LLM-Guided RL

RL: Reinforcement Learning

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8 papers in the last four weeks, up 60% on the four weeks before. 0.1% of all new papers.

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An LLM-in-the-loop RL Framework for Bioinformatics Feature Selection
Oct 4, 2026Xinyuan Wang, Deepti Agrawal, Yanjie FuReinforcement Learning LLM-Guided RL
School of Computing and AI Arizona State University Tempe, USA
Iterative Policy Refinement through Semantic Rollout Analysis
Oct 1, 2026Feiyu Gavin Zhu, Qi Xu, Zhifei Deng +4Policy Optimization LLM-Guided RL
Carnegie Mellon University · Meta
Guide, Then Let Go: Gap-Adaptive Teacher Scheduling for Sparse-Reward Agentic RL
Sep 29, 2026Youling Huang, Tiankuo Xu, Jiaji Liu +10Agentic RL LLM-Guided RL
DUT · Kuaishou · XJTU +5
Agentic AI Networking for Heterogeneous Unmanned Aerial Systems in Low-Altitude Wireless Networks
Sep 17, 2026Nguyen Duc Minh Quang, Chang Liu, Shuangyang Li +1LLM-Guided RL Wireless Communications
School of Computing, Engineering, and Mathematical Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia · Chair of Communications and Information Theory, Technical University of Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany · School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
M $^3$ P-R1: Reinforcement Learning for Large Language Model Guided Multi-Modal Motion Planning via MIP Code Generation
Sep 16, 2026Xingpeng Sun, Zherong Pan, Kai Cheng +3Constrained Motion Planning Large Language Model-Based Robot Planning
Purdue University United States · LightSpeed Studios United States
Specifying Reward Functions for RL Without Environment Sampling
Sep 14, 2026Stephane Hatgis-Kessell, W. Bradley Knox, Emma BrunskillLLM-Guided RL Reward Design for RL
1Computer Science Department, Stanford University · 2Computer Science Department, The University of Texas at Austin
CanvasAnneal: Curriculum Reinforcement Learning for Diffusion Language Models
Sep 14, 2026Blake Olson, Yuhang Song, Emmett McQuinn +1RL for Language Model Reasoning Curriculum RL
Google DeepMind
Smart Adaptive Computing Across the Continuum: LLMs in IoT-Edge-Cloud Resource Management
Sep 10, 2026Antonino Vaccarella, Lanpei Li, Vincenzo Lomonaco +1Language Model-Based Control LLM-Guided RL
Institute of Information Science and Technologies “Alessandro Faedo” (ISTI), National Research Council of Italy (CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy · Department of Computer Science, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy · Department of AI, Data and Decision Sciences, LUISS University, 00197 Rome, Italy
Reinforcement Learning Enhanced LLM Agents for Complex Vehicle Routing Problems
Sep 1, 2026Yi Chen, Zikang Yu, Jiahai Wang +3Multi-Agent System Optimization LLM-Guided RL
School of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China · Department of Industrial Systems Engineering and Management, National University of Singapore, Singapore
From Solver Feedback to Faithful Plans: Multi-Role Reinforcement Learning for Symbolic Planning
Aug 22, 2026Chenghao Zhang, Yikai Mao, Haoyu Gao +4LLM Planning Symbolic Planning
University of Pennsylvania · Georgia Institute of Technology · Pace University +1
LoongReflect: Boosting Long-Horizon Reflection in Search Agents via Global Perspective Distillation
Aug 12, 2026Zhixin Zhang, Xinke Jiang, Zhibang Yang +5LLM-Guided RL LLM Agents
School of Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing, China · National Engineering Research Center for Software Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China · Key Laboratory of High Confidence Software Technologies, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China +2
GRPO for Financial Advice Generation: Outperforming Commercial LLMs under CATE Evaluation
Aug 12, 2026Ofir Ben Shoham, Shrutendra Harsola, Vignesh Subrahmaniam +3AI-Assisted Decision Making LLM-as-a-Judge
Intuit
Mitigating Bus Bunching with Reinforcement Learning Enhanced by Semantic Stop Embedding
Aug 10, 2026Xin Dong, Vikash V. GayahRL Control LLM-Guided RL
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA, 16803
ProDVI: Programmatic Dynamics Priors for Value Network Initialization
Aug 6, 2026Xinwei Liu, Junyuan Liang, Jianting Zhang +1Reinforcement Learning LLM-Guided RL
1Sun Yat-sen University · 2Purdue University
Hybrid LLM-Augmented Reinforcement Learning Agents for Complex Sequential Decision Tasks
Aug 4, 2026Christophe D. Hounwanou, John Emeka Eze, Yaé Ulrich GabaLLM-Guided RL Long-Horizon LLM Agents
Department of Mathematics, AIMS, Kigali, Rwanda · African Institute for Mathematical Sciences (AIMS), Kigali, Rwanda · African Center for Advanced Studies, Pretoria, South Africa
PROGRESS: Coverage-guided RL to Train Search-augmented LLM Agent
Aug 2, 2026Sudipta Paul, Vijay Srinivasan, Vivek Kulkarni +4Reward Shaping LLM-Guided RL
AI Center-Mountain View, Samsung Electronics
Distilling Knowledge from Large Language Models into Lightweight Reinforcement Learning Agents for Autonomous Cyber Operations
Jul 30, 2026Konur Tholl, François Rivest, Mariam El Mezouar +2Autonomous Cyber Defense LLM-Guided RL
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, Canada · Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Royal Military College of Canada, Kingston, Canada · Defence Research and Development Canada, Ottawa, Canada +1
LEACL: LLM-Enhanced Automatic Curriculum Learning for Reinforcement Learning in Long-Horizon Manipulation Tasks
Jul 26, 2026Faraz Heravi, James Ouyang, Zifan Xu +3LLM-Guided RL Robotic Manipulation
The University of Texas at Austin · Nanyang Technological University · Sony AI
Prompt-Driven Exploration
Jul 9, 2026Sunshine Jiang, John Marangola, David Zhang +6LLM-Guided RL RL Exploration
Massachusetts Institute of Technology · Improbable AI Lab · MIT-IBM Computing Research Lab
Open-ended Multi-agent Autocurricula via Visual Inspection of Policies with Multi-modal LLMs
Jul 9, 2026Lorenzo Pantè, Andrea Fanti, Roberto CapobiancoGame-Playing Agents Curriculum RL
Sapienza University of Rome, Italy · Sony AI, Zurich, Switzerland
TREK: Distill to Explore, Reinforce to Refine
Jul 6, 2026Yuanda Xu, Zhengze Zhou, Kayhan Behdin +10RL for Language Model Reasoning LLM-Guided RL
LinkedIn Corporation · Harvard University · Georgia Institute of Technology
Regime-Conditional Stabilisation of LLM-Augmented Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
Jul 5, 2026Faid Keddouri, Sohaib Houhou, Aissa Boulmerka +1Reward Shaping LLM-Guided RL
National School of Artificial Intelligence (ENSIA), Sidi Abdellah Campus, Algiers, Algeria · Cosys-Grettia, Univ Gustave Eiffel, F-77454 Marne-la-Vallee, France.
ASK in the Dark: Uncertainty-Gated LLM Assistance under Partial Observability
Jul 2, 2026Juarez Monteiro, Nathan Gavenski, Guilherme Lima +3Partially Observable RL LLM Prompting
Kunumi Institute, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil · King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
Safe and Adaptive Cloud Healing: Verifying LLM-Generated Recovery Plans with a Neural-Symbolic World Model
Jul 2, 2026Junyan Tan, Haoran Lin, Siyuan Guo +4LLM-Based Program Synthesis LLM-Guided RL
Department of Computer Science Zhejiang University
Calibrating the Evaluator: Does Probability Calibration Mitigate Preference Coupling in LLM Agent Feedback Loops?
Jun 30, 2026Zewen LiuLLM-as-a-Judge Pairwise Preference Evaluation
Qilu Institute of Technology, School of Software Engineering Tai’an, Shandong, China
LaGO: Latent Action Guidance for Online Reinforcement Learning
Jun 23, 2026Kuan-Yen Liu, Ren-Jyun Huang, Ti-Rong WuLatent Action Learning LLM-Guided RL
Siebel School of Computing and Data Science, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, USA · Department of Computer Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taiwan · Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taiwan.
Causal Reward World Models: Zero-shot Reward Design for Automated Skill Generation
Jun 22, 2026Yang Yang, Yuchuang Tong, Zhengtao Zhang +6RL for Robotics Robot Skill Learning
Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China · Intelligent Manufacturing Institute, HFUT, Hefei 230051, China · School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Anhui University, Hefei 230061, China +1
Curriculum Reinforcement Learning Can Incentivize Reasoning Capacity in LLMs Beyond the Base Model
Jun 21, 2026Pengxiang Cai, Tianchen Fang, Xiaohan Li +3RL for Language Model Reasoning Curriculum RL
The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou) · Nanyang Technological University · Zhejiang University
Hierarchical Control in Multi-Agent Games: LLM-based Planning and RL Execution
Jun 18, 2026Jannik Hösch, Alessandro Sestini, Florian Fuchs +6Sequential MARL Multi-Agent Coordination
1Electronic Arts (EA) · 2KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
Zone of Proximal Policy Optimization: Teacher in Prompts, Not Gradients
Jun 16, 2026Byung-Kwan Lee, Ximing Lu, Shizhe Diao +6Curriculum RL LLM-Guided RL
NVIDIA
From Trainee to Trainer: LLM-Designed Training Environment for RL with Multi-Agent Reasoning
Jun 16, 2026Chao Chen, Chengzu Li, Zhiwei Li +2Reinforcement Learning LLM-Guided RL
1LARK, HKUST (GZ) · University of Cambridge · 3HKUST
When in Doubt, Plan It Out: Committed Small Language Model Deliberation for Reactive Reinforcement Learning
Jun 15, 2026Nathan Gavenski, Juarez Monteiro, Francisco Galuppo +2LLM Planning LLM-Guided RL
Department of Informatics, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom · Kunumi Institute, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
Phase-Aware Guidance Injection for Recurrent MAPPO in Assembly-Line Disruption Recovery
Jun 15, 2026Xin Huang, Yongcai Wang, Fengyi Zhang +3Combinatorial Optimization LLM-Guided RL
School of Information, Renmin University of China, Beijing 100872, China · State Key Laboratory of Multimodal Artificial Intelligence Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China · The Information Science Academy, China Electronics Technology Group Corporation, Beijing 100043, China +2
ReflectiChain: Epistemic Grounding in LLM-Driven World Models for Supply Chain Resilience
Jun 9, 2026Jia LuoConstrained RL LLM-Guided RL
School of Foreign Languages, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
GIFT: LLM-Guided State-Reward Interface for Financial Reinforcement Learning
Jun 7, 2026Yanyan Wu, Boyi Zhang, Yanlin Liu +10Reinforcement Learning Reward Shaping
East China University of Science and Technology · University of Science and Technology of China · Southwestern University of Finance and Economics +5
ROSUM-MCTS: Monte Carlo Tree Search-Inspired HDL Code Summarization with Structural Rewards
Jun 6, 2026Prashanth Vijayaraghavan, Charles Mackin, Luyao Shi +6Electronic Design Automation LLM-Guided RL
IBM Research San Jose, CA, USA
Uncertainty-Aware LLM-Guided Policy Shaping for Sparse-Reward Reinforcement Learning
Jun 4, 2026Ujjwal Bhatta, Utsabi Dangol, Sumaly Bajracharya +2Reinforcement Learning LLM-Guided RL
USD AI Research, Department of Computer Science University of South Dakota Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
SocraticPO: Policy Optimization via Interactive Guidance
Jun 3, 2026Zirui Liu, Jie Ouyang, Qi Liu +8RL for Language Model Reasoning LLM-Guided RL
State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Intelligence, University of Science and Technology of China · iFLYTEK AI Research (Central China), iFLYTEK Co., Ltd
AgenticRL: Self-Refining Agentic Reinforcement Learning for Vision-Conditioned UAV Navigation
Jun 2, 2026Roohan Ahmed Khan, Yasheerah Yaqoot, Amir Atef Habel +2RL for Robotics Agentic RL
When are LLMs Sufficient Policy Optimizers for Sequential RL Tasks?
May 29, 2026Stephane Hatgis-Kessell, Emma BrunskillLanguage Model-Based Control Policy Optimization
Department of Computer Science, Stanford University
LLM-ALSO: LLM-Driven Adaptive Learning-Signal Optimization for Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
May 28, 2026Xiaoguang Wu, Zhi Zheng, Hui XiongReward Shaping LLM-Guided RL
University of Science and Technology of China · Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China · 2Thrust of Artificial Intelligence, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou)
When LLM Reward Design Fails: Diagnostic-Driven Refinement for Sparse Structured RL
May 27, 2026Youting Wang, Yuan Tang, Bowen Liu +2Reward Shaping LLM-Guided RL
SARAD: LLM-Based Safety-Aware Hybrid Reinforcement Learning with Collision Prediction for Autonomous Driving
May 27, 2026Kangyu Wu, Peng Cui, Guoxi Chen +1Autonomous Driving Traffic Accident Anticipation
School of Automation, Southeast University, Nanjing, China · Key Laboratory of Measurement and Control of Complex Systems of Engineering, Ministry of Education, Nanjing, China
OccuReward: LLM-Guided Occupant-Centric Reward Shaping for Demographic Equity in Grid-Interactive Buildings
May 27, 2026Shadmehr Zaregarizi, Khashayar YavariReward Shaping Algorithmic Fairness
Politecnico di Torino Turin, Italy
Hide to Guide: Learning via Semantic Masking
May 24, 2026Ruitao Liu, Qinghao Hu, Alex Hu +6Reward Hacking RL for Language Model Reasoning
1MIT · 2NVIDIA
LLM-Guided Communication for Cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning
May 18, 2026Sangjun Bae, Yisak Park, Sanghyeon Lee +1LLM-Guided RL Multi-Agent Systems
Graduate School of Artificial Intelligence, UNIST, Ulsan, South Korea.
PriorZero: Bridging Language Priors and World Models for Decision Making
May 12, 2026Junyu Xiong, Yuan Pu, Jia Tang +1LLM-Guided RL Latent World Models
University of Science and Technology of China · Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory · Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics +1
Learning Agentic Policy from Action Guidance
May 12, 2026Yuxiang Ji, Zengbin Wang, Yong Wang +6Agentic RL Reinforcement Learning
1Xiamen University · 2AMAP, Alibaba Group · Work done during internship at AMAP, Alibaba Group +1
EvoNav: Evolutionary Reward Function Design for Robot Navigation with Large Language Models
May 12, 2026Zhikai Zhao, Chuanbo Hua, Federico Berto +4Evolutionary Optimization Robot Navigation
1KAIST · 2Radical Numerics · 3UC Riverside +1
From Passive Reuse to Active Reasoning: Grounding Large Language Models for Neuro-Symbolic Experience Replay
May 10, 2026Yanan Xiao, Yixiang Tang, Zechen Feng +3Reinforcement Learning Experience Replay
1Affiliation 1 · 2Affiliation 2 · 3Affiliation 3
AIPO: Learning to Reason from Active Interaction
May 8, 2026Junnan Liu, Linhao Luo, Thuy-Trang Vu +1RL for Language Model Reasoning LLM-Guided RL
Department of Data Science and AI, Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Australia
Reflective Prompted Policy Optimization: Trajectory-Grounded Revision and Salience Bias
May 8, 2026Rahaf Abu Hara, Vaibbhav Murarri, Claudio ZitoPolicy Optimization LLM-Guided RL
Laboratory of AI and Robotics Research (LAIRR) Heriot-Watt University Dubai, United Arab Emirates
Reward Shaping and Action Masking for Compositional Tasks using Behavior Trees and LLMs
May 7, 2026Nicholas Potteiger, Ankita Samaddar, Taylor T. Johnson +1Reinforcement Learning Reward Shaping
Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN
Closing the Loop: Unified 3D Scene Generation and Immersive Interaction via LLM-RL Coupling
May 7, 2026Anh H. Vo, Sungyo Lee, Phil-Joong Kim +2Virtual Reality LLM-Guided RL
Department of Computer Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
LANTERN: LLM-Augmented Neurosymbolic Transfer with Experience-Gated Reasoning Networks
May 6, 2026Mahyar Alinejad, Yue Wang, Amrit Singh Bedi +1Reinforcement Learning LLM-Guided RL
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA · Department of Computer Science, University of Central Florida, Orlando, Florida, USA
Discovering Reinforcement Learning Interfaces with Large Language Models
May 5, 2026Akshat Singh Jaswal, Ashish Baghel, Paras ChopraReinforcement Learning LLM-Guided RL
Lossfunk
ARGUS: Policy-Adaptive Ad Governance via Evolving Reinforcement with Adversarial Umpiring
May 4, 2026Deyi Ji, Junyu Lu, Xuanyi Liu +7Non-Stationary RL Online Advertising
Tencent · Dalian University of Technology · Peking University +2
Model-Based Proactive Cost Generation for Learning Safe Policies Offline with Limited Violation Data
May 2, 2026Ruiqi Xue, Lei Yuan, Kainuo Cheng +2LLM-Guided RL Offline RL
National Key Laboratory for Novel Software Technology, Nanjing University · School of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University · Polixir Technologies +2
PPO guided Agentic Pipeline for Adaptive Prompt Selection and Test Case Generation
May 1, 2026Gourisetty Venkata Sai Koushik, Dama Aditya, Mahankali Harish Sai +3Automated Software Testing LLM-Guided RL
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, SRM University AP
RHyVE: Competence-Aware Verification and Phase-Aware Deployment for LLM-Generated Reward Hypotheses
Apr 30, 2026Feiyu Wu, Xu Zheng, Zhuocheng Wang +2Reinforcement Learning LLM-Guided RL
School of Cyber Engineering, Xidian University

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An LLM-in-the-loop RL Framework for Bioinformatics Feature Selection

Xinyuan Wang, Deepti Agrawal, Yanjie Fu

School of Computing and AI Arizona State University Tempe, USA

Reinforcement Learning LLM-Guided RL

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High-dimensional bioinformatics data, characterized by a large number of features relative to the number of samples, pose major challenges such as the ``curse of dimensionality,'' leading to overfitting, high computational cost, and poor generalization. Traditional feature selection methods often suffer from limited scalability and adaptability in such domains. We propose an LLM-in-the-loop reinforcement learning (RL) framework for bioinformatics feature selection, where the RL agent formulates feature selection as a sequential decision-making task, while the large language model (LLM) enhances the process in two ways: (1) guiding exploration through domain-informed advice, and (2) providing hybrid rewards that integrate data-driven performance with knowledge-driven evaluation. The LLM also produces explanations to improve interpretability for human experts without altering the RL policy update. Experiments on diverse bioinformatics datasets show that the LLM-in-the-loop framework outperforms baselines, achieves stable performance across downstream models, and converges faster than pure RL.

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