LLM Grounding

LLM: Large Language Model

LLM grounding studies whether a model’s answers, explanations, and actions are supported by the context it receives, structured knowledge, or observations of the world. Common approaches include retrieval-augmented generation, knowledge graphs and ontologies, tool use, evidence-linked training, and verification methods that check claims or support abstention. Work also examines grounding in images, audio, video, spatial data, and interactive environments, with evaluations measuring evidence use rather than answer accuracy alone. A central challenge is that supplying evidence does not ensure models use it: parametric knowledge, misleading context, and weak evidence selection can still lead to unsupported answers, while stronger verification can add cost and latency.

Latest papers

320 papers33 papers in the last four weeks, down 13% on the four weeks before. 0.2% of all new papers.

BIT.UA-AAUBS at ArchEHR-QA 2026: Evaluating Open-Source and Proprietary LLMs via Prompting in Low-Resource QA
May 5, 2026Richard A. A. Jonker, Alexander Christiansen, Alexandros Maniatis +4LLM Grounding Healthcare
Aalborg University Business School Fibigerstræde 2, Aalborg East 9220, Denmark · IEETA, DETI, LASI, University of Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal
Bolek: A Multimodal Language Model for Molecular Reasoning
May 4, 2026Frederic Grabowski, Jacek Szczerbiński, Maciej Jaśkowski +4LLM Grounding Scientific Reasoning
1Ingenix.ai, Warsaw, Poland · Laboratory of Bioinformatics and Computational Genomics, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
Position: How can Graphs Help Large Language Models?
May 4, 2026Xiyuan Wang, Yi Hu, Yanbo Wang +2LLM Grounding Knowledge Augmentation for Language Models
Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China · School of Computer Sciences, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
KG-First, LLM-Fallback: A Hybrid Microservice for Grounded Skill Search and Explanation
May 2, 2026Ngoc Luyen Le, Marie-Hélène Abel, Bertrand LaforgeLLM Grounding Hybrid Retrieval
Gamaizer.ia, 93340 Le Raincy, France · Université de technologie de Compiègne, CNRS, Heudiasyc (Heuristics and Diagnosis of Complex Systems), CS 60319 - 60203 Compiègne Cedex, France · Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 7585, LPMHE (Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et des Hautes Énergies), 75252 Paris cedex 05, France
RSAT: Structured Attribution Makes Small Language Models Faithful Table Reasoners
Apr 30, 2026Jugal Gajjar, Kamalasankari SubramaniakuppusamyLLM Reasoning LLM Grounding
Department of Computer Science, The George Washington University, USA
CL-bench Life: Can Language Models Learn from Real-Life Context?
Apr 29, 2026Shihan Dou, Yujiong Shen, Chenhao Huang +35LLM Evaluation LLM Grounding
Hunyuan Team, Tencent · Fudan University
HealthNLP_Retrievers at ArchEHR-QA 2026: Cascaded LLM Pipeline for Grounded Clinical Question Answering
Apr 29, 2026Md Biplob Hosen, Md Alomgeer Hussein, Md Akmol Masud +3LLM Grounding Healthcare
University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA · 2Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Quantifying Prior Dominance in RAG Systems
Apr 29, 2026Barak OrLLM Grounding Knowledge Conflicts in Language Models
ArtificialGate Ltd. · Google & Reichman Tech School · Technion – Israel Institute of Technology +1
Do LLMs Capture Embodied Cognition and Cultural Variation? Cross-Linguistic Evidence from Demonstratives
Apr 28, 2026Yu Wang, Emmanuele Chersoni, Chu-Ren HuangMultilingual Language Model Evaluation LLM Grounding
Department of Language Science and Technology · The Hong Kong Polytechnic University · Hung Lok Road, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong (China)
OmniVTG: A Large-Scale Dataset and Training Paradigm for Open-World Video Temporal Grounding
Apr 28, 2026Minghang Zheng, Zihao Yin, Yi Yang +2Temporal Video Grounding LLM Self-Correction
Wangxuan Institute of Computer Technology, Peking University · Central Media Technology Institute, Huawei Technologies Ltd. · State Key Laboratory of General Artificial Intelligence, Peking University +1
Semantic Layers for Reliable LLM-Powered Data Analytics: A Paired Benchmark of Accuracy and Hallucination Across Three Frontier Models
Apr 28, 2026Michael Rumiantsau, Ivan FokeevLLM Evaluation LLM Grounding
Cube
Grounding Before Generalizing: How AI Differs from Humans in Causal Transfer
Apr 27, 2026Liangru Xiang, Yuxi Ma, Zhihao Cao +2LLM Grounding Causal Structure Learning
Department of Automation, Tsinghua University · State Key Laboratory of General Artificial Intelligence · Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University +2
Robust Grounding with MLLMs Against Occlusion and Small Objects via Language-Guided Semantic Cues
Apr 27, 2026Beomchan Park, Seongho Kim, Hyunjun Kim +2VLM Robustness LLM Grounding
Integrated Vision Language Lab., KAIST, Republic of Korea
Agentic AI-assisted coding offers a unique opportunity to instill epistemic grounding during software development
Apr 23, 2026Magnus Palmblad, Jared M. Ragland, Benjamin A. NeelyLLM Grounding Scientific Code Generation
Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands · National Institute of Standards and Technology - Charleston, Charleston, SC USA
DWTSumm: Discrete Wavelet Transform for Document Summarization
Apr 22, 2026Rana Salama, Abdou Youssef, Mona DiabLegal NLP LLM Grounding
School of Engineering and Applied Science, George Washington University, USA · Language Technologies Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, USA
Pause or Fabricate? Training Language Models for Grounded Reasoning
Apr 21, 2026Yiwen Qiu, Linjuan Wu, Yizhou Liu +9LLM Grounding RL for Language Model Reasoning
1Zhejiang University · 2Tencent · 3Xiaohongshu Inc.
CulturALL: Benchmarking Multilingual and Multicultural Competence of LLMs on Grounded Tasks
Apr 21, 2026Peiqin Lin, Chenyang Lyu, Wenjiang Luo +22Multilingual Language Model Evaluation LLM Evaluation
Alibaba Group · Beijing Language and Culture University · LMU Munich +6
The Collaboration Gap in Human-AI Work
Apr 20, 2026Varad Vishwarupe, Marina Jirotka, Nigel Shadbolt +1LLM Grounding Human-AI Interaction
University of Oxford, United Kingdom
PoliLegalLM: A Technical Report on a Large Language Model for Political and Legal Affairs
Apr 19, 2026Yuting Huang, Yinghao Hu, Qian Xiao +7LLM Grounding Language Model Post-Training
Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China · Tongyi Lab, Alibaba Group, Hangzhou, China · Zhejiang Zhengfa Xinxi Guanli Zhongxin, Hangzhou, China
Using Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs to Improve the Interpretability of Machine Learning Models in Manufacturing
Apr 17, 2026Thomas Bayer, Alexander Lohr, Sarah Weiß +2Manufacturing LLM Grounding
University of Applied Sciences Ravensburg-Weingarten, Germany
Large Language Models Meet Biomedical Knowledge Graphs for Mechanistically Grounded Therapeutic Prioritization
Apr 17, 2026Chih-Hsuan Wei, Chi-Ping Day, Zhizheng Wang +8LLM Grounding Large Language Model-Guided Scientific Discovery
Division of Intramural Research (DIR), National Library of Medicine (NLM), National Institutes of Health (NIH); Bethesda, MD 20894, USA · Cancer Data Science Laboratory, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20894, USA · Dartmouth Health, Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, Lebanon, NH, USA +2
VeriGraphi: A Multi-Agent Framework of Hierarchical RTL Generation for Large Hardware Designs
Apr 16, 2026Sazzadul Islam, Tasnim Tabassum, Hao ZhengLLM Grounding LLM-Based Program Synthesis
Dept. of Computer Science & Eng. University of South Florida Tampa, Florida, United States
DocSeeker: Structured Visual Reasoning with Evidence Grounding for Long Document Understanding
Apr 14, 2026Hao Yan, Yuliang Liu, Xingchen Liu +5Document Understanding Long-Document VQA
Huazhong University of Science and Technology · Huawei Inc.
GCA Framework: A GCC Countries-Grounded Dataset and Agentic Pipeline for Climate Decision Support
Apr 14, 2026Muhammad Umer Sheikh, Khawar Shehzad, Salman Khan +2LLM Grounding LLM Tool Use
Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence (MBZUAI), UAE · University of Missouri, USA · Australian National University, Australia +1
DreamKG: A KG-Augmented Conversational System for People Experiencing Homelessness
Apr 13, 2026Javad M Alizadeh, Genhui Zheng, Chiu C Tan +7Geospatial QA Question Answering
Temple University, Philadelphia, USA · University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA · University of California Riverside, Riverside, USA +1
Self-Correcting RAG: Enhancing Faithfulness via MMKP Context Selection and NLI-Guided MCTS
Apr 12, 2026Shijia Xu, Zhou Wu, Xiaolong Jia +3Retrieval-Augmented Generation RAG Robustness
Chongqing University, China · Queen Mary University of London, UK · Chongqing Key Laboratory of Big Data Intelligence and Privacy Computing, China +1
Structure-Grounded Knowledge Retrieval via Code Dependencies for Multi-Step Data Reasoning
Apr 12, 2026Xinyi HuangKnowledge Augmentation for Language Models Retrieval-Augmented Generation
Simon Fraser University
Micro-Macro Retrieval: Reducing Long-Form Hallucination in Large Language Models
Apr 10, 2026Yujie Feng, Jian Li, Zhihan Zhou +7LLM Hallucination Mitigation Hallucination in Language Models
Solar System of OVB, Tencent, China · The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong S.A.R. · Jilin University, China
Spatio-Temporal Grounding of Large Language Models from Perception Streams
Apr 8, 2026Jacob Anderson, Bardh Hoxha, Georgios Fainekos +2Spatiotemporal Reasoning LLM Grounding
Toyota Motor North America Research & Development, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
Enabling Intrinsic Reasoning over Dense Geospatial Embeddings with DFR-Gemma
Apr 8, 2026Xuechen Zhang, Aviv Slobodkin, Joydeep Paul +4Geospatial Reasoning LLM Grounding
Google Research Research · University of Michigan

May 5, 2026J/K move · Enter open · S save

BIT.UA-AAUBS at ArchEHR-QA 2026: Evaluating Open-Source and Proprietary LLMs via Prompting in Low-Resource QA

Richard A. A. Jonker, Alexander Christiansen, Alexandros Maniatis, Rúben Garrido+3

Aalborg University Business School Fibigerstræde 2, Aalborg East 9220, Denmark · IEETA, DETI, LASI, University of Aveiro Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro 3810-193, Portugal

LLM Grounding Healthcare LLM Prompting Clinical QA Clinical Language Model Evaluation

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This paper presents the joint participation of the BIT.UA and AAUBS groups in the ArchEHR-QA 2026 shared task, which focuses on clinical question answering and evidence grounding in a low-resource setting. Due to the absence of training data and the strict data privacy constraints inherent to the healthcare domain (e.g. GDPR), we investigate the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) without weight updates. We evaluate several state-of-the-art proprietary models and locally deployable open-source alternatives using various prompt engineering strategies, including task decomposition, Chain-of-Thought, and in-context learning. Furthermore, we explore majority voting and LLM-as-a-judge ensembling techniques to maximize predictive robustness. Our results demonstrate that while proprietary models exhibit strong resilience to prompt variations, domain-adapted open-source models (such as MedGemma 3 27B) achieve highly competitive performance when paired with the right prompt. Overall, our prompt-based approach proved highly effective, securing 1st place in Subtask 4 (evidence citation alignment) and 3rd place in Subtask 3 (patient-friendly answer generation). All code, results, and prompts are available on our GitHub repository: https://github.com/bioinformatics-ua/ArchEHR-QA-2026.