Clinical Reasoning

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24 papers in the last four weeks, up 14% on the four weeks before. 0.2% of all new papers.

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Coverage-Aware Reasoning with Medical Tokens for Diagnosis Prediction
Oct 7, 2026Kaisong Zhang, Haotian Fang, Junmeng Zhou +3Medical LLMs Clinical Prediction
Fuzhou University · Shanghai Jiao Tong University · Beihang University
PsyCIDRA: A Dual-Agent Framework for Psychiatric Interviewing and Diagnostic Reasoning
Oct 5, 2026Milad Mohammadi, Fatemeh Akrami Shamsabadi, Zahra Mohseni +4LLM Agents Clinical Reasoning
School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran · Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Tehran · School of Medicine, Yazd (Shahid Sadoghi) University of Medical Sciences
TrustMed-RL: Long-Horizon Reinforcement Learning for Evidence-Grounded Clinical Diagnosis
Oct 3, 2026Wenxin Zhan, Yizheng Jiao, Haifeng Song +4Medical Diagnosis Clinical Decision-Making
Department of Information Systems and Statistics, Baruch College · Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · Tsinghua University +2
TCMClinicalReason-Bench: Can Language Models Reason from Pathogenesis to Prescription over Real-World Clinical Cases?
Oct 3, 2026Jirui Dai, Chenkai Zhang, Yan Jia +4Clinical Language Model Evaluation Clinical Reasoning
the Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA · the School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China · the School of Information Engineering, Huzhou University, Huzhou, China +3
A rubric landscape for evaluating clinical reasoning in large language models: what exists, what is missing, and what needs to be combined
Oct 1, 2026Zhangshu Joshua Jiang, Zina Ibrahim, James T. TeoFaithfulness of Language Model Explanations Temporal Reasoning in Language Models
DRIVE-Health CDT Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King’s College London London, UK
ASCRIBE: Atomic and Significance-Based Reasoning for Thai Clinical SOAP Note Generation
Oct 1, 2026Tarm Kalavantavanich, Teerawut Ponarchar, Pattaramanee Arsomngern +5Medical Report Generation Clinical Reasoning
Looloo Health, Thailand · Kasetsart University, Thailand · Mahidol University, Thailand
Can LLMs Reason Over Long Horizons? An Empirical Evaluation of Context Strategies for Longitudinal Clinical Reasoning
Sep 30, 2026Taye Akinrele, Noorbakhsh Amiri Golilarz, Subash Neupane +2Long-Context Language Model Evaluation Clinical Reasoning
Department of Computer Science, The University of Alabama
EHR-RobustGym: Benchmarking and Training Agents for Robust Clinical Reasoning
Sep 30, 2026Yitong Qiao, Yancheng Jin, Lei Liu +4Evidence-Grounded Reasoning AI Agent Benchmarks
Zhejiang University · Ant Healthcare, Ant Group
From Image Interpretation to Clinical Reasoning: Upstream Physician-Context-Aware Multimodal Learning with Causal Reinforcement Learning
Sep 30, 2026Jialu Pi, Yanan Ma, Weijie Chen +8Clinical Outcome Prediction Multimodal Reasoning
Dept. of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ, USA · School of Computing and Augmented Intelligence, Arizona State University, Tempe, USA · Dept. of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, USA +2
KlinikeBench: Evaluating Language Models Beyond Diagnostic Accuracy
Sep 29, 2026Xueting Fang, Zehui Li, Yang Yang +5Clinical Decision-Making Multi-Turn Dialogue Evaluation
Zhejiang University · Imperial College London · Nanchang University +2
A Proposed Rubric for Evaluating Expressed Clinical Reasoning in Large Language Model Responses
Sep 29, 2026Zhangshu Joshua Jiang, Zina Ibrahim, James T. TeoClinical Reasoning Rubric-Based Evaluation
DRIVE-Health CDT Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King’s College London, London, UK · Neurological Institute, Cleveland Clinic London, London, UK · King’s College London, London, UK +1
CLIMB: A Clinical Multimorbidity Benchmark for Diagnosing Co-occurring Conditions through Multiturn Conversations
Sep 28, 2026Yusuf Kesmen, Aniruddha Mukherjee, Yena Chang +7Medical Diagnosis Multi-Turn Dialogue Evaluation
EPFL · Aarhus University
Training-Free Clinical Reasoning through Medical Ontologies and Cognitive Mapping: A Symbolic-Probabilistic Knowledge Graph Framework
Sep 28, 2026Surajit DasSymbolic Reasoning Clinical Reasoning
Jev in Medicine: A Benchmark Evaluation
Sep 27, 2026Alfredo Madrid-García, Beatriz Merino-BarbanchoMedical QA Clinical Reasoning
Independent researcher Madrid, Spain
An auditable conditional-strategy framework for open-ended decision-making in complex lung cancer
Sep 24, 2026Daoyun Wang, Zhicheng Huang, Huaiyuan Sun +39Clinical Decision Support Clinical Decision-Making
PCQC: Privileged Counterfactual Question Credit for Multi-Turn Medical Dialogue
Sep 23, 2026Chenxuan Li, Jiayi Wan, Xinrong Chen +3Clinical Reasoning Medical LLMs
Peking University, Beijing, China · Department of Medical Bioinformatics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
Syndrome, Synergy, and Safety: Structured Reasoning and Knowledge-Driven Alignment for TCM Prescription Generation
Sep 22, 2026Zheng Chen, ZhiCheng Du, Haoxuan Li +1LLM Alignment CoT Reasoning
Tsinghua University · Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hengqin
Fathom-Vaidya: Advancing Medical Reasoning with Rubric-Based Rewards
Sep 21, 2026Kalash Shah, Kunal Singh, Snehan J +1RL for Language Model Reasoning Rubric-Based RL
Fractal AI Research
LLMs Anchor on Chief Complaint and Fail to Integrate Evidence in Sequential Clinical Triage
Sep 19, 2026Dipankar Srirag, Haokai Zhao, Ashutosh Kumar +6Clinical Triage Clinical Reasoning
University of New South Wales, Sydney · Independent Researcher · St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney +2
EMR: Self-Evolving Medical Multi-Agent System via Experience Mining and Reuse
Sep 14, 2026Dongsheng Shi, Yue Li, Xin Yi +1Continual Learning for LLM Agents Multi-Agent LLM Systems
East China Normal University · City University of Hong Kong
MedTRACE: Tool-Augmented Multimodal Clinical Reasoning Agents for Evidence-Grounded Decision-Making
Sep 13, 2026Ji Lu, Lifei Liu, Haoran Yu +5Medical Diagnosis Clinical Decision-Making
Vanderbilt University, United States · Wichita State University, United States · University of Florida, United States +4
From Visual Attribution to Clinical Reasoning: Explainable Parkinson's Disease Screening from Hand-Drawn Patterns
Sep 13, 2026Aritra Dey, Utsav Kumar Nareti, Chandranath Adak +3Parkinson's Disease Explainable Image Classification
Dept. of CSE, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, India-453552 · Dept. of CSE, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, India-801106 · M. R. Bangur Hospital, West Bengal, India-700033 +1
VeriDx: Earning the Right to Diagnose with Disease-Centric Verification
Sep 12, 2026Zhong Cao, Shuying ChenMedical Diagnosis Clinical Language Model Evaluation
Heidelberg University · University of International Business and Economics
Hindsight Bias in Clinical Temporal Reasoning: How Future Data Exposure Affects Large Language Model Judgment
Sep 11, 2026Misaki Matsuura, Sayantan Kumar, Ojas Kadam +1Temporal Reasoning in Language Models Clinical Reasoning
Case School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, USA · National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, USA · Rice University University, USA
Scaling Clinical Judgment to Evaluate Medical AI
Sep 11, 2026Thomas A. Buckley, Zahir Kanjee, Peter G. Brodeur +15LLM-as-a-Judge LLM Fine-Tuning
Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA · Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA · Stanford Division of Hospital Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA +11
Performance of Clinical AI System and Physicians and Frontier Language Models in primary care diagnostics
Sep 8, 2026Andy Nkansah, Hanna Plotnitskaya, Stanislau Salavei +6Healthcare Medical Diagnosis
1A.I. Doctor Medical Assist LTD, Limassol, Cyprus. · 2Family Medicine Specialist, Kraków, Poland.
Constructing and Evaluating Clinical Reasoning Trajectories for Medical Agent
Sep 4, 2026Yunqi Zhu, Wensheng Zhang, Xuebing YangReasoning Evaluation Clinical Reasoning
Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China · Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
A Structured Debate-Mixture-of-Agents Framework for Complex Clinical Diagnostic Decision Support
Sep 4, 2026Chang Xia, Leilei Ouyang, Huimin Wang +2Multi-Agent LLM Systems Clinical Decision Support
College of Computer Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610207, China · West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China · Med-X Center for Informatics, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
PetQA: Benchmarking Veterinary Knowledge and Clinical Reasoning
Sep 4, 2026Taegyun Kim, Youngwook Ham, Jungwook Rhim +3Question Answering Clinical Language Model Evaluation
Department of Intelligent Semiconductors, Soongsil University · Kangwon National University · KDI School of Public Policy and Management +1
Clinical Reasoning Under a Partially Observed Objective in Cone Beam CT Report Generation
Sep 2, 2026Ajo Babu George, Govind Arun, Sidharth N Krishna +1Radiology Report Generation Radiology Report Evaluation
DiceMed, Cuttack, Odisha, India · University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, USA · Indira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi, India +1

Oct 7, 2026, cs.LGJ/K move · Enter open · S save

Coverage-Aware Reasoning with Medical Tokens for Diagnosis Prediction

Kaisong Zhang, Haotian Fang, Junmeng Zhou, Hang Lv+2

Fuzhou University · Shanghai Jiao Tong University · Beihang University

Medical LLMs Clinical Prediction Clinical Reasoning RL for Language Model Reasoning Electronic Health Records

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Large language models (LLMs) offer promising potential for next-visit diagnosis prediction, owing to their ability to integrate longitudinal clinical evidence and reason over it in natural language. However, reinforcement learning for LLM reasoning commonly rewards each trajectory according to the correctness of its final answer. In next-visit diagnosis prediction, multiple diagnoses can be simultaneously valid, but independently rewarding one diagnosis per trajectory does not distinguish repeated hits from coverage of different diagnoses. The policy can therefore concentrate on a few correct diagnoses, leaving others uncovered. Meanwhile, LLM tokenizers can split ICD codes into several generic tokens with limited clinical meaning, requiring multiple decoding steps to predict each diagnosis and hindering reasoning over a large disease vocabulary. To address both challenges, we propose CARing, a framework that represents diagnoses with compositional Semantic IDs (SIDs) and optimizes reasoning trajectories for multi-label coverage. Concretely, we first encode ontology-enriched disease semantics into compact SIDs through residual quantization, and ground the resulting SID tokens in natural language and longitudinal EHR contexts through multi-task alignment and reasoning-enriched training to unlock transferable LLM reasoning. CARing further improves unordered multi-label prediction through a coverage reward for reinforcement learning and multi-positive supervision. At inference time, the model supports both efficient direct constrained decoding and multi-chain reasoning with rank fusion. On MIMIC-III and MIMIC-IV, CARing exceeds all EHR-trained baselines in weighted F1 and attains the highest top-k recall at every reported cutoff, including R@30 of 46.04% and 46.52% in reasoning mode. Our codes and logs are available at https://github.com/zmlxzyh/CARing-Codes-Logs.