Agent Harness Optimization

Overview

Agent harness optimization studies how to improve the runtime systems around AI models—such as their instructions, tools, memory, context handling, verification, and task-control workflows—to make agents more effective and efficient. Common approaches use execution traces to diagnose failures and then apply iterative code or prompt edits, Bayesian or bandit search, evolutionary methods, reinforcement learning, or reusable modular components; some methods also optimize model weights alongside the harness. Work spans coding and terminal tasks such as SWE-bench and Terminal-Bench, interactive environments such as ALFWorld and WebShop, and embodied robotics. A central tension is that gains can depend on the model and task, or overfit to evaluation conditions, so matched-budget comparisons, held-out transfer tests, regression checks, and cost measurement are essential.

Latest papers

CardsList

185 papers65 papers in the last four weeks, up 103% on the four weeks before. 0.4% of all new papers.

  1. HEMO: Harness Self-Evolution for Multi-Objective Combinatorial Optimization

    Oct 29, 2026Jianghan Zhu, Cong Zhang, Ni Zhang +3Automated Heuristic DesignMulti-Objective Optimization

  2. Your Policy Is Secretly a Harness: The Decision Geometry of Agent Interfaces

    Oct 27, 2026Jian Mu, Ruibo Shen, Yao ShuLLM Agent HarnessesAgent Harness Optimization

  3. When the Critic Falls Behind: Co-Evolving Rubrics and Harnesses for Continual Agent Self-Improvement

    Oct 27, 2026Hao Chen, Yukun Yan, Ziyu Han +7Self-Improving AgentsAgent Harness Optimization

  4. The View from Nowhere: Population-Centered Agent Evolution

    Oct 27, 2026Shuo Yan, Ningning Hou, Haoyu He +2LLM Agent Self-ImprovementSoftware Engineering Agents

  5. CoHARL: Co-Evolving Agent Policies and Executable Harnesses with Reinforcement Learning

    Oct 27, 2026Jianwen Chen, Peng Xia, Kaide Zeng +5Agent Harness OptimizationRL for LLM Agents

  6. VISTA: Active Exploration for Self-Improvement in Embodied Agents

    Oct 26, 2026Zhang Zhang, Shengjun Zhang, Simin Huang +4Self-Improving AgentsAgent Harness Optimization

  7. HarnessMM: Recursive Self-Improvement for Harness Token Efficiency

    Oct 23, 2026Yuhua Jiang, Chang Xu, Feifei Gao +1Agent Harness OptimizationLLM Agent Efficiency

  8. FastHarness: Experience-Driven Review Scheduling for Vision-Language-Action Policies

    Oct 22, 2026Tao Lin, Yuxin Du, Haoxiao Wang +2Agentic AI for RoboticsAgent Harness Optimization

  9. Can LLMs Improve Their Own Harness? A Controlled Study on ARC-AGI-3

    Oct 21, 2026Jens Lehmann, Sahar VahdatiLLM Agent HarnessesAgent Harness Optimization

  10. An Explicit Feedback Contract for Iterative ML-Agent Harnesses

    Oct 20, 2026Kehui Yao, Chuanbo Hu, Jiao Chen +8Agent Harness OptimizationAutomated Agent Evaluation

  11. Object-Oriented Harness: Evolving Agent Harnesses through Object-Oriented Design

    Oct 20, 2026Gaotang Li, Bhavana Dalvi Mishra, Yifei Ming +9Agent Harness OptimizationLLM Agent Harnesses

  12. MaD-RSI: Model-as-Data for Recursive Self-Improvement of Agent Harnesses

    Oct 20, 2026Yu Cui, Hong He, Ruiqing Yue +8Agent Harness OptimizationLLM Agent Harnesses

  13. Elicitation or Expansion? Demystifying Gains from Agent Harness Optimization

    Oct 20, 2026Younghyun Kim, Wooseok Seo, Minseo Kim +6Agent Harness OptimizationLLM Agent Harnesses

  14. Harness Self-Evolution for Long-Horizon Terminal Agents

    Oct 20, 2026Ruhan Wang, Yucheng Shi, Zongxia Li +6Agent Harness OptimizationLLM Agent Reliability

  15. KPHarness: Co-Evolving Knowledge and Probing for Long-Horizon Gaming Harnesses

    Oct 20, 2026Zhikang Chen, Yueqing Sun, Sen Cui +6Agent Harness OptimizationLong-Horizon Agent Tasks

  16. HarnessPro: Recursive Harness Self-Improvement with Pareto Optimization for Performance-Cost Trade-offs

    Oct 19, 2026Zhuoshi Pan, ZhiYuan Feng, Yukuo Cen +6Agent Harness OptimizationLLM Agent Harnesses

  17. VibeTraining-Bench: Data-Trainer-Harness Co-Design for Iterative System Improvement

    Oct 19, 2026Ruotian Peng, Yuanyi Ren, Shuaiqi Liu +7LLM Agent TrainingSelf-Improving Agents

  18. Self-Evolving Coding Agents via Harness-Policy Optimization

    Oct 16, 2026Zhepei Wei, Wenlin Yao, Baolin Peng +5AI Coding AgentsAgent Harness Optimization

  19. Federation over Harness

    Oct 15, 2026Dixi Yao, Tahseen Rabbani, Tian LiAgent Harness OptimizationLLM Agent Self-Improvement

  20. Harness-Delta Attribution: Dissecting Gains From Harness Evolution

    Oct 15, 2026Wenxuan Ding, Qin Lu, Changlong Yu +5Agent Harness OptimizationAgent Evaluation

  21. AutoOnboarder: Autonomously Onboarding LLM Agents

    Oct 15, 2026Tanay Arora, Cong LiuLLM Agent TrainingAgent Harness Optimization

  22. Self-Evolving Agent Harness

    Oct 13, 2026Chuyang Wei, Haoxiang Guan, Minghang Zhu +5Self-Evolving AgentsAgent Harness Optimization

  23. Verifier-Harness Co-Evolution for Training-Free Self-Improvement on Open-Ended Tasks

    Oct 13, 2026Tianyi Xu, Yaolun Zhang, Yiran Wu +6LLM Agent Self-ImprovementLLM Self-Refinement

  24. HarnessTTT: Learn to Optimize Harness at Test-Time for Scientific Discovery

    Oct 12, 2026Yingzi Ma, Yulong Cao, Nanxi Li +5Agent Harness OptimizationLLM Agent Harnesses

  25. Learning to Design SR Solvers: Harness Optimization for Symbolic Regression

    Oct 12, 2026Qian Li, Yuxiao Hu, Qihao Duan +2Symbolic RegressionAgent Harness Optimization