Jurisdictional Bias in Language Models

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9 papers1 paper in the last four weeks, against 1 the four weeks before. 0.0% of all new papers.

A Global View of How LLMs Value Human Time
Oct 13, 2026Yifan He, Manon Reusens, Sofie Goethals +1Jurisdictional Bias in Language Models Cross-Cultural Language Model Evaluation
When RAG Fails to Equalize: Geo-bias in Factual Question Answering over Public Companies
Aug 26, 2026Abhinav Havaldar, Enrico SantusJurisdictional Bias in Language Models RAG Robustness
Bloomberg
Is Your Neighborhood Safe? Place-based Stigma in Large Language Models' Urban Safety Judgments
Aug 23, 2026Huy Nguyen, Yue LinJurisdictional Bias in Language Models Demographic Bias in Language Models
Augustana College Rock Island, Illinois, USA · University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Urbana, Illinois, USA
MultiGlobeQA: A Multilingual and Globally Diverse Benchmark for Geospatial Reasoning
Aug 4, 2026Martin Böckling, Elizaveta Nosova, Heiko Paulheim +1Spatial Reasoning Multilingual QA
Data and Web Science Group, University of Mannheim, Germany
Mapping the City Through the Lens of Language Models
Aug 4, 2026Wanqi Liu, Rong Zhao, Zhizhou Sha +2LLM Evaluation Jurisdictional Bias in Language Models
Centre for Advanced Spatial Analysis (CASA), University College London, London, UK · Department of Computer Science, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA · Department of Civil and Transportation Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China +1
Unintended Effects of Geographic Conditioning in Large Language Models
Jun 16, 2026Naz Col, David M. ChanJurisdictional Bias in Language Models Privacy Leakage in Language Models
University of California, Berkeley
Which Institutional Frameworks Do Chatbots Assume? Auditing Jurisdictional Defaults in Multilingual LLMs
May 29, 2026Zhizhi Wang, Harini SureshMultilingual Language Model Evaluation LLM Auditing
Brown University
Benchmarking Open-Weight Foundation Models for Global AI Technical Governance
Apr 12, 2026Jason HungJurisdictional Bias in Language Models LLM Evaluation
Internet Society
Auditing Preferences for Brands and Cultures in LLMs
Mar 18, 2026Jasmine Rienecker, Katarina Mpofu, Naman Goel +4Jurisdictional Bias in Language Models LLM Auditing
Stupid Human · University of Oxford

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A Global View of How LLMs Value Human Time

Yifan He, Manon Reusens, Sofie Goethals, David Martens

Jurisdictional Bias in Language Models Cross-Cultural Language Model Evaluation Social Bias in Language Models LLM Evaluation

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Large language models (LLMs) increasingly act as personal assistants; however, little is known about how they capture national-level preferences on a global scale. Given that "time" is a universal and representative concept, we examine LLMs' time preferences by varying only users' country and measuring the compensation LLMs deem appropriate for a 60-minute appointment delay. We then compare LLMs' responses with GDP per capita on Purchasing Power Parity (GDP_PPP), Mean Income, and a literature-based index (Patience Score). Our results across 193 countries and 5 LLMs demonstrate that people's time across the world is evaluated in noticeably different ways among LLMs, as well as varying levels of robustness under prompt variations. LLMs consistently recommend the highest compensation for Europe, but mostly the lowest for Africa. Based on GDP_PPP, LLMs underestimate the value of time for users living in Asia and South America. These findings indicate that geographical patterns are embedded in LLMs and may translate in different treatment in agentic settings.