Large Reasoning Models

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Metaphors are a Source of Cross-Domain Misalignment of Large Reasoning Models
Jan 6, 2026Zhibo Hu, Chen Wang, Yanfeng Shu +2LLM Reasoning Strategies Large Reasoning Models
The University of New South Wales · CSIRO Data61
Distilling the Essence: Efficient Reasoning Distillation via Sequence Truncation
Dec 24, 2025Wei-Rui Chen, Vignesh Kothapalli, Ata Fatahibaarzi +5Knowledge Distillation Large Reasoning Models
1The University of British Columbia · 2LinkedIn · 3Canada Research Chair in NLP and ML
Step-Tagging: Toward controlling the generation of Language Reasoning Models through step monitoring
Dec 16, 2025Yannis Belkhiter, Seshu Tirupathi, Giulio Zizzo +1Large Reasoning Models Progressive Reasoning
1IBM Research Europe, Dublin, Ireland · 2Trinity College Dublin, Ireland · 3ADAPT Research Centre, Dublin, Ireland
Superficial Reflection or Genuine Thought? A Fine-Grained Cognitive Analysis of Large Reasoning Models
Nov 30, 2025Yuxiang Chen, Zuohan Wu, Ziwei Wang +6Large Reasoning Models Reflections
University College London · AI Lab, the Yangtze River Delta, China · The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou) +4
Learning to Reason Efficiently with Discounted Reinforcement Learning
Oct 27, 2025Alex Ayoub, Kavosh Asadi, Dale Schuurmans +2Large Reasoning Models Reasoning Skills
Amazon, University of Alberta · Amazon · University of Alberta
Refine Thought: A Test-Time Inference Method for Embedding Model Reasoning
Oct 14, 2025Guangzhi Wang, Kai Li, Yinghao Jiao +1Large Reasoning Models Inference-Time
CareerInternational Research Team
Base Models Know How to Reason, Thinking Models Learn When
Oct 8, 2025Constantin Venhoff, Iván Arcuschin, Philip Torr +2Large Reasoning Models Reasoning Skills
University of Oxford, UK · MATS · Poseidon Research.
Multi-Agent Design Assistant for the Simulation of Inertial Fusion Energy
Oct 2, 2025Meir H. Shachar, Dane M. Sterbentz, Harshitha Menon +10Nuclear Fusion Finite Element Method
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore, CA, USA · Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore, CA 94550, USA · Sandia National Laboratories Albuquerque, NM, USA +3
Think Right: Learning to Mitigate Under-Over Thinking via Adaptive, Attentive Compression
Oct 2, 2025Joykirat Singh, Justin Chih-Yao Chen, Archiki Prasad +3Large Reasoning Models Think
UNC Chapel Hill · The University of Texas at Austin · Microsoft Research
Stop Before You Fail: Operational Capability Boundaries for Mitigating Unproductive Reasoning in Large Reasoning Models
Sep 29, 2025Qingjie Zhang, Yujia Fu, Yang Wang +5Large Reasoning Models Early Failure Prediction
Tsinghua University · 2Ant Group
Reasoning or Rambling? Exploring the Effect of Thinking on Agent Persuasion
Sep 25, 2025Haodong Zhao, Jidong Li, Zhaomin Wu +4Persuasion LLM Reasoning Strategies
School of Computer Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University · 2National University of Singapore · 3Inner Mongolia Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University
PiCSAR: Probabilistic Confidence Selection And Ranking for Reasoning Chains
Aug 29, 2025Joshua Ong Jun Leang, Zheng Zhao, Aryo Pradipta Gema +7Large Reasoning Models Confidence Calibration
Imperial College London · University of Edinburgh · UCL
Bridging the Gap in Ophthalmic AI: MM-Retinal-Reason Dataset and OphthaReason Model toward Dynamic Multimodal Reasoning
Aug 22, 2025Ruiqi Wu, Yuang Yao, Na Su +11Multimodal Reasoning Ophthalmology
School of Computer Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China · Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China · School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
From "Aha Moments" to Controllable Thinking: Toward Meta-Cognitive Reasoning in Large Reasoning Models via Decoupled Reasoning and Control
Aug 6, 2025Rui Ha, Rui Pu, Chaozhuo Li +2Large Reasoning Models Metacognition
Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, China · 2Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, China
Reconsidering Overthinking: Penalizing Internal and External Redundancy in CoT Reasoning
Aug 4, 2025Taihang Zhen, Jialiang Hong, Kai Chen +12Large Reasoning Models Chain-of-Thought Reasoning
School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China · China Mobile (Suzhou) Software Technology Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215000, China · State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China +2
Medical Reasoning in the Era of LLMs: A Systematic Review of Enhancement Techniques and Applications
Aug 1, 2025Zizhan Ma, Wenxuan Wang, Meidan Ding +7Clinical Reasoning Training LLM Reasoning Strategies
The Chinese University of Hong Kong · Renmin University of China · Shenzhen University +3
Knowing When to Critique: Task-Adaptive Metacognitive Regulation for Reliable LLM Reasoning
Jul 20, 2025Xinmeng Hou, Ziting Chang, Zhouquan Lu +5LLM Reasoning Strategies Critique
Nanyang Technological University · Unicorn Verse · Shanghai Jiao Tong University +3
LLM Bidders Preserve the Mechanism-Level Orderings of Human Bidders
Jul 12, 2025Anand Shah, Kehang Zhu, Yanchen Jiang +4Bidding LLM Reasoning Strategies
MIT & NBER
When Can Large Reasoning Models Save Thinking? Mechanistic Analysis of Behavioral Divergence in Reasoning
May 21, 2025Rongzhi Zhu, Yi Liu, Jiancheng Wang +6Large Reasoning Models Behavioral Divergence
State Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University, China · China Unicom Software Research Institute, China · National Institute of Healthcare Data Science, Nanjing University, China +1
Scaling Evaluation-time Compute with Reasoning Models as Evaluators
Mar 25, 2025Seungone Kim, Ian Wu, Jinu Lee +8Large Reasoning Models Test Time
CMU · UIUC2 · KAIST AI3 +3
Building Expressive and Tractable Probabilistic Generative Models: A Review
Feb 1, 2024Sahil Sidheekh, Sriraam NatarajanProbabilistic Model Generative Models
The University of Texas at Dallas
ReasoningFlow: Discourse Structures for Understanding LLM Reasoning Traces
Date pendingJinu Lee, Shivam Agarwal, Amruta Parulekar +3Reasoning Traces LLM Reasoning Strategies
The Grainger College of Engineering University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

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Metaphors are a Source of Cross-Domain Misalignment of Large Reasoning Models

Zhibo Hu, Chen Wang, Yanfeng Shu, Hye-young Paik+1

The University of New South Wales · CSIRO Data61

LLM Reasoning Strategies Large Reasoning Models Metaphors Proficiency

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Earlier research has shown that metaphors influence human decision-making, raising the question of whether metaphors also influence large language models (LLMs)' reasoning pathways, given that their training data contain a large number of metaphors. In this work, we investigate the problem in the scope of the emergent misalignment problem, where LLMs can generalize patterns learned from misaligned content in one domain to another domain. We find strong evidence that metaphors in training data contribute to cross-domain misalignment in LLMs' reasoning outputs. With metaphor-based interventions during continued pre-training and fine-tuning for inducing misalignment, models exhibit significantly different degrees of emergent cross-domain misalignment. We also observe similar effects in re-alignment settings. As we further investigate this phenomenon, we find that metaphors are linked to the activation of latent features in large reasoning models. By monitoring these latent features, we design a detector that predicts misaligned content with high accuracy.

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