026João Pedro Silveira e Silva, Márcio Dorn, Bruno Iochins GrisciFeature SelectionFeature Attribution

    Institute of Informatics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil · Center for Biotechnology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil · National Institute of Science and Technology - Forensic Science, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil

  6. Learning a Group Element from Its Action: Galois Correspondences, Optimal ERM, and an Abel-Ruffini Threshold for the Natarajan Dimension

    Oct 13, 2026Xiaoyu LiSample ComplexityMulticlass Classification

    University of New South Wales

  7. Random Feature Pruning for Multi-Class Classification

    Oct 10, 2026Mohammad Amin Omidi, Babak Seyfe, Shahrokh ValaeeFeature SelectionRandom Feature Methods

    Information Theoretic Learning Systems Laboratory (ITLSL), Department of Electrical Engineering, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran · Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

  8. Private and Distributionally Robust Federated Multiclass Classification

    Oct 9, 2026Andrea P. Hernandez, Michael Ibrahim, Nagi GebraeelDifferentially Private Federated LearningMulticlass Classification

    H. Milton Stewart School of Industrial and Systems Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA 30332-0205, USA

  9. From Geometry to Generalization: Why Row Normalization Can Beat Adam and Muon

    Oct 8, 2026Jihwan Kim, Dogyoon Song, Chulhee YunAdaptive Gradient MethodsClassification

    Seoul National University · KAIST InnoCORE LLM · University of California, Davis +1

  10. The Implicit Bias of Hyperbolic Representation Learning for Multiclass Data: A Busemann Risk Perspective

    Oct 5, 2026Xingrun Li, Sho Kuno, Yusuke Mukuta +2Riemannian OptimizationImplicit Bias

    The University of Tokyo · RIKEN

  11. Compact set-valued deep ensembling in multi-class classification

    Oct 4, 2026Kim-Dung Tran, Dang-Man Nguyen, Vu-Linh Nguyen +3Deep EnsemblesMulticlass Classification

    UMR CNRS 7253, Heudiasyc, Universit´e de Technologie de Compi`egne, Compi`egne, France. · School of Knowledge Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi, Japan.

  12. Hierarchical Utility Calibration for Structured Multiclass Decisions

    Sep 29, 2026Futoshi Futami, Jerry Huang, Ichiro TakeuchiProbability CalibrationMulticlass Classification

    The University of Osaka · The University of Tokyo · RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project (AIP) +3

  13. Multi-Class, Multi-Tier Network Intrusion Detection: A Comprehensive and Reproducible Benchmark

    Sep 28, 2026Yufeng Xin, Bryant Goseland, Mohamed RahoutiNetwork Intrusion DetectionMulticlass Classification

    RENCI, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill, NC, USA · Dept. of Computer and Information Science Fordham University New York, NY, USA

  14. Identifiability Limits of Gravitational Wave Phase Deviations: Multiclass Classification with a Multihead Neural Network

    Sep 25, 2026Lavinia Heisenberg, Shayan HemmatyarGravitational-Wave AstronomyInverse Problems

    Institute for Theoretical Physics, Heidelberg University, Philosophenweg 16, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany

  15. Rethinking Class Imbalance for Single-Cell Foundation Models: A Systematic Benchmark Across Architectures and Long-Tail Loss Functions

    Sep 20, 2026Zeyu Dong, Jiahui ZhongClass-Imbalanced LearningLong-Tailed Classification

  16. Morphology-Aware Ambiguity Learning for Wafer Defect Decision Support

    Sep 18, 2026Seungjun Chu, Seokhyun ChungClassificationSemiconductor Manufacturing

    School of Industrial and Management Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea

  17. Bayesian classification of astronomical spectra with class uncertainties

    Sep 18, 2026Simon Barton, Martin Sahlén, Andreas Korn +1Monte Carlo DropoutMulticlass Classification

    Theoretical Astrophysics, Division of Astronomy and Space Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 524, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden. · Observational Astrophysics, Division of Astronomy and Space Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 524, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden · Division of High Energy Physics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Uppsala University, Box 524, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden +1

  18. SGD in Multiclass Logistic Regression: Sequential Learning and Scaling Laws

    Sep 7, 2026Konstantinos Christopher Tsiolis, Denny Wu, Christos Thrampoulidis +1Logistic RegressionMulticlass Classification

    University of Toronto, Vector Institute · New York University, Flatiron Institute · University of British Columbia +1

  19. Multi-label versus multi-class classification of blood cells and their aggregates in microfluidic channels

    Sep 7, 2026Igor Zingman, Shada Abuhattum, Sara Kaliman +8Multi-Label ClassificationMulticlass Classification

    Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen, Germany · Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin · Friedrich-Alexander Universiät Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany

  20. Large Classification-Risk-Optional Label Acquisition

    Sep 6, 2026F. Setoudehtanzangi, Geoffrey J. McLachlanActive LearningMulticlass Classification

    Dipartimento di Scienze Statistiche, Universit`a di Padova, Padova, Italy · School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Australia

  21. Learning Kernels by Alignment for Multiclass Bayes Classification

    Sep 6, 2026Hollan Haule, Javier EscuderoBayesian InferenceMetric Learning

  22. One-Layer Transformer Provably Learns Multiclass One-Nearest Neighbor in Context

    Sep 1, 2026Skanda Athreya, Yutong WangTransformerIn-Context Learning

    James B. Conant High School · Hoffman Estates, IL · Illinois Institute of Technology +1

  23. Informative Label Missingness in Multiclass Classification Information Geometry and Excess Risk

    Aug 31, 2026Fariborz Setoudehtazang, Geoffrey J. McLachlanInformation GeometryLearning with Missing Data

    Dipartimento di Scienze Statistiche, Universit`a di Padova, Padova, Italy · School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Australia

  24. Bandit Multiclass PAC Learning: Structural Baselines and a Confidence Direct Sum

    Aug 31, 2026Guangjian Zhang, Zhengyi Yang, Xiaoyang WangPAC LearningStatistical Learning Theory

  25. Fairness in multi-class multi-group classification problems via contextial coherent risk measures

    Aug 31, 2026Darinka Dentcheva, Xiangyu TianAlgorithmic FairnessMulticlass Classification

    Department of Mathematical Sciences · Stevens Institute of Technology · Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA +1

  26. Multiclass Linear Perceptrons with Multiplicative Margins

    Aug 30, 2026Dmitri Rachkovskij, Evgeny Osipov, Olexander Volkov +2Linear ClassificationMulticlass Classification

    Department of Computer Science, Electrical and Space Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87 Luleå, Sweden · Institute of Information Technologies and Systems, 03187 Kyiv, Ukraine · Centre for Data Analytics and Cognition, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia +2

  27. Adversarial Online Classification with a Preview

    Aug 30, 2026Roi Livni, Sahil SinglaOnline LearningStatistical Learning Theory

    School of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Tel Aviv University. · School of Computer Science, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA.

  28. Algorithmic Principles For Multiclass Learning Are Hard To Come By: Limits of Regularization and Proper Learning

    Aug 27, 2026Julian Asilis, Shaddin Dughmi, Vatsal Sharan +3Statistical Learning TheoryMulticlass Classification

    USC · University of Chicago · Northwestern University

  29. Two Dimensions Govern Agnostic Multiclass Transductive Learning

    Aug 26, 2026Pahan DewasurendraAgnostic LearningMulticlass Classification

    Johns Hopkins University

  30. PolyChirp: Multi-Species Birdsong Classification Using TinyML on Low-Power Acoustic Sensors

    Aug 24, 2026Nathan Duboisset, Zhaolan Huang, Felix Bießmann +3Bird Vocalization ClassificationAudio Classification

    Ecole Polytechnique, Palaiseau, France · Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany · Berlin University of Applied Sciences (BHT), Berlin, Germany +2