Linguistic Bias in Language Models

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8 papers in the last four weeks, against 2 the four weeks before. 0.1% of all new papers.

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  1. Synthetic Pre-pretraining Survives Scale, but Not as a Grammatical Prior

    Sep 30, 2026Atsuki Yamaguchi, Tatsuro Inaba, Joel Niklaus +3Language Model PretrainingSynthetic Data Pretraining

    University of Sheffield, UK · Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence, UAE · Hugging Face +3

  2. When Words Speak Louder than Images: Towards Understanding Language Bias in Vision-Language Models

    Sep 28, 2026Yizhou Fang, Siyue Chen, Zimo Qi +3VLM EvaluationVision-Language Models

    University of Waterloo · Independent Researcher · Johns Hopkins University +3

  3. Some Dialects Are More Equal Than Others: Non-Prestigious Arabic Dialectal Bias in LLMs

    Sep 21, 2026Mai Mohamed Eida, Ryan Dolan, Paul de Nijs +1Arabic NLPSocial Bias in Language Models

    University of Illinois Urbana Champaign

  4. Summarization Bias: The Directional Collapse of Objective Projection into Told-Mode Labels in Large Language Models --- A Conceptual Framework and Registered Test Protocol

    Sep 17, 2026Levent BulutLanguage Model Bias EvaluationLinguistic Bias in Language Models

    Independent Researcher

  5. Linguistic Triggers of Gender and Racial Bias in Open-Weight LLMs Applied to Recruitment

    Sep 16, 2026Kosuke Kitahara, Nobuhiro YamaguchiGender Bias in Language ModelsAI-Assisted Decision Making

    Recruit Co., Ltd. 1-9-2 Marunouchi Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-6640 Japan

  6. From a River in Gilead to the Inference Distributions of Large Language Models: Covert Dialect Bias and Linguistic Profiling at Scale

    Sep 16, 2026Chowdhury Mohammad Abdullah, Rita OrjiSocial Bias in Language ModelsLanguage Model Bias Evaluation

    Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University Halifax, NS, Canada

  7. How Humans and LLMs Read Gender into "Gender-Neutral" Physical Descriptions

    Sep 14, 2026Yingjia Wan, Lin Lin, Elisa KreissGender Bias in Language ModelsLanguage Model Bias Evaluation

    Department of Communication University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) · Department of Computer Science University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)

  8. FreqBLiMP: Frequency-Controlled Minimal Pairs Reveal Robustness and Fragility of LLMs Under Lexical Rarity

    Sep 7, 2026Tyrone White, Yuki AraseLLM EvaluationLanguage Modeling

    School of Computing, Institute of Science Tokyo Tokyo, Japan

  9. Does Episodic Memory Help Close the Lexical Frequency Gap in Sensitivity to Syntactic Contrasts? A Test Using Retrieval-Augmented Language Models

    Aug 24, 2026Jing Liu, Najoung KimMemory-Augmented Language ModelsLanguage Modeling

    CoML Team, LSCP ENS, Université PSL, EHESS, CNRS · Department of Linguistics Boston University

  10. It's How You Ask: Gender-Associated Linguistic Bias in LLMs

    Aug 13, 2026Katherine Van Koevering, Anjalie FieldGender Bias in Language ModelsSocial Bias in Language Models

    Data Science and AI Institute Johns Hopkins University · Computer Science Department Johns Hopkins University

  11. Language Models Generalize to Human-like Word Order Preferences

    Aug 5, 2026Amanda Popadich, Shane Steinert-ThrelkeldLanguage ModelingLinguistic Bias in Language Models

    Department of Linguistics, University of Washington

  12. The Fairness Collapse Phenomenon: Bias Amplification in Language Models Trained on Synthetic Data

    Aug 4, 2026Irina Proskurina, Antoine Gourru, Julien VelcinSynthetic Data PretrainingSelf-Training for Language Models

    Laboratoire Hubert Curien, UMR CNRS 5516, Saint-Étienne, France · Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Université Lumière Lyon 2, ERIC · École Centrale de Lyon, LIRIS, CNRS UMR 5205

  13. Cross-Lingual Bias in Large Language Models: A Comparative Analysis of English and Swahili

    Aug 4, 2026Ruolei Zhang, Teddy Njuguna, Yue FengMultilingual Language Model EvaluationLanguage Model Safety Evaluation

    University of Birmingham

  14. A Heuristic Perspective on Debiasing Language Models

    Aug 1, 2026Tian Lan, Yemin Wang, Chuancheng Shi +6Social Bias in Language ModelsCultural Bias in Language Models

    Inner Mongolia University · Xiamen University · University of Sydney +3

  15. AI systems and the reproduction of (standard) language ideologies in World Englishes

    Jul 30, 2026Kingsley UgwuanyiCultural Bias in Language ModelsLinguistic Bias in Language Models

    University of Nigeria, Nsukka · King’s College London · SOAS, University of London

  16. Probing Latent Colombian Identity Inferences in Qwen2.5-7B with Natural Language Autoencoders

    Jul 23, 2026Pablo Santiago Potes Velasco, María del Mar García Matabanchoy, Óscar Julián Pérez Ladino +3LLM InterpretabilityCultural Bias in Language Models

    Universidad Autónoma de Occidente Cali, Colombia · Universidad Autónoma de Occidente GobLab-UAI Cali, Colombia

  17. QuantiBias: Benchmarking Quantization-Induced Bias in LLMs

    Jul 23, 2026Emilio FerraraOpen-Ended GenerationLLM Quantization

    Thomas Lord Department of Computer Science University of Southern California

  18. LLM Evaluators are Biased across Languages

    Jul 16, 2026Ej Zhou, Lucas Resck, Zheng Hui +1Multilingual Language Model EvaluationLanguage Model Safety Evaluation

    Language Technology Lab, University of Cambridge

  19. Language Re-generation: An investigation into information locality effects on reconstruction

    Jul 11, 2026Amirhossein Mohammadi, Laurence E. Frank, Albert Gatt +1Linguistic Bias in Language Models

    Utrecht University

  20. LLMs Silently Correct African American English: Auditing and Mitigating Dialect Bias via Activation Steering

    Jul 7, 2026Huan Wu, Ali Emami, Muhammad Furquan Hassan +5Language Model SteeringSocial Bias in Language Models

    1York University · 2Vector Institute · Connected Minds +6

  21. RPAM: A Principled Metric for Evaluating Associations in Language Models with High Predictive Validity in Downstream Outputs

    Jul 6, 2026Damian Hodel, Jevin West, Aylin CaliskanLLM EvaluationSocial Bias in Language Models

    University of Washington, Seattle, USA

  22. The yes-no bias of large language models reflects answer order and wording, not shifts in moral judgment

    Jul 6, 2026Haonan HuangMoral Reasoning in Language ModelsFraming Effects in Language Models

    Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA

  23. Distill to Detect: Exposing Stealth Biases in LLMs through Cartridge Distillation

    Jul 1, 2026Shayan Talaei, Abhinav Chinta, Devvrit Khatri +3LLM AuditingLanguage Model Distillation

    1Stanford University · 3Foundation AI–Cisco Systems Inc. · University of Texas at Austin

  24. When transformers learn "impossible" languages, what do they learn?

    Jun 29, 2026Ram Janarthan, Coleman Haley, Sharon GoldwaterLinguistic Bias in Language ModelsText Generation

    University of Edinburgh

  25. The Language Blind Spot: How Query Language and Brand Recognition Tier Shape AI-Constructed Brand Reputation Across Twelve European Languages

    Jun 22, 2026Dmitrij ŻatuchinCultural Bias in Language ModelsLinguistic Bias in Language Models

    Estonian Entrepreneurship University of Applied Sciences · Department of Information Technologies, Estonian Entrepreneurship University of Applied Sciences (EUAS), Tallinn, Estonia. · Rankfor.AI, Tallinn, Estonia.

  26. Same question, different history: language, national identity, and credit in large language models

    Jun 22, 2026William Guey, Pierrick Bougault, Wei Zhang +2Social Bias in Language ModelsCultural Bias in Language Models

    Department of Industrial Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China · School of Social Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China · Department of Industrial Engineering, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

  27. Language-Specific Sentiment Polarity Biases in Encoder and Large Language Model Classification of Product Reviews

    Jun 22, 2026Advita Rajiv, Kavitha Kothur, Gautham ReddyMultilingual Language Model EvaluationLLM Evaluation

    John P. Stevens High School, Edison, NJ 08820 · Ford Foundation, New York, NY 10017 · NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27606

  28. The Almost Intelligent Revolution: Options for Scaling Up Deliberation and Empowering People with AI

    Jun 18, 2026Serge SharoffSocial Bias in Language ModelsComputational Argumentation

    School of Languages, Cultures and Societies, University of Leeds, UK

  29. P3B3: A Multi-Turn Conversational Benchmark for Measuring European and Brazilian Portuguese Variety Bias in LLMs

    Jun 15, 2026Rafael Ferreira, Inês Vieira, Inês Calvo +6Multilingual Language Model EvaluationSocial Bias in Language Models

    NOVA University of Lisbon, Portugal · NOVA LINCS

  30. MIRAGE: Auditing Anti-Muslim Bias in Frontier LLMs Across Reasoning, Agentic, and Time-Coupled Conditions

    Jun 15, 2026Noor Islam S. Mohammad, Tamim SheikhLLM Safety BenchmarksLLM Auditing

    Department of Computer Science, Informatics Institute, Istanbul Technical University, ˙Istanbul, Türkiye · Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Bangladesh.

  31. AmchiBias: Measuring Stereotypical Bias in Goan Identity Groups with a Minimal Pair Dataset in English and Konkani

    Jun 13, 2026Michelle Barbosa, Sebastian Padó, Franziska WeeberMultilingual Language Model EvaluationCultural Bias in Language Models

    Institute for Natural Language Processing, University of Stuttgart

  32. The Shibboleth Effect: Auditing the Cross-Lingual Distributional Skew of Large Language Models

    Jun 9, 2026Hakan MehmetcikMultilingual Language Model EvaluationLLM Auditing

    Visiting Researcher, Kellogg Institute for International Studies, University of Notre Dame, IN, USA · Prof of International Relations, at the Faculty of Political Science, Marmara University, Istanbul, Türkiye

  33. It Takes One to Bias Them All: Breaking Bad with One-Shot GRPO

    Jun 9, 2026Naihao Deng, Yilun Zhu, Naichen Shi +2LLM AlignmentSocial Bias in Language Models

    University of Michigan · Northwestern University

  34. The Amplifying Mirror: Locating and Steering the Partisan Direction inside a Large Language Model

    Jun 7, 2026Wendy K. TamLLM InterpretabilityPolitical Bias in Language Models

    Professor and Stevenson Chair in the Departments of Political Science, Computer Science, Biomedical Informatics, and the Law School at Vanderbilt University

  35. Epistemic Injustice in Language Models: An Audit of Pretraining Filters and Guardrails

    Jun 4, 2026Marco Antonio Stranisci, A Pranav, Rossana Damiano +2LLM GuardrailsTraining Data Curation

    University of Turin, Italy · Trustworthy AI Lab, University of Hamburg, Germany · IT University of Copenhagen, Denmark

  36. On the Persistent Effects of Lexicality in Large Language Models

    Jun 1, 2026Hammad Rizwan, Muhammad Umair Haider, Nishant Subramani +3LLM InterpretabilityLanguage Modeling

    Dalhousie University Halifax, NS · University of Kentucky Lexington, KY · Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA

  37. Mechanistic Diagnostics of Spatial Lexical Bias in Multimodal Large Language Model Spatial Reasoning

    Jun 1, 2026Chuang Ma, Qianying Liu, Tomoyuki Obuchi +6VLM RobustnessVisual Spatial Reasoning

    Kyoto University · NII LLMC · RIKEN AIP +4

  38. IndoBias: A Dual Track Culturally Grounded Benchmark for LLMs Bias Evaluation in Indonesian Languages

    May 31, 2026Ikhlasul Akmal Hanif, Muhammad Falensi Azmi, Filbert Aurelian Tjiaranata +2Multilingual Language Model EvaluationCultural Bias in Language Models

    Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence · Independent Researcher · Universitas Indonesia

  39. Isolating LLM Lexical Bias: A Curation-Free Triangulated Metric for Preference-Stage Learning

    May 29, 2026Xiaoyang Ming, Jose Hernandez, Thomas Stephan JuzekLLM AlignmentLLM Fine-Tuning

    Florida State University

  40. Anchoring LLM Gender Bias to Human Baselines: A Cross-Lingual Audit

    May 29, 2026Jiwoo Choi, Seonwoo Ahn, Tongxin Zhang +1Gender Bias in Language ModelsMultilingual Language Model Evaluation

    School of Digital Humanities and Computational Social Sciences, KAIST, South Korea

  41. COFT: Counterfactual-Conformal Decoding for Fair Chain-of-Thought Reasoning in Large Language Models

    May 28, 2026Arya Fayyazi, Mehdi Kamal, Massoud PedramSocial Bias in Language ModelsCounterfactual Fairness

    Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA.

  42. When English Rewrites Local Knowledge: Global Narrative Dominance in Large Language Models

    May 28, 2026Md Arid Hasan, Ruwad Naswan, Farhan Samir +2Multilingual Language Model EvaluationLLM Grounding

    University of Toronto · BUET · University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

  43. GRUFF: LLM Pronoun Fidelity, Reasoning, and Biases in German

    May 28, 2026Fabian Mewes, Anne Lauscher, Vagrant GautamGender Bias in Language ModelsLinguistic Bias in Language Models

    JobMatchMe GmbH, Germany · Trustworthy AI Lab, University of Hamburg, Germany · Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies, Germany

  44. DEPART: DEcomposing PARiTy across Multilingual LLMs

    May 27, 2026Manan Uppadhyay, Prashant Kodali, Pranjal Chitale +3Multilingual Language Model EvaluationCross-Lingual Reasoning in Language Models

    Microsoft Research India · IIT Gandhinagar

  45. Auditing Stance Asymmetry in Generative Explanations

    May 27, 2026Jiarui HanLanguage Model Generation EvaluationSocial Bias in Language Models

  46. SomaliBench Eval: Measuring English-to-Somali Refusal Gaps in Open-Weight Language Models

    May 25, 2026Khalid Yusuf DahirLLM Safety BenchmarksMultilingual Language Model Evaluation

    Independent researcher

  47. Side-by-side Comparison Amplifies Dialect Bias in Language Models

    May 23, 2026Kritee Kondapally, Claire J. Smerdon, Pooja C. Patel +5Social Bias in Language ModelsAlgorithmic Fairness

    University of Southern California, USA

  48. Reducing Political Manipulation with Consistency Training

    May 21, 2026Long Phan, Devin Kim, Alexander Pan +3Social Bias in Language ModelsPolitical Bias in Language Models

    Center for AI Safety · UC Berkeley

  49. Toward LLMs Beyond English-Centric Development

    May 15, 2026Sho Takase, Ukyo HondaMultilingual Language ModelsContinual Learning for LLMs

    CyberAgent

  50. Fair outputs, Biased Internals: Causal Potency and Asymmetry of Latent Bias in LLMs for High-Stakes Decisions

    May 12, 2026Jagdish Tripathy, Marcus BuckmannLLM AuditingImplicit Bias

    Bank of England

  51. BiAxisAudit: A Novel Framework to Evaluate LLM Bias Across Prompt Sensitivity and Response-Layer Divergence

    May 9, 2026Jialing Gan, Junhao Dong, Songze LiPrompt SensitivityLLM Auditing

    Southeast University, China · Nanyang Technological University, Singapore

  52. Is She Even Relevant? When BERT Ignores Explicit Gender Cues

    May 8, 2026Jonas Klein, Chiara Manna, Eva VanmassenhoveLanguage Model PretrainingGender Bias in Language Models

    Department of Computational Cognitive Science, Tilburg University, Warandelaan 2, 5037 AB Tilburg, Netherlands

  53. Decoding-Time Debiasing via Process Reward Models: From Controlled Fill-in to Open-Ended Generation

    May 4, 2026Muneeb Ur Raheem KhanDebiased MLLanguage Model Decoding

    Lahore University of Management Sciences (LUMS)

  54. What Kind of Language is Easy to Language-Model Under Curriculum Learning?

    Apr 29, 2026Nadine El-Naggar, Tatsuki Kuribayashi, Ted BriscoeInductive BiasLinguistic Bias in Language Models

    Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence

  55. An Investigation of Linguistic Biases in LLM-Based Recommendations

    Apr 28, 2026Nitin Venkateswaran, Jason Ang, Deep Adhikari +1Language Model Bias EvaluationLinguistic Bias in Language Models

    University of Florida

  56. All Languages Matter: Understanding and Mitigating Language Bias in Multilingual RAG

    Apr 22, 2026Dan Wang, Guozhao Mo, Yafei Shi +9Retrieval-Augmented GenerationLLM Reranking

    Chinese Information Processing Laboratory, Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences · University of Chinese Academy of Sciences · MYbank, AntGroup

  57. Location Not Found: Exposing Implicit Local and Global Biases in Multilingual LLMs

    Apr 21, 2026Guy Mor-Lan, Omer Goldman, Matan Eyal +6Multilingual Language ModelsMultilingual Language Model Evaluation

    GGoogle Research · BBar-Ilan University · CUniversity of Cambridge +1

  58. Contrastive Analysis of Linguistic Representations in Large Language Model Outputs through Structured Synthetic Data Generation and Abstracted N-gram Associations

    Apr 19, 2026S. A. Desimone, L. Alonso AlemanySocial Bias in Language ModelsLanguage Model Bias Evaluation

    Universidad Nacional de C´ordoba · CONICET

  59. How Does "English (US)" Become the Default? Triangulating Structural Bias Towards American English Across the LLM Pipeline

    Apr 5, 2026Mir Tafseer Nayeem, Davood RafieiLanguage Model PretrainingLLM Auditing

    Department of Computing Science University of Alberta

  60. Investigating Social Bias Changes in Quantized Language Models

    Feb 5, 2026Stanley Z. Hua, Sanae Lotfi, Irene Y. ChenLLM QuantizationSocial Bias in Language Models

    UC Berkeley & UCSF · Meta Superintelligence Labs